{"id":5746,"date":"2012-09-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-09-25T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/debata-je-treba-zavest-vetsinovy-system\/"},"modified":"2022-09-23T19:18:22","modified_gmt":"2022-09-23T17:18:22","slug":"debata-je-treba-zavest-vetsinovy-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/debata-je-treba-zavest-vetsinovy-system\/","title":{"rendered":"DEBATA: &#8220;Je t\u0159eba zav\u00e9st v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd syst\u00e9m?&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nelichotiv\u00fd stav na tuzemsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b, doprov\u00e1zen\u00fd \u00fapadkem politick\u00e9 kultury, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nechu\u0165 ve\u0159ejnosti. Karel Jane\u010dek, zakladatel Nada\u010dn\u00edho fondu proti korupci a podnikatel, se na v\u011bc d\u00edv\u00e1 jinak \u2013 p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00e1vrhem <\/span><i style=\"text-align: justify;\">upraven\u00e9ho v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/i><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">, kter\u00fd pova\u017euje za recept na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. \u201eJde o unik\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m, se\u00a0kter\u00fdm nikdo nep\u0159i\u0161el d\u0159\u00edve, proto\u017ee demokracie nikdy nebyla v\u00a0tak hlubok\u00e9 krizi hodnot, jako dnes\u201c, vysv\u011btloval Jane\u010dek.<!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V r\u00e1mci cyklu Debaty o \u010desk\u00fdch z\u00e1jmech, kter\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 think-tank Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty, diskutovali dva obh\u00e1jci zm\u011bny na v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m &#8211; Karel Jane\u010dek a Roman Chytilek, proti transformaci vystoupili Anna Matu\u0161kov\u00e1 a Petr Sokol. Debata se uskute\u010dnila 26. 9. 2012 na Institutu ekonomick\u00fdch studi\u00ed FSV UK v Praze.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Inovativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh Karla Jane\u010dka<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ne\u017e p\u0159edstav\u00edme n\u00e1zory a argumenty vystupuj\u00edc\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f, je t\u0159eba podrobn\u011bji popsat Jane\u010dk\u016fv n\u00e1vrh. Vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0tradi\u010dn\u00edho v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fdm se vol\u00ed t\u0159eba do Sen\u00e1tu nebo do Kongresu ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed se zaveden\u00edm 81 obvod\u016f \u2013 identick\u00fdch s\u00a0t\u011bmi sen\u00e1tn\u00edmi \u2013 i pro volby do doln\u00ed komory. Z\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9ho obvodu by vze\u0161li dva zastupitel\u00e9 s\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem hlas\u016f. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bna m\u00e1 zas\u00e1hnout samotn\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Voli\u010d by nov\u011b nedisponoval pouze jedn\u00edm hlasem, n\u00fdbr\u017e hned t\u0159emi; dv\u011bma pozitivn\u00edmi a jedn\u00edm negativn\u00edm. Hlasy by se jednodu\u0161e ode\u010d\u00edtaly. O smyslu zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed negativn\u00edho hlasu se svedla nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bitva, o tom ale pozd\u011bji. Vedle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch kandid\u00e1t\u016f, na kandid\u00e1tk\u00e1ch stran, kter\u00e9 by z\u0159ejm\u011b byly pouze dv\u011b, n\u00e1vrh po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 tak\u00e9 s\u00a0nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi kandid\u00e1ty. Umo\u017enit jejich kandidaturu by m\u011bla zejm\u00e9na restrikce politick\u00e9 reklamy. Odv\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu je zaveden\u00ed mo\u017enosti odvolat poslance. Potud tedy fakta, slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed jako podklad k\u00a0v\u011bcn\u00e9 diskuzi. Nyn\u00ed se pod\u00edvejme, co jednomu po druh\u00e9m \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed experti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/evropskehodnoty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/ctvrta.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-264\" alt=\"ctvrta\" src=\"https:\/\/evropskehodnoty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/ctvrta.jpg\" width=\"447\" height=\"298\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Krize syst\u00e9mu a krize hodnot<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Roman Chytilek, p\u0159edn\u00ed odborn\u00edk na volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd syst\u00e9m obecn\u011b m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l eliminovat p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny nespokojenosti, kter\u00e9 generuje syst\u00e9m sou\u010dasn\u00fd. \u201eV \u010cesk\u00e9 republice nen\u00ed pro zaveden\u00e9 strany typu ODS nebo \u010cSSD mo\u017enost volby ani hodn\u011b vyhr\u00e1t, ani prohr\u00e1t. Neexistence tohoto rizika demotivuje politiky d\u011blat politiku skute\u010dn\u011b pro lidi. Relativn\u00ed pocit bezpe\u010d\u00ed nam\u00edsto toho podporuje honbu za vlastn\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy.\u201c D\u016fkazy pro jeho tvrzen\u00ed lze nal\u00e9zt na \u010desk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b relativn\u011b snadno.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Velk\u00e1 nad\u011bje tak byly vkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny do nov\u00fdch, nezaveden\u00fdch stran, kter\u00e9 m\u00edsto v\u00a0Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b nemaj\u00ed jist\u00e9 a m\u011bly by tak st\u00e1t za sv\u00fdmi voli\u010di. Strana zelen\u00fdch, o v\u011bcech ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch nemluv\u011b, v\u0161ak d\u016fv\u011bru nenaplnily, \u201emotivace se zkr\u00e1tka ihned po zvolen\u00ed vytratila\u201c, doplnil Chytilek a dodal: \u201ev zem\u00edch s\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fdm volebn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem vede i mal\u00e1 zm\u011bna n\u00e1lad mezi voli\u010di k\u00a0citeln\u00fdm dopad\u016fm na politickou stanu.\u201c Historick\u00e9 i sou\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady prok\u00e1zaly pravdu Chytilkova tvrzen\u00ed; nepoda\u0159\u00ed-li se stran\u00e1m v\u00a0takov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu udr\u017eet voli\u010de, dost\u00e1v\u00e1 se do zna\u010dn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201eJen\u017ee krizi nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je krize hodnot, nefunk\u010dnost syst\u00e9mu je toho n\u00e1sledkem\u201c, mysl\u00ed si Anna Matu\u0161kov\u00e1, politolo\u017eka a z\u00e1stupkyn\u011b think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty v\u00a0t\u00e9to debat\u011b. Politolog Petr Sokol, stoj\u00edc\u00ed na stejn\u00e9 stran\u011b n\u00e1zorov\u00e9 barik\u00e1dy, k\u00a0tomu dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eNespokojenost s\u00a0politikou je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed demokracie. Politick\u00e1 krize vypad\u00e1 jinak, ne\u017e je tomu dnes v\u00a0\u010cR, kde m\u00e1me funguj\u00edc\u00ed vl\u00e1du, politick\u00e9 strany, lid\u00e9 zde nepln\u00ed ulice\u201c. Na p\u0159\u00edkladu \u0160pan\u011blska nebo \u0158ecka lze vid\u011bt, \u017ee probl\u00e9my na politick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b mohou m\u00edt i v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podobu ne\u017e je tomu dnes. A\u010dkoliv si ani jeden ze \u010dty\u0159 \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk\u016f rozhodn\u011b nemyslel, \u017ee by v\u00a0\u010cR bylo v\u0161e v\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dku, Petr Sokol z\u00e1sadn\u011b nesouhlasil s\u00a0Jane\u010dkov\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm poslanc\u016f za <i>zlojedy<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Mo\u017enost volit pro i proti<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jak stoj\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e v\u00a0textu, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed neshoda panovala nad z\u00e1sadn\u00ed inovac\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu Karla Jane\u010dka, zaveden\u00edm negativn\u00edho hlasu. \u201eMo\u017enost ud\u011blit m\u00ednusov\u00fd hlas je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1. V\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0dv\u011bma pozitivn\u00edmi v\u00a0sob\u011b spojuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed klady. Mo\u017enost volit hned dvakr\u00e1t sni\u017euje v\u00fdlu\u010dnost voleb, zat\u00edmco negativn\u00ed hlas slou\u017e\u00ed jako pojistka proti populismu a extremismu.\u201c vysv\u011btluje autor n\u00e1vrhu. V\u00a0praxi by tedy ka\u017ed\u00fd voli\u010d volil hned t\u0159ikr\u00e1t. Negativn\u00ed hlas by ud\u011blil kandid\u00e1tovi, jeho\u017e se nejv\u00edce boj\u00ed, nebo s\u00a0n\u00edm\u017e nejm\u00e9n\u011b souhlas\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed ov\u0161em obavy o zneu\u017eitelnosti takov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tu ozna\u010dil Sokol p\u0159\u00edmo za \u201ezlo cel\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu\u201c a dodal: \u201ez\u00e1porn\u00fdmi hlasy se zneguj\u00ed ty pozitivn\u00ed pro zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u2013 a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u2013 kandid\u00e1ty. Zbydou pak jen \u0161ed\u00ed a nezaj\u00edmav\u00fd, jen\u017e sice nikomu nevad\u00ed, ale nikoho nenadchnou.\u201c C\u00edlem voleb a zm\u011bny by samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u011blo b\u00fdt pomoci do vysok\u00e9 politiky kvalitn\u00edm kandid\u00e1t\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed co nab\u00eddnout. Zat\u00edmco Petr Sokol v\u00a0navrhovan\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b nevid\u00ed cestu, Jane\u010dek pokra\u010duje: \u201eM\u00edsto pln\u00e9ho po\u0159ad\u00ed budou existovat jen prvn\u00ed dv\u011b m\u00edsta a posledn\u00ed m\u00edsto, t\u00edm nejl\u00e9pe reflektujeme ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed.\u201c Podle p\u0159edpoklad\u016f by se tak strany mohly snadn\u011bji zbavovat nekvalitn\u00edch kandid\u00e1t\u016f a postupn\u011b proj\u00edt jakousi p\u0159irozenou obm\u011bnou. Z\u00a0volby by tak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vze\u0161el kompromisn\u00ed kandid\u00e1t. \u201eNen\u00ed to ale jen o politic\u00edch, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je zodpov\u011bdnost voli\u010d\u016f<b>\u201c, <\/b>upozor\u0148uje Matu\u0161kov\u00e1 v\u00a0obav\u00e1ch ze spr\u00e1vnosti zaveden\u00ed negativn\u00edho hlasu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Posledn\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed komponentou nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu volby do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny by m\u011bl b\u00fdt z\u00e1kaz politick\u00e9 reklamy nad r\u00e1mec materi\u00e1l\u016f, vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch samotnou stranou. \u201eT\u00edm by dos\u00e1hnul omezen\u00ed populismu a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed transparentnosti\u201c, je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den Jane\u010dek. \u201ePom\u016f\u017ee jen konzultantsk\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem\u201c, ob\u00e1v\u00e1 se expertka na politick\u00fd marketing Anna Matu\u0161kov\u00e1. Omezen\u00ed reklamy by velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nutilo strany hledat jin\u00e9 cesty, jak informovat sv\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed voli\u010de. \u201eN\u00e1klady se z\u00a0billboard\u016f p\u0159esunou do nakladatelstv\u00ed a \u010dasopis\u016f, kde reklama bude skryt\u00e1\u201c, mysl\u00ed si Sokol.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u0161ichni \u0159e\u010dn\u00edci se shodli, \u017ee syst\u00e9m pot\u0159ebuje zm\u011bnu, jej\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podoba ov\u0161em z\u016fstala otev\u0159en\u00e1. \u201eV\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd syst\u00e9m bude generovat dv\u011b monolitick\u00e9, uzav\u0159en\u00e9 strany. Zm\u011bna nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zavedena shora, mus\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edt od lid\u00ed. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dostat do politiky dobr\u00e9 lidi a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zefektivnit nefunk\u010dn\u00ed byrokratick\u00fd syst\u00e9m\u201c, uzav\u0159ela debatu Matu\u0161kov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdstupy:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/domaci.eurozpravy.cz\/politika\/57418-janecek-otevrene-politiku-ridi-zlojedi-a-co-s-tim\/\">\u010cl\u00e1nek EuroZpr\u00e1vy.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nelichotiv\u00fd stav na tuzemsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b, doprov\u00e1zen\u00fd \u00fapadkem politick\u00e9 kultury, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nechu\u0165 ve\u0159ejnosti. Karel Jane\u010dek, zakladatel Nada\u010dn\u00edho fondu proti korupci a podnikatel, se na v\u011bc d\u00edv\u00e1 jinak \u2013 p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00e1vrhem upraven\u00e9ho v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd pova\u017euje za recept na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. \u201eJde o unik\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m, se\u00a0kter\u00fdm nikdo nep\u0159i\u0161el d\u0159\u00edve, proto\u017ee demokracie nikdy nebyla v\u00a0tak hlubok\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[379,514],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-events","category-past-events"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DEBATA: &quot;Je t\u0159eba zav\u00e9st v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd syst\u00e9m?&quot; - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/debata-je-treba-zavest-vetsinovy-system\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DEBATA: &quot;Je t\u0159eba zav\u00e9st v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd syst\u00e9m?&quot; - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nelichotiv\u00fd stav na tuzemsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b, doprov\u00e1zen\u00fd \u00fapadkem politick\u00e9 kultury, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nechu\u0165 ve\u0159ejnosti. 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