{"id":5047,"date":"2013-10-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-26T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/musime-posilit-roli-narodnich-parlamentu-v-ramci-eu\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:23:44","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:23:44","slug":"musime-posilit-roli-narodnich-parlamentu-v-ramci-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/musime-posilit-roli-narodnich-parlamentu-v-ramci-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"Mus\u00edme pos\u00edlit roli n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f v r\u00e1mci EU"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/span>Je Brit\u00e1nie st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b j\u00e1drem integrace, nebo u\u017e tu skute\u010dn\u011b m\u00e1me dvourychlostn\u00ed Evropu? A m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prezident Komise \u010dlenem politick\u00e9 strany? Jak podpo\u0159it “p\u0159\u00edliv mozk\u016f” sm\u011brem do zem\u00ed Unie?<\/i><\/h1>\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed parlamenty maj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) nezastupitelnou roli. Str\u00e1\u017e\u00ed princip subsidiarity, legitimitu, prov\u00e1d\u00ed demokratick\u00fd dohled. M\u011bli by se proto jejich z\u00e1stupci setk\u00e1vat je\u0161t\u011b \u010dast\u011bji, ne\u017e jak je tomu doposud? Zlep\u0161en\u00ed pozice dom\u00e1c\u00edho parlamentu m\u016f\u017ee pomoci sni\u017eovat demokratick\u00fd deficit, o n\u011bm\u017e ve spojen\u00ed s unijn\u00edmi strukturami sl\u00fdch\u00e1me\u00a0st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b by ale tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd org\u00e1n, jak\u00fdm je Evropsk\u00e1 komise, m\u011bl b\u00fdt zachov\u00e1n jako nez\u00e1visl\u00fd, tud\u00ed\u017e nadstranick\u00fd. To se ale m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit po volb\u00e1ch v roce 2014, kdyby byl n\u011bkter\u00fd z kandid\u00e1t\u016f v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 strany zvolen prezidentem Komise. O nov\u00fdch z\u00e1m\u011brech a taktik\u00e1ch, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it legitimitu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed uvnit\u0159 EU, pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 tento t\u00fdden hned v\u00edcero studi\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00edch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch think-tank\u016f. My jsme pro v\u00e1s vybrali ty z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Sm\u011brem k\u00a0hlub\u0161\u00ed EMU: Nov\u00e9 d\u011bl\u00edc\u00ed linie v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 unie<\/a><\/h1>\n

Towards a deeper EMU: An assessment of political divisions within EU<\/i><\/h3>\n

Juha Jokela; Finnish Institute of International Affairs<\/h3>\n

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Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e1 v boji proti finan\u010dn\u00ed a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krizi a reformy sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k pos\u00edlen\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a m\u011bnov\u00e9 unie (EMU) otev\u0159ely n\u011bkter\u00e9 star\u00e9 r\u00e1ny a vytvo\u0159ily nov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 d\u011bl\u00edc\u00ed linie v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU). Obrysy evropsk\u00e9 politiky dnes utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoci posti\u017een\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm m\u011bnov\u00e9 unie, ale nov\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed vznik\u00e1 i mezi euroz\u00f3nou a st\u00e1ty stoj\u00edc\u00edmi mimo ni, jakkoli je zat\u00edm obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jej definovat.<\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 na za\u010d\u00e1tku tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, vzhledem k\u00a0m\u00ed\u0159e ochoty spojenc\u016f p\u0159ipojit se k jejich v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, rozli\u0161ovaly mezi \u201estarou\u201c a \u201enovou\u201c Evropou. EU je v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fsledku dluhov\u00e9 krize sv\u011bdkem op\u011btovn\u00e9ho vzniku p\u0159ed\u011blu mezi Severem a Jihem, kter\u00fd indikuje odli\u0161n\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 vize. Na druhou stranu, argumentuje Juha Jokela z\u00a0Finsk\u00e9ho institutu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f, n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed odcizen\u00ed V\u00fdchodu a Z\u00e1padu se v\u00a0r\u00e1mci EU zmen\u0161uje. EU v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdt rozli\u0161ov\u00e1na na p\u016fvodn\u00ed a nov\u00e9 \u010dleny, ale objevuje se sp\u00ed\u0161e d\u011blen\u00ed na v\u011b\u0159itele a dlu\u017en\u00edky, co\u017e koresponduje pr\u00e1v\u011b s geografick\u00fdm um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm zem\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdch kriz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco tzv. j\u00e1dro EU symbolizuj\u00ed st\u00e1ty euroz\u00f3ny, pop\u0159. st\u00e1ty sna\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho vlivu v\u00a0Unii, jin\u00e9 zem\u011b jako Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie se od evropsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje ostentativn\u011b distancuj\u00ed. Krom\u011b britsk\u00e9 neochoty p\u0159ipojit se k sou\u010dasn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm proces\u016fm v Unii v\u0161ak sch\u00e1zej\u00ed i jin\u00e9 hlub\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady nebo \u010derven\u00e9 linie pro budouc\u00ed integraci. St\u00e1ty tak sice prok\u00e1zaly schopnost odsunout Brit\u00e1nii na vedlej\u0161\u00ed kolej, av\u0161ak nedok\u00e1\u017eou prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed procesy sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k hlub\u0161\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 integraci obh\u00e1jit p\u0159ed voli\u010di ve vlastn\u00edch zem\u00edch. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed poukazuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 na nov\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed mezi pro a protievropsk\u00fdmi silami, je\u017e se v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b projevuje jak v\u00a0r\u00e1mci, tak mimo euroz\u00f3nu. Pos\u00edlen\u00ed populistick\u00fdch a euroskeptick\u00fdch hnut\u00ed by se pak mohlo prom\u00edtnout i na evropskou \u00farove\u0148, co\u017e by znesnadnilo budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj EU.<\/p>\n

\n

Houdini v\u00a0Bosn\u011b; Jak odemknout p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd proces do EU<\/a><\/h1>\n

Houdini in Bosnia; How to unlock the EU accession process<\/i><\/h3>\n

European Stability Initiative<\/h3>\n

\u00a0Bosna a Hercegovina (d\u00e1le jen Bosna a BiH) dr\u017e\u00ed rekord v\u00a0d\u00e9lce dojedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Dohody o stabilizaci a p\u0159idru\u017een\u00ed k\u00a0EU. I Srbsko, kter\u00e9 stejn\u011b jako BiH za\u010dalo vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2005, je ji\u017e letos uzav\u0159elo. Vstupu dohody v\u00a0platnost toti\u017e br\u00e1n\u00ed to, \u017ee p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 Bosny nedok\u00e1zali implementovat rozsudek Evropsk\u00e9ho soudu pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va (ESLP) v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadu Sejdic-Finci vs. Bosna a Hercegovina,<\/i> kter\u00fd se t\u00fdk\u00e1 diskriminace na z\u00e1klad\u011b etnick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Sejdic a Finci jsou ob\u010dany BiH romsk\u00e9 a \u017eidovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodnosti. Bosensk\u00e1 \u00fastava v\u0161ak oprav\u0148uje pouze Srby, Chorvaty a Bos\u0148\u00e1ky ke zvolen\u00ed do P\u0159edsednictva a Parlamentu Bosny a Hercegoviny. Evropsk\u00fd soud rozhodl, \u017ee konstituce t\u00edmto poru\u0161uje Protokol \u010d. 12 \u00damluvy o ochran\u011b lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch svobod sjednan\u00fd Radou Evropy, jeho\u017e je BiH signat\u00e1\u0159em. Z\u00a0t\u00e9ho\u017e d\u016fvodu Bosna prozat\u00edm nepodala p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ku ke vstupu do EU. Evrop\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 trvaj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mohou pokra\u010dovat teprve pot\u00e9, co p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 Bosny vyvinou v\u011brohodn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o p\u0159iveden\u00ed bosensk\u00e9 \u00fastavy do souladu s\u00a0\u00damluvou. Bosen\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 se ohrazuj\u00ed, \u017ee ze strany BiH p\u0159i\u0161lo na 50 n\u00e1vrh\u016f implementace, ani jeden v\u0161ak nebyl EU p\u0159ijat.<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bna \u00fastavy BiH je v\u0161ak nesm\u00edrn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm konstrukce parlamentn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny, na kter\u00e9 se mus\u00ed pod\u00edlet v\u0161echna t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed bosensk\u00e1 etnika. Tam\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e1 sc\u00e9na je nav\u00edc nesm\u00edrn\u011b rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1. V\u00a0ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se hlavn\u00ed bosensk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b dohodnou na implementaci rozhodnut\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadu Sejdic-Finci v\u00a0obou komor\u00e1ch parlamentu. To by bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za v\u011brohodn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed a Bosna by mohla podat p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ku ke \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0EU a kone\u010dn\u011b set\u0159\u00e1st pouta, kter\u00e1 ji tak dlouho dr\u017e\u00ed na jednom m\u00edst\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Nov\u00e1 Evropsk\u00e1 meziparlamentn\u00ed konference o hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m a finan\u010dn\u00edm vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed<\/a><\/h1>\n

The New Inter-Parliamentary Conference for Economic and Financial Governance <\/i><\/h3>\n

Valentin Kreilinger; Notre Europe \u2013 Jacques Delors Institute<\/h3>\n

\u00a0T\u00e9matem t\u00e9to studie je zcela nov\u00e1 metoda spolupr\u00e1ce parlament\u016f \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Na pr\u00e1vn\u00edm z\u00e1kladu \u010dl\u00e1nku 13 Evropsk\u00e9ho fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho kompaktu byla v dubnu 2013 vytvo\u0159ena nov\u00e1 Evropsk\u00e1 meziparlamentn\u00ed konference o hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m a finan\u010dn\u00edm vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed. Forma implementace \u010dl\u00e1nku 13 byla vyjedn\u00e1na na sjezdu p\u0159edsed\u016f parlament\u016f v Nik\u00f3sii, kde tak vznikla platforma pro komunikaci mezi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi parlamenty. Tato nov\u00e1 meziparlamentn\u00ed konference se poprv\u00e9 se\u0161la mezi 16. a 18. \u0159\u00edjnem 2013 ve Vilniusu. \u00da\u010delem t\u00e9to platformy m\u00e1 b\u00fdt udr\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f v mechanismu evropsk\u00e9ho rozhodovac\u00edho procesu a tedy pos\u00edlen\u00ed demokratick\u00e9 kontroly evropsk\u00e9 integrace na cest\u011b \u201ek ryz\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00e9 unii\u201d.\u00a0 Autor t\u00e9to studie v\u0161ak ozna\u010duje kompromis, kter\u00fd byl dosa\u017een na jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v Nik\u00f3sii, za promarn\u011bnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed v\u00fdkladu \u010dl\u00e1nku 13 Fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho kompaktu.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh na z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho meziparlamentn\u00edho t\u011blesa nalezl v evropsk\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznivce i odp\u016frce. Jak autor p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fdmi citacemi z jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1vrh\u016f, Evropsk\u00e1 rada se pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b sna\u017eila kooperaci n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f omezovat. I mezi samotn\u00fdmi parlamenty tak vznikl konflikt, kdy\u017e seversk\u00e1 skupina vystoupila s po\u017eadavkem \u00fapln\u00e9ho opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1vrh\u016f a jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci star\u00fdch struktur. Situace se d\u00e1le komplikovala pr\u00e1vn\u00edm z\u00e1kladem samotn\u00e9 iniciativy \u2013 Fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed kompakt podepsan\u00fd v b\u0159eznu 2012 m\u00e1 toti\u017e jen 25 signat\u00e1\u0159\u016f z 28 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a v r\u00e1mci signat\u00e1\u0159\u016f se d\u00e1le d\u011bl\u00ed na skupinu st\u00e1t\u016f euroz\u00f3ny a na skupinu mimo ni. Fin\u00e1ln\u00ed podoba konference v\u0161ak po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Konference bude moci p\u0159ij\u00edmat pr\u00e1vn\u011b nez\u00e1vazn\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed, bude se sch\u00e1zet dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (podle Evropsk\u00e9ho semestru) a ka\u017ed\u00fd parlament na ni bude moci poslat a\u017e \u0161est poslanc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Autor pova\u017euje snahu o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 meziparlamentn\u00ed konference za star\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu, mimo jin\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje i pot\u0159ebu siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed kontroly na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni. V p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00e9 anal\u00fdze \u00fa\u010dasti poslanc\u016f ve dvou star\u0161\u00edch meziparlamentn\u00edch konferenc\u00edch (Konference v\u00fdbor\u016f pro evropsk\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti parlament\u016f EU a Meziparlamentn\u00ed konference ke spole\u010dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice) zji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee jen men\u0161ina parlament\u016f tyto konference pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a pos\u00edl\u00e1 na n\u011b sv\u00e9 poslance. P\u0159esto je podle n\u011bj vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 konference prvn\u00edm krokem na cest\u011b ke skute\u010dn\u00e9 parlamentn\u00ed kontrole Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a m\u011bnov\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n

\n

Evropsk\u00e9 volby 2014: Pro\u010d by partajn\u00ed prezident Komise byl pro EU \u0161patn\u00fd<\/a><\/h1>\n

The 2014 European elections: Why a partisan Commission president would be bad for the EU<\/i><\/h3>\n

Heather Grabbe a Stefan Lehne; Centre for European Reform<\/h3>\n

\u00a0Prezidenti Evropsk\u00e9 komise (EK) byli dote\u010f vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni hlavami \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1dou v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 rad\u011b a Evropsk\u00fd parlament (EP) tento v\u00fdb\u011br schv\u00e1lil prostou v\u011bt\u0161inou hlas\u016f. Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva proces upravuje a d\u00e1v\u00e1 EP pr\u00e1vo prezidenta Komise volit. Hlavn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 strany by se r\u00e1dy zasadily o p\u0159\u00edm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vazbu mezi v\u00fdsledkem voleb a v\u00fdb\u011brem prezidenta EK t\u00edm, \u017ee by jej zvolili z\u00a0vlastn\u00edch \u0159ad. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee by to p\u0159it\u00e1hlo medi\u00e1ln\u00ed pozornost a zv\u00fd\u0161ila by se tak i volebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy by byly p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eeny negativn\u00edmi efekty na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed EU a vych\u00fdlen\u00edm rovnov\u00e1hy moci mezi evropsk\u00fdmi institucemi.<\/p>\n

Prezident, kter\u00fd je jasn\u011b napojen na jednu partaj, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed kredibilitu k\u00a0uvalov\u00e1n\u00ed sankc\u00ed \u010di uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti vl\u00e1d\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 vze\u0161ly z\u00a0jin\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti politick\u00e9ho spektra. Komisa\u0159i p\u0159i n\u00e1stupu do funkce skl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsahu, \u017ee budou nez\u00e1visle zastupovat z\u00e1jmy EU, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tato p\u0159\u00edsaha ztr\u00e1c\u00ed smysl, pokud prezident kolegia bude stran\u00edkem. Komise takt\u00e9\u017e b\u011bhem krize z\u00edskala nov\u00e9 funkce, ale k\u00a0jejich vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba, aby se prezident stal rozhod\u010d\u00edm politick\u00e9 hry a ne kapit\u00e1nem jednoho z\u00a0t\u00fdm\u016f. Komise p\u0159ib\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0citliv\u00fdch oblastech a partajn\u00ed prezident by mohl zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee komisn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed by byla napad\u00e1na p\u0159ed Evropsk\u00fdm soudn\u00edm dvorem.\u00a0 Takt\u00e9\u017e by mohla b\u00fdt ohro\u017eena pozice Komise jako obr\u00e1nce demokracie. \u010cl\u00e1nek d\u00e1le popisuje t\u0159i sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e, jak by partajn\u00ed prezident Komise mohl ovlivnit dynamiku mezi Komis\u00ed, Parlamentem a Radou.<\/p>\n

Prioritou po volb\u00e1ch do EP je jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho a nestrann\u00e9ho prezidenta Komise, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee obnovit d\u016fv\u011bru v\u00a0tuto instituci. Tyto volby jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ty p\u0159edchoz\u00ed, jeliko\u017e EU se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0krizi a je pot\u0159eba vy\u0159e\u0161it ekonomick\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, jejich\u017e podstata se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed na \u00farovni n\u00e1rodn\u00ed i evropsk\u00e9. Sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na v\u00fdb\u011br prezidenta EK by se evropsk\u00e9 strany v\u00a0kampani m\u011bly soust\u0159edit na praktick\u00e9 benefity a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, je\u017e vy\u017eaduj\u00ed evropskou integraci.<\/p>\n

\n

Pro\u010d pracovat v\u00a0EU, kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017eu pracovat jinde? Aneb je modr\u00e1 karta od Evropsk\u00e9 unie l\u00e1kadlem pro vysoce kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky ze zem\u00ed mimo ni?<\/a><\/h1>\n

Why come here if I can go there? Assessing the \u2018Attractiveness\u2019 of the EU\u2019s Blue Card Directive for \u2018Highly Qualified\u2019 Immigrants<\/i><\/h3>\n

Katharina Eisele; Centre for European Policy Studies<\/h3>\n

\u00a0Podporov\u00e1n\u00ed imigrace vysoce kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f ze zem\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta do \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pil\u00ed\u0159em nov\u00e9 koncepce Evropsk\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed politiky.\u00a0 Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem p\u0159ijali v roce 2009 ve Stockholmu evrop\u0161t\u00ed z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed definuj\u00edc\u00ed tzv. modrou kartu, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za c\u00edl zav\u00e9st na evropsk\u00e9m trhu pr\u00e1ce jednotn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 by p\u0159il\u00e1kaly vysoce kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky ze zem\u00ed mimo EU.\u00a0 Ve sv\u00e9m projevu ze dne 9. kv\u011btna 2013 zd\u016fraznila evropsk\u00e1 komisa\u0159ka pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti Cecilia Malmstr\u00f6mov\u00e1, \u017ee Evropa pot\u0159ebuje kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed budou p\u0159isp\u00edvat k\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9 \u017eivotaschopnosti EU, a d\u00e1le upozornila na v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nedostatky na sou\u010dasn\u00e9m trhu pr\u00e1ce a nevyu\u017eit\u00fd potenci\u00e1l talent\u016f a schopnost\u00ed na stran\u011b p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f do EU.<\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b je modr\u00e1 karta vn\u00edm\u00e1na evropsk\u00fdmi institucemi velice pozitivn\u011b. Evropsk\u00e1 komise vyzdvihuje, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou EU oproti konkurent\u016fm (hlavn\u011b USA a Kanad\u011b) je p\u0159\u00edstup na 28 trh\u016f pr\u00e1ce, a t\u00edm i mo\u017en\u00fd profesn\u00ed r\u016fst v\u00a0reakci na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u017eadavky firem v\u00a0EU.\u00a0 Av\u0161ak je nutn\u00e9 zajistit jednotn\u00fd p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd pracovn\u00edk\u016fm zaru\u010d\u00ed stejnou \u00farove\u0148 pr\u00e1v ve v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, a tak\u00e9 zajistit voln\u00fd pohyb pracovn\u00edk\u016f tak, aby mohli pru\u017en\u011b reagovat na m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se po\u017eadavky na trhu pr\u00e1ce. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f se modr\u00e1 karta st\u00e1v\u00e1 nezbytnost\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti spole\u010dn\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u00a0praxi je modr\u00e1 karta od za\u010d\u00e1tku velmi atraktivn\u00ed hlavn\u011b pro instituce v\u00a0r\u00e1mci EU \u2013 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ohledn\u011b modr\u00e9 karty v\u0161ak z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ignoruje po\u017eadavky zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f, a stejn\u011b tak i samotn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1le nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed na pomal\u00fd a t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd byrokratick\u00fd proces. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 karta nespl\u0148uje p\u016fvodn\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br Komise skoncovat s\u00a028 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my p\u0159\u00edj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed vysoce kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, a proto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na jen za jak\u00e9si vylep\u0161en\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed povolen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\n

Jak se EU p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje nov\u00fdm a rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se trend\u016fm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti<\/a><\/h1>\n

EU Adjustment to New and Evolving Trends of International Security<\/i><\/h3>\n

Tom\u00e1\u0161 Weiss; Instituto Affari Internazionali<\/h3>\n

\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro\u0161lo v posledn\u00edch letech dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami. Vyno\u0159ilo se mno\u017estv\u00ed nov\u011b se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch mocnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed pod\u00edlu na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed moci mezi v\u00edcero st\u00e1t\u016f a objevily se nov\u00e9, do t\u00e9 doby nepoznan\u00e9 hrozby. V d\u016fsledku toho se st\u00e1ty musej\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159ehodnotit svoje strategie a n\u00e1stroje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) se chov\u00e1 jako jedna z t\u011bchto rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se mocnost\u00ed. Nep\u016fsob\u00ed sice jako politick\u00fd hr\u00e1\u010d sama o sob\u011b, sp\u00ed\u0161e slou\u017e\u00ed sv\u00fdm \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm jako f\u00f3rum, p\u0159es kter\u00e9 mohou prosazovat svoji bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiku, ale jej\u00ed role jako bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho akt\u00e9ra st\u00e1le roste. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika Unie je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee v\u0161echny bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed hrozby spolu souvisej\u00ed, a je tud\u00ed\u017e t\u0159eba zaujmout k jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed komplexn\u00ed postoj \u2013 terorismus, \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zbran\u00ed hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed, organizovan\u00fd zlo\u010din, zhroucen\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f i region\u00e1ln\u00ed konflikty jsou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00e9.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee se EU dok\u00e1zala vcelku \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b adaptovat na tyto bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed v\u00fdzvy a disponuje rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem, neum\u011bla se vyrovnat s nov\u00fdm rozlo\u017een\u00edm moci v\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm politick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ve vztaz\u00edch s rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edmi se mocnostmi je nejv\u00edce patrn\u00e1 nekonzistentnost zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky Unie a na vin\u011b jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm neshody mezi jej\u00edmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, ale tak\u00e9 nekoherentn\u00ed institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec a nejasn\u00e1 pozice EU v r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. \u010c\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ta kter\u00e1 t\u0159et\u00ed zem\u011b pro Unii je, poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 autor, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u016f\u010di n\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zaujmou jednotnou strategii. Fakt, \u017ee Evropsk\u00e1 unie nedok\u00e1zala definovat spole\u010dn\u00fd postoj nejen v\u016f\u010di \u010c\u00edn\u011b, Indii nebo Braz\u00edlii, ale t\u0159eba i v\u016f\u010di Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed budoucnosti EU z\u0159ejm\u011b nestane sv\u011btov\u00fdm l\u00eddrem v\u00a0oblasti bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

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Jak\u00e1 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pozice n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f v\u00a0budov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 unie?<\/a><\/h1>\n

What Should Be the Position of National Parliaments in the Construction of a European Political Union?<\/i><\/h3>\n

Claude Bartolone; The Robert Schuman Foundation<\/h3>\n

\u00a0Od po\u010d\u00e1tku budov\u00e1n\u00ed projektu Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) byla role n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parlamentu konstantn\u00edm prvkem demokratick\u00e9 legitimity. Samotn\u00e1 Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 12 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201eN\u00e1rodn\u00ed parlamenty p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed aktivn\u011b ke spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu chodu EU\u201c. To je vykon\u00e1v\u00e1no na n\u011bkolika meziparlament\u00e1rn\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch od ratifikace, implementace a\u017e po monitoring ve v\u00fdborech pro evropsk\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed parlamenty tak zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed neobvyklou pozici ve struktu\u0159e Spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V dob\u011b, kdy pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me jak krizi ekonomickou, tak krizi suverenity, by m\u011bla EU tla\u010dit n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parlamenty do sv\u00e9ho centra d\u011bn\u00ed. M\u011bla by efektivn\u011b koordinovat rozpo\u010dtovou politiku v\u0161ech n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm poradit se o rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9m r\u00e1mci v\u00a0Bruselu; nastavit priority integrace, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fd n\u00e1vrh francouzsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Hollanda na vznik \u201eEkonomick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy euroz\u00f3ny\u201c, co\u017e je projekt, kter\u00fd si vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 hodn\u011b \u010dasu a kompromisu, ale v\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku pos\u00edl\u00ed stabilitu euroz\u00f3ny. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tento n\u00e1vrh nesm\u00ed ohrozit stabilitu a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podstatu parlamentn\u00edho dozoru. Takov\u00e1 reforma tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt doprov\u00e1zena hlub\u0161\u00edmi procesy reflexe \u00falohy vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch parlament\u016f a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jejich suverenity v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016f, kdy se rozhodne kolektivn\u011b na \u00farovni Spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Dnes po 5 letech krize se mus\u00edme zab\u00fdvat z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmi demokratickou rovnov\u00e1hu Unie. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u00e1me jasnou pot\u0159ebu znovu vl\u00edt demokratickou legitimitu do evropsk\u00e9ho soukol\u00ed, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u00e1me ztr\u00e1ty v dozor\u010d\u00edch pravomoc\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f. Tento antagonismus m\u00e1 jednoduch\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba postavit vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed parlamenty do st\u0159edu evropsk\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny a pos\u00edlit pozici parlamentarismu v institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnov\u00e1ze Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00edlem by m\u011blo b\u00fdt z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u201eKongresu parlament\u016f\u201c. Takov\u00fdto Kongres bude p\u0159edstavovat parlamentn\u00ed rozm\u011br evropsk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy. Finan\u010dn\u00ed solidaritu bude muset \u0159e\u0161it na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edch z\u00e1ruk, br\u00e1t v potaz n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rozpo\u010dty, harmonizovat fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed politiku. Pokud se i nad\u00e1le budeme distancovat od n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed rozpo\u010dtovou odpov\u011bdnost a kter\u00e9 jsou denn\u011b v\u00a0kontaktu s evropsk\u00fdm lidem, jen\u017e je stavebn\u00edm kamenem demokracie, nem\u016f\u017eeme nikdy dos\u00e1hnout t\u011bchto vytou\u017een\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n

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\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Je Brit\u00e1nie st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b j\u00e1drem integrace, nebo u\u017e tu skute\u010dn\u011b m\u00e1me dvourychlostn\u00ed Evropu? A m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prezident Komise \u010dlenem politick\u00e9 strany? Jak podpo\u0159it “p\u0159\u00edliv mozk\u016f” sm\u011brem do zem\u00ed Unie?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nMus\u00edme pos\u00edlit roli n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f v r\u00e1mci EU - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/musime-posilit-roli-narodnich-parlamentu-v-ramci-eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mus\u00edme pos\u00edlit roli n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f v r\u00e1mci EU - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0Je Brit\u00e1nie st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b j\u00e1drem integrace, nebo u\u017e tu skute\u010dn\u011b m\u00e1me dvourychlostn\u00ed Evropu? A m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prezident Komise \u010dlenem politick\u00e9 strany? 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