{"id":5187,"date":"2017-11-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-11-07T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/kremlin-watch-briefing-were-russian-social-media-ads-really-pro-trump\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:21:57","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:21:57","slug":"kremlin-watch-briefing-were-russian-social-media-ads-really-pro-trump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/kremlin-watch-briefing-were-russian-social-media-ads-really-pro-trump\/","title":{"rendered":"Kremlin Watch Briefing: Were Russian social media ads really pro-Trump?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Weekly monitor of pro-Kremlin disinformation effort in Europe. We follow best European analysts, best counter-measures and trends.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Topics of the Week<\/h2>\n

In their most recent article, Franklin D. Kramer of the Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security and Lauren M. Speranza of the Atlantic Council\u00a0suggest<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0\u201c<\/em>create a hub to monitor Russian activity<\/strong>, similar to NATO\u2019s new hub for the south. This could be housed in Brussels with a joint NATO-EU unit, or perhaps in conjunction with NATO\u2019s Joint Forces Command Brunsuum. It could also be coordinated at the new Hybrid COE in Helsinki. This hub\u2014and existing hybrid intel units\u2014should incorporate the ever-increasing threat analyses from private companies and non-governmental organizations such as cyber security firms and digital analysis centers.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

According to<\/a>\u00a0Leonid Bershidsky, if Russian social media ads mirror the overall strategy of the Kremlin\u2019s influence campaign, their diversity suggests that US intelligence assessments were misguided: the Kremlin and its trolls were not partisan and did not solely favor Trump. Rather, they exploited every possible socio-political rift, regardless of partisan cause \u2013 consistent with Russia\u2019s playbook of influence in other countries.<\/p>\n

Michael Carpenter, a senior director at the Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement, concludes in his\u00a0op-ed<\/a>\u00a0for\u00a0The Hill<\/em>\u00a0that\u00a0\u201ct<\/em>ech companies must become aggressive about using algorithms and humans to root out bots and automated accounts<\/strong>. They must become more effective in screening for polarizing content to ensure that it not only meets hate speech guidelines but also isn\u2019t being circulated by foreign patrons. They should partner with fact-checking and academic institutions to inform the public about what narratives the Kremlin is advancing and how they are targeting specific groups.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Good Old Soviet Joke<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bedbugs appeared in the house occupied by the secretary of the region Party committee. The Party boss summoned an expert on insects and asked him how to get rid of bedbugs. The expert said, \u201cThe best way is to organize a collective farm for bedbugs. Then half of them will flee, and the rest will croak.\u201d<\/p>\n

US Developments<\/h2>\n

Were Russian social media ads really pro-Trump?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Politico provides a\u00a0sampling<\/a>\u00a0of the social media ads bought by Russia-linked entities that were released by the House intelligence panel. The ads focus on divisive social issues in the US including Black Lives Matter, Blue Lives Matter, the \u2018Not My President\u2019 movement, gun violence, and pro-Sanders\/anti-Clinton narratives.<\/p>\n

As Leonid Bershidsky\u00a0writes<\/a>\u00a0in Bloomberg, if these ads mirror the overall strategy of the Kremlin\u2019s influence campaign, their\u00a0diversity<\/a>\u00a0suggests that US intelligence assessments were mistaken:\u00a0the Kremlin and its trolls were not partisan and did not solely favor Trump.<\/strong>\u00a0Rather, they exploited every possible socio-political rift, regardless of partisan cause. As Bershidsky argues, \u201cThe ads backed white nationalist as well as black causes. They often targeted Clinton before the election but switched to attacking Trump immediately afterwards. The ads against both were even visually similar.\u201d<\/p>\n

This strategy, of course, has long constituted the essence of Russia\u2019s playbook. Bershidsky explains:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe campaign was not tied to election timelines: It\u2019s permanent, and it will go on while the U.S. and Russia are adversaries. In that sense, it\u2019s no different from the Russian influence campaign in Ukraine. Elections and government changes that do nothing to alter the relationship between countries are just a useful background for propaganda, disinformation and sheer trollery because they politicize the audience and draw its attention to the divisive issues that propagandists exploit. Instability and confusion are the primary goals, and they\u2019re easy to achieve on the cheap.\u201d<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, in a\u00a0statement<\/a>\u00a0prepared for the US Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism, Clint Watts of the Alliance for Securing Democracy explains that \u201cwithin the Kremlin\u2019s playbook, each social media platform serves a function [\u2026] in an interlocking social media ecosystem where Russia infiltrates, engages, influences and manipulates targeted American audiences.\u201d Accordingly, he identifies five complementary social media functions that hostile actors will need to in order \u201cto conduct effective full spectrum social media influence campaigns:\u00a0reconnaissance, hosting, placement, propagation, and saturation<\/strong>\u201d (see table below).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

We also recommend\u00a0this op-ed<\/a>\u00a0for\u00a0The Hill<\/em>\u00a0that identifies the failures of social media companies to understand the scope and complexity of the Russian threat, and recommends three key responses:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Tech companies must become aggressive about using algorithms and humans to root out bots and automated accounts.<\/li>\n
  2. They must become more effective in screening for polarizing content to ensure that it not only meets hate speech guidelines but also isn\u2019t being circulated by foreign patrons.<\/li>\n
  3. They should partner with fact-checking and academic institutions to inform the public about what narratives the Kremlin is advancing and how they are targeting specific groups.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Promising news from the State Department<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Following questioning by US Senator Rob Portman, Steven Goldstein, the nominee for Under Secretary of State for Public Affairs has\u00a0testified<\/a>\u00a0that, if confirmed, he will ensure that the State Department\u2019s Global Engagement Center receives appropriate funding and fulfills its mandate \u201cto effectively counter foreign disinformation and propaganda\u201d. This follows corresponding\u00a0confirmation<\/a>\u00a0of support in September from Eric Ueland, nominee for Under Secretary of State for Management.<\/p>\n

    The Kremlin\u2019s Current Narrative<\/h2>\n

    Twitter is dependent on the US security establishment<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Russia can\u2019t get over Twitter\u2019s decision to ban ads from RT and Sputnik. In a predictable fashion, a\u00a0spokeswoman of the Russian MFA commented<\/a>:\u00a0\u201cTwitter\u2019s ban is evidence of its failure as a business and its absolute dependence on the US security establishment, which directly controls decision-making on Twitter, as we can conclude from its subsequent decisions\u201d<\/em>. The Russian MFA directs all its blame at Twitter and urges Twitter users to be alarmed by the censorious nature of the social media company. \u201cToday Twitter has banned ads by Russian media outlets, namely RT and Sputnik, and tomorrow it may decide, seeking to suit the changing political situation, to label media outlets or businesses from any other country the \u201cenemies of America\u201d,<\/em>said Mrs. Zakharova, a renowned defender of freedom of expression (that is, by the Kremlin).<\/p>\n

    Russkiy mir for youth<\/strong><\/p>\n

    According to the best traditions of Soviet storytelling, Vzglyad presented a story about the fifth International Forum for foreign Russians and Russian-speaking youth. As is traditional for Russian narratives, Vzglad draws no distinction between ethnic Russians and Russian-speakers in other countries and claims that all of them are members of Russkiy Mir.\u00a0The aim of the Forum\u00a0<\/a>was to\u00a0\u201cspread the ideas of Russkiy Mir and fight against the Western propaganda that lies about the real life in Russia\u201d<\/em>.\u00a0 As a successful example of these efforts, Russian journalists cite a Forum participant from Armenia, Goar Gumashan, who believes herself to be a part of the Russkiy Mir and observes with sadness that Armenian youth is seduced by the West and Europe.\u00a0\u201cRussian policies in Armenia should be improved\u201d<\/em>, Gumashan suggests. Notably, the main task the Forum participants see for themselves is the preservation of Russian language first and foremost in Ukraine. Evidently, the Kremlin has no intention to stop using Russian language and culture as a political instrument in foreign policy.<\/p>\n

    It\u2019s all Soros<\/strong><\/p>\n

    We already know how much Russia loves conspiracy theories. Last week, Russian state media actively commented on a new chapter in the endless story of how \u201cSoros finances a fifth column\u201d. This time, it is the list of 226 individuals from the so-called\u00a0Soros list<\/a>\u00a0which was published by DCLeaks and brought to attention by Viktor Orb\u00e1n. Russians claim that public figures who support ideas of equality, acceptance of migrants, Ukrainian integration into the EU, and critique of Russia are all bribed by Soros. Russia and Hungary believe it\u2019s time to open Europeans\u2019 eyes to the corrupt nature of their politicians.\u00a0\u201c<\/em>Western democracy is just a facade that covers a feudal structure<\/em><\/a>. No one takes interests of the people into account. Despite all its freedoms and liberties, Western societies remain as rightless, as in the Middle Ages\u201d<\/em>. Strange that the sentence wasn\u2019t followed by \u201cGod bless Putin, God bless Russia\u201d…<\/p>\n

    PUTIN’S CHAMPION AWARD<\/h2>\n

    Our\u00a0Expert Jury<\/a>\u00a0consisting of\u00a0Jessikka Aro, Peter Kreko, Nerijus Maliukevi\u010dius, Anton Shekhovtsov and John Schindler,\u00a0<\/strong>regularly votes on the dangerousness of several candidates you can nominate via e-mail or Twitter.<\/p>\n

    The 21st Putin\u2019s Champion Award Recipient Is:<\/p>\n

    The Secretary-General of Council of Europe\u00a0Thorbj\u00f8rn Jagland<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"Secretary<\/pre>\n
    Council of Europe<\/em><\/p>\n
    \n
    for closing eyes over Russia\u2019s\u00a0massive human rights<\/a>\u00a0violations and making it possible to come back to the Parliament Assembly of the\u00a0Council of Europe.<\/p>\n
    \u00a0<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    The Expert Jury ranked his Putin-supportive job with<\/p>\n
    4,5<\/strong><\/h1>\n
    (of out 5) mark.<\/p>\n
    \"\"<\/p>\n
    Policy & Research News<\/h2>\n
    Russia will take care of a coup suspect despite having nothing to do with it<\/strong><\/p>\n
    In October 2016, parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro, during which the coup attempt against Prime Minister Milo Djukanovic took place. During the\u00a0investigation<\/a>, one of the main witnesses (and also suspects) admitted to having been hired by a Russian intelligence officer to organize the overthrow of the government to stop Montenegro from joining NATO. Russia, of course, denounces the accusation as absurd.<\/p>\n
    Fourteen suspects in the case are currently under trial in Podgorica. On Nov. 1,\u00a0Reuters<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Radio Free Europe<\/a>\u00a0reported that one of the main suspects, identified as Montenegrin Ananie Nikic, is currently in Russia, which refuses to hand him over to the Montenegrin authorities. The Russian Prosecutor General\u2019s Office said in a\u00a0statement<\/a>that it had rejected a request from Montenegro\u2019s Justice Ministry to extradite Ananie Nikic, because he had been given refugee status by Moscow.<\/p>\n
    Counter-propaganda is a priority ahead of the Eastern Partnership Summit<\/strong><\/p>\n
    During the EuroNest Parliamentary Assembly, MEPs and Eastern European MPs identified counter-propaganda as one of the priorities ahead of the Eastern Partnership Summit. According to a recent\u00a0press release<\/a>, they condemned \u201cpolicies based on propaganda and misinformation\u201d, as well as \u201cRussian governmental efforts to discredit the EU and divide it and its partners by using state-controlled media\u201d. They also called for setting up \u201cEU-funded transnational networks of fact-checkers, investigative journalists and researchers\u201d to fight disinformation campaigns.<\/p>\n
    Governments and social media platforms have a key role in fighting disinformation<\/strong><\/p>\n
    The Council of Europe published a new\u00a0report<\/a>\u00a0examining disinformation campaigns. It sets a framework for researching disinformation and presents 34 recommendations for technology companies, national governments, media organisations, civil society, education ministries and funding bodies. Among them, the publication calls for transparent criteria for algorithmic changes that down-rank content on social media platforms. It also suggests that governments should require transparency of advertising on Facebook and roll out advanced cybersecurity training.<\/p>\n
    Kremlin Watch Reading Suggestion<\/h2>\n
    Russia\u2019s electronic warfare capabilities to 2025<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    Our reading suggestion for this week is military-focused and pertains to another field in which Russia poses a serious threat: electronic warfare, and specifically military activity involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Russian disinformation and influence campaigns are far from being the only danger Russia poses to NATO and its allies, if the annexation of Crimea and events in eastern Ukraine are any indication.\u00a0 Particularly in the Baltic countries, the Russian army causes serious concerns.<\/p>\n
    As stated in a\u00a0report<\/a>\u00a0produced by the Estonian International Centre for Defence and Security,\u00a0Russia has been making large investments into the modernization of its electronic warfare inventory since 2009<\/strong>, which means that the Russian army has already undergone significant changes and, undoubtedly, progress. As of now, NATO\u2019s plans for the defence of its Eastern Flank are inadequate; the reason being that NATO does not take account of the full spectrum of Russia\u2019s electronic warfare capabilities.\u00a0It is therefore crucial that NATO develops an understanding of the extent of these capabilities and adjusts its planning accordingly<\/strong>. To learn more about Russian capabilities and the proposed solutions, have a look at the report.<\/p>\n
    Subscribe to Kremlin Watch Briefing!<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n
     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Weekly monitor of pro-Kremlin disinformation effort in Europe. 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