{"id":5028,"date":"2013-09-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-09-21T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/jak-zabranit-eurozi\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:20:18","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:20:18","slug":"jak-zabranit-eurozi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/jak-zabranit-eurozi\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak zabr\u00e1nit \u201eEUrozi\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h1>\n

Co je to “lisabonizace” a co s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed? Jak\u00e1 je opom\u00edjen\u00e1 str\u00e1nka bankovn\u00ed unie? A jak mohou volby do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu v roce 2014 pomoci zastavit “EUrozi”?<\/i><\/p>\n

“Nov\u00fd slib pro Evropu: Jak dok\u00e1\u017eou volby zastavit EUrozi” je n\u00e1zev studie think-tanku Policy Network, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eitost\u00ed nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch voleb do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a tak\u00e9 definuje, s jak\u00fdmi prioritami by m\u011bly \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed j\u00edt. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 spole\u010dnost pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiku (DGAP) zase diskutuje nad rol\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch bank v podpo\u0159e hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu; nov\u00e1 studie Bruegelu se zmi\u0148uje o opom\u00edjen\u00e9 str\u00e1nce bankovn\u00ed unie. Velice zaj\u00edmavou shledal n\u00e1\u0161 Analytick\u00fd t\u00fdm takt\u00e9\u017e s\u00e9rii esej\u00ed o rovnosti pohlav\u00ed v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, kterou vydala Foundation for European Progressive Studies. Aby toho nebylo m\u00e1lo,\u00a0European Stability Initiative se rozhodl oslavit 50. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed vztahu EU – Turecko a EGMONT zase p\u00ed\u0161e o Sd\u011blen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise k\u00a0obrann\u00e9 a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 politice a o mo\u017enostech spolupr\u00e1ce v\u00a0t\u011bchto odv\u011btv\u00edch. Tento t\u00fdden n\u00e1\u0161 vskutku nat\u0159\u00edskan\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br toho nejlep\u0161\u00edho z pr\u00e1ce zahrani\u010dn\u00edch think-tank\u016f zavr\u0161uje anotace k publikaci Centra pro studium evropsk\u00fdch politik (CEPS), je\u017e se v\u011bnuje t\u00e9matu “lisabonizace” Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu.<\/p>\n

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Proinvestovat se z\u00a0krize? Debata o tom, jak mohou ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed banky v\u00a0Evrop\u011b podpo\u0159it r\u016fst<\/a><\/h1>\n

Investing Our Way out of the Crisis? The debate over how public investment banks in Europe can promote growth<\/i><\/i><\/h3>\n

Katharina Ehrhart, Claudia Schmucker; Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Ausw\u00e4rtige Politik<\/h3>\n

Diskuze o tom, jakou cestu zvolit pro \u00fanik z evropsk\u00e9 dluhov\u00e9 krize, b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto redukov\u00e1na na p\u0159\u00edslove\u010dnou dichotomii: fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsnost, anglicky ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako \u201eausterity\u201c vs. r\u016fst, implikuj\u00edc\u00ed deficitn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed. Spor o tyto dva p\u0159\u00edstupy se to\u010d\u00ed kolem probl\u00e9mu fisk\u00e1ln\u00edch multiplik\u00e1tor\u016f a zejm\u00e9na kolem jedn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky \u2013 jak pozitivn\u00ed je vliv ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f na r\u016fst, resp. nakolik negativn\u00ed jsou dopady \u00fasporn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na HDP? N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee vliv fisk\u00e1ln\u00edch multiplik\u00e1tor\u016f na r\u016fst je zanedbateln\u00fd a jejich hodnota je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1, tedy \u017ee negativn\u00ed dopady zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dan\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f na HDP nejsou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u010dervnu 2013 v\u0161ak Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fd fond do\u0161el k\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee role fisk\u00e1ln\u00edch multiplik\u00e1tor\u016f byla podcen\u011bna (jejich hodnota je mo\u017en\u00e1 dvakr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed) a tedy \u017ee \u0161krty ve v\u00fddaj\u00edch jsou v\u00edce po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed, ne\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo. To vyvolalo novou diskuzi ohledn\u011b negativn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f \u00fasporn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a o pot\u0159eb\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f. V\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti v\u00a0Evrop\u011b nabrala na s\u00edle my\u0161lenka zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch investic prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch bank.<\/p>\n

Moment\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201eporouchan\u00fd transmisn\u00ed mechanismus\u201c m\u011bnov\u00e9 politiky centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 sazby ECB nedok\u00e1\u017eou ovlivnit re\u00e1lnou ekonomiku \u2013 banky se dostanou k\u00a0levn\u00fdm p\u016fj\u010dk\u00e1m od ECB, ale nejsou ochotny \u00fav\u011bry d\u00e1le \u201ep\u0159eposkytnout\u201c podnikov\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e. Evropsk\u00e1 investi\u010dn\u00ed banka se v\u00a0t\u00e9to situaci podle autorek jev\u00ed jako vhodn\u00e1 k\u00a0tomu, aby zaplnila st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed mezeru skrze v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky, a to zejm\u00e9na mal\u00fdm a st\u0159edn\u00edm podnik\u016fm.<\/p>\n

\n

V\u00edce konkurence, v\u00edce efektivity? Sd\u011blen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise k obran\u011b 2013<\/a><\/h3>\n

More Competitive, more Efficient? The 2013 European Commission Defence Communication<\/i><\/h3>\n

Daniel Fiott; EGMONT<\/h3>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 komise ned\u00e1vno vydala Sd\u011blen\u00ed k\u00a0obrann\u00e9 a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 politice a mo\u017enostem spolupr\u00e1ce v\u00a0t\u011bchto oblastech pro rok 2013. Do nov\u00e9ho dokumentu se j\u00ed poda\u0159ilo zakomponovat i n\u011bkolik ji\u017e dlouho o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch a pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch iniciativ. Komise, kter\u00e1 se u\u017e dlouhodob\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o spolupr\u00e1ci v\u00a0oblasti obrany a pr\u016fmyslu EU, m\u00e1 k dispozici i ur\u010dit\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, jak t\u00e9to spolupr\u00e1ci pomoci, nicm\u00e9n\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159. \u0159\u00eddit rozli\u010dn\u00e9 programy a projekty spolupr\u00e1ce v\u00a0t\u011bchto dvou oblastech.<\/p>\n

Sd\u011blen\u00ed Komise navazuje na tzv. obrann\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek z\u00a0roku 2009 i dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 dokumenty a v\u00a0sedmi bodech shrnuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed priority pro rok 2013. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou zcela nov\u00e9, mnoh\u00e9 se v\u0161ak v\u00a0agend\u011b objevuj\u00ed ji\u017e od poloviny 90. let. Komise se ve Sd\u011blen\u00ed dot\u00fdk\u00e1 i tak delik\u00e1tn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, jakou jsou vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje a v\u00fddaje na obranu, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0re\u017eii jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 zde, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fddaj\u016f jde do person\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f m\u00edsto do po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed modern\u00edho vybaven\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumu orientovan\u00e9ho na pokrok. Vzhledem k\u00a0politick\u00e9 citlivosti t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zky se v\u0161ak Komise vyvarovala jak\u00fdchkoli doporu\u010den\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti obrann\u00e9 politiky a rozpo\u010dt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Komise se zam\u011b\u0159ila na mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky a technologie s\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm i pro obranu, nebo\u0165 by jejich podporou mohla doc\u00edlit pos\u00edlen\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce pr\u016fmyslu a obrany. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se takov\u00fdm krok\u016fm Komise br\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 obavy, \u017ee se Komise sna\u017e\u00ed nadm\u00edru posilovat sv\u00e9 pravomoci v\u00a0obrann\u00e9 politice, kter\u00e1 spad\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo pod jejich rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezi nov\u00e9 priority pak pat\u0159\u00ed snahy v\u00a0oblasti zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti dod\u00e1vek surovin a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed civiln\u00edch kapacit obrann\u00e9 politiky. Nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 ne\u017e souhlasit s\u00a0autorov\u00fdm n\u00e1zorem, \u017ee Sd\u011blen\u00ed Komise sice nen\u00ed p\u0159evratn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem, ale kone\u010dn\u011b poskytuje bohatou \u0161k\u00e1lu t\u00e9mat, idej\u00ed a iniciativ (obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0oblasti energetiky) na hlub\u0161\u00ed promy\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\n

Opom\u00edjen\u00e1 str\u00e1nka bankovn\u00ed unie: P\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho finan\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/a><\/h1>\n

The neglected side of banking union: reshaping Europe\u2019s financial system<\/i><\/h3>\n

Andr\u00e9 Sapir a Guntram B. Wolff; Bruegel<\/h3>\n

V dob\u011b p\u0159ed kriz\u00ed se evropsk\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed trh st\u00e1val postupn\u011b \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce integrovan\u00fdm, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0oblasti euroz\u00f3ny. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm projevem bylo intenzivn\u00ed propojen\u00ed mezibankovn\u00edho trhu. Ostatn\u00ed slo\u017eky finan\u010dn\u00edch trh\u016f jako retailov\u00e9 bankovnictv\u00ed, akciov\u00e9 trhy nebo trh firemn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f z\u016fstaly roz\u0161t\u011bpen\u00e9 podle st\u00e1tn\u00edch hranic. Pokud doch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0f\u00faz\u00edm, tak sp\u00ed\u0161e pouze v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee v\u00a0d\u016fsledku krize do\u0161lo ke zvr\u00e1cen\u00ed trendu i v\u00a0t\u011bch oblastech, kde integrace prob\u00edhala (zamrznut\u00ed mezibankovn\u00edho trhu). Celkov\u011b je finan\u010dn\u00ed integrace v\u00a0Evrop\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00a0tom ohledu, \u017ee podm\u00ednky pro financov\u00e1n\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9 ekonomiky se v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje konvergenci v\u00a0oblasti zam\u011bstnanosti i ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnosti celkov\u011b.<\/p>\n

Proto by se reforma evropsk\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch trh\u016f m\u011bla zam\u011b\u0159it zejm\u00e9na na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jejich fragmentace, aby firmy i dom\u00e1cnosti m\u011bly lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm. Prvn\u00edm takov\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality bankovn\u00edch aktiv v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Jednotn\u00e9ho dohledov\u00e9ho mechanismu. \u017divotaschopn\u00e9 banky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt rekapitalizov\u00e1ny ze soukrom\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, ty ne\u017eivotaschopn\u00e9 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt restrukturalizov\u00e1ny i skrze prodeje a f\u00faze. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra bankovn\u00ed integrace by tak\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 odbourala nezdrav\u00e9 propojen\u00ed mezi vl\u00e1dami a bankami. Posledn\u00edm bodem je vytvo\u0159en\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edho trhu s akciemi a firemn\u00edmi dluhopisy. Ten by sice \u017e\u00e1dal dal\u0161\u00ed harmonizaci, ale tak\u00e9 by zv\u00fd\u0161il schopnost absorbovat \u0161oky a zlep\u0161il by finan\u010dn\u00ed stabilitu.<\/p>\n

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T\u0159i eseje o rovnosti pohlav\u00ed a zam\u011bstnanosti v\u00a0Evrop\u011b:<\/h1>\n

Kdo bude \u010distit toalety v\u00a0rovnopr\u00e1vn\u00e9, prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed Evrop\u011b?<\/a><\/h1>\n

Who is going to clean the toilets in an equal, prosperous Europe?<\/i><\/h3>\n

Nat O\u2019Connor; Foundation for European Progressive Studies<\/h3>\n

Aneb: Jak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky jsou t\u0159eba pro vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se s\u00a0nezam\u011bstnanost\u00ed mlad\u00fdch a nejistotou prov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed zam\u011bstnanost \u017een? Autor \u010dl\u00e1nku zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee nesta\u010d\u00ed usilovat o kvantitu pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Kvalita zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed hraje v\u00fdznamnou roli, proto\u017ee to, kter\u00e9 zam\u011bstnanci neposkytuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed uspokojen\u00ed z\u00a0pr\u00e1ce, nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti k\u00fd\u017een\u00fd rozvoj. Skrze spr\u00e1vn\u011b veden\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky lze dos\u00e1hnout nejen v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rovnosti pohlav\u00ed v\u00a0zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 kvalitn\u00edho a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1t p\u0159itom nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nutn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00fd. Jednak je mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout jej pomoc\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f v\u00a0r\u00e1mci spole\u010dnosti, jednak soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1ny sp\u00ed\u0161e jako v\u00fdnosn\u00e1 investice do ekonomick\u00e9ho r\u016fstu ne\u017e jako polo\u017eka ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ekonomick\u00e1 krize a rovnost pohlav\u00ed v Evrop\u011b<\/a><\/h1>\n

Economic crisis and gender equality in Europe<\/i><\/h3>\n

Marcella Corsi; Foundation for European Progressive Studies<\/h3>\n

\u00darove\u0148 genderov\u00e9 nerovnosti v\u00a0zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed se b\u011bhem sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 krize paradoxn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila. Ne v\u0161ak proto, \u017ee by \u017eeny dos\u00e1hly lep\u0161\u00edch pracovn\u00edch a platov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. D\u016fvodem je prost\u00fd fakt, \u017ee \u017eeny jsou mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto zam\u011bstn\u00e1ny ve v\u00fdrob\u011b, stavebnictv\u00ed a finan\u010dnictv\u00ed, tedy odv\u011btv\u00edch nejh\u016f\u0159e zasa\u017een\u00fdch propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm. Fenom\u00e9nem sou\u010dasn\u00e9 krize je, \u017ee nam\u00edsto \u017een postihla nejv\u00edce mlad\u00e9 lidi a imigranty. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b jej\u00ed dopady na rovnopr\u00e1vn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed \u017een, co se t\u00fd\u010de zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, jsou i tak zna\u010dn\u00e9. Svou roli v\u00a0tom hraje i neuv\u00e1\u017een\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed konsolidace, jej\u00ed\u017e dopady mnohdy vedou k zhor\u0161en\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u017een na trhu pr\u00e1ce. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fddaje st\u00e1tu by proto m\u011bly b\u00fdt investov\u00e1ny do zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a pe\u010dovatelsk\u00e9 infrastruktury sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e do infrastruktury fyzick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Modelem rodiny dvoj\u00ed \u017eivitel \/ troj\u00ed pe\u010dovatel<\/i> k obnoven\u00ed solidarity<\/a><\/h1>\n

Towards a dual-earner \/ triple-carer model of the family for renewed solidarities<\/i><\/h3>\n

Jerome De Henau; Foundation for European Progressive Studies<\/h3>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 komise se p\u0159i snaze sni\u017eovat nerovnosti v zam\u011bstnanosti mezi \u017eenami a mu\u017ei st\u00e1le v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159uje na podporu rovn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti<\/i>, tedy sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na partnerovi (mu\u017ei \u017eiviteli) stejn\u011b tak jako na st\u00e1tu poskytuj\u00edc\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed. Model dvoj\u00ed \u017eivitel \/ troj\u00ed pe\u010dovatel <\/i>popisuje ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podobu rodinn\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed rovnost pohlav\u00ed. Ve\u0159ejn\u011b poskytovan\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti a kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 mate\u0159sk\u00e1 stejn\u011b jako otcovsk\u00e1 dovolen\u00e1 (dob\u0159e placen\u00e1 a zaru\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsto) napom\u00e1h\u00e1 rovnosti pohlav\u00ed, podporuje zam\u011bstnanost \u017een a zapojuje otce do p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti. O d\u00edt\u011b pe\u010duj\u00ed po kr\u00e1tkou dobu oba rodi\u010de rovnom\u011brn\u011b, pot\u00e9 nastupuj\u00ed oba do zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed (odtud dvoj\u00ed \u017eivitel) a p\u00e9\u010di o d\u00edt\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uje st\u00e1t (jako t\u0159et\u00ed pe\u010dovatel). Naproti tomu v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 praxi hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 modely spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0dlouh\u00e9, av\u0161ak \u0161patn\u011b placen\u00e9 rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9 dovolen\u00e9, ur\u010den\u00e9 pouze \u017een\u00e1m, nerovnost ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti mezi pohlav\u00edmi prohlubuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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\u0160\u0165astn\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed? Evropsko- tureck\u00fd vztah slav\u00ed 50 let<\/a><\/h1>\n

Happy Anniversary? EU-Turkey relations at age 50<\/i><\/h3>\n

European Stability Initiative<\/h3>\n

Je to ji\u017e 50 let, co byla podeps\u00e1na Dohoda o p\u0159idru\u017een\u00ed mezi Evropsk\u00fdm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm spole\u010denstv\u00edm (dnes Evropskou uni\u00ed) a Tureckem, nazvanou Dohoda Ankara, s\u00a0c\u00edlem podporovat vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 posilov\u00e1n\u00ed obchodn\u00edch a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch vztah\u016f mezi t\u011bmito subjekty. Za tuto dobu pro\u0161lo Turecko bou\u0159liv\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem. Co ale tato 50 let star\u00e1 dohoda znamen\u00e1 pro novou generaci Turk\u016f (podle statistik je 31 milion\u016f obyvatel mlad\u0161\u00edch 24 let), kte\u0159\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed jeden z\u00a0nejmlad\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f?<\/p>\n

Tato mlad\u00e1 generace je nejvzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed generac\u00ed v\u00a0historii Turecka. V\u00fdvoj za posledn\u00ed dek\u00e1du uk\u00e1zal n\u011bkolik zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel: Nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u010det vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fdch student\u016f, kter\u00fd se za posledn\u00edch 12 let v\u00edce ne\u017e ztrojn\u00e1sobil (z 1 milion\u016f na 3,5 milionu student\u016f), \u010di nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u00fddaje na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se zv\u011bt\u0161ily skoro dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b (z 9 % na 16 % v\u00fddaj\u016f z\u00a0rozpo\u010dtu). Takov\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla hovo\u0159\u00ed jasn\u011b a ukazuj\u00ed velk\u00fd hlad mlad\u00fdch Turk\u016f po vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenka ankarsk\u00e9 dohody byla, \u017ee mobilita a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 interakce povedou k\u00a0r\u016fstu a prosperit\u011b. To se ale p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neda\u0159\u00ed. Za posledn\u00ed dek\u00e1du se po\u010det student\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed za hranice, prakticky nezm\u011bnil a studenti ani p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nevyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed programu Erasmus. A nen\u00ed to jen ot\u00e1zka student\u016f, ale obecn\u011b cel\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 generace, kter\u00e1 nem\u00e1 prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd kontakt s\u00a0EU. Podobn\u011b je na tom cel\u00e9 tureck\u00e9 obyvatelstvo. 50. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed dohody z Ankary je vhodn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro EU i Turecko, aby naplnily my\u0161lenku voln\u00e9ho pohybu a otev\u0159ely sv\u00e9 hranice.<\/p>\n

Abychom pochopili pevnost vazeb vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch mezi EU a Tureckem, sta\u010d\u00ed srovnat tento vztah s turbulentn\u00edm v\u00fdvojem vztah\u016f Turecka s ostatn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi v uplynul\u00fdch p\u011bti letech. Rozvod mezi Tureckem a EU ji\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd. Tato v\u00fdzva European Stability Initiative m\u00e1 jednoduch\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed: \u201eNejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak si p\u0159ipomenout toto v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed, je ned\u00edvat se do minulosti, ale do budoucnosti.\u201c<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd slib pro Evropu: Jak dok\u00e1\u017eou volby zastavit EUrozi<\/a><\/h1>\n

A New Promise for Europe: How the elections to the European Parliament can stop Eurosion<\/i><\/h2>\n

Olaf Cramme, Arian Meyer and Jo Ritzen; Policy Network<\/h3>\n

Volby do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu v roce 2014 nesou zna\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Mohou urychlit EUrozi pos\u00edlen\u00edm nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho statu quo, kter\u00fd polarizuje Evropany kolem politick\u00e9 d\u011bl\u00edc\u00ed linie: \u00faspory oproti r\u016fstu, \u201esever\u201c versus \u201ejih\u201c, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jem versus z\u00e1jem evropsk\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed politick\u00e1 uskupen\u00ed se d\u011bl\u00ed pohledem na evropskou spolupr\u00e1ci a integraci, rostouc\u00edm po\u010dtem euroskeptick\u00e9 a protievropsk\u00e9 s\u00edly; n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v odstran\u011bn\u00ed eura, ale tak\u00e9 v d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 spole\u010densko-ekonomick\u00e9 pil\u00ed\u0159e dne\u0161n\u00ed Unie. Populismus a euroskepticismus to nikdy nem\u011bly tak snadn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdkonnost Evropy v posledn\u00edch 70 letech v oblasti hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu a p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 konvergence byla mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1.\u00a0 Za toto obdob\u00ed si Evropa pro\u0161la n\u011bkolika krizemi. Jak\u00e9 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt priority \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, aby se tomu vyhnuly? Je to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: 1) dynami\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Evropa pln\u00e9 zam\u011bstnanosti, 2) konkurenceschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Evropa, 3) rovnost\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 Evropa, 4) zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Evropa.<\/p>\n

Jak se d\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed EUrozi? Je nutn\u00e9, aby si politick\u00e9 strany uv\u011bdomily, \u017ee krize eura nen\u00ed “jen” hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 a finan\u010dn\u00ed krize, ale ji\u017e d\u00e1vno se stala kriz\u00ed politickou. Politick\u00e9 strany \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edc\u00ed se voleb do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu v roce 2014 by proto m\u011bly poskytovat sv\u00fdm voli\u010d\u016fm mnohem jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o tom, jak\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pokrok m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dosa\u017een v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, jak\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 koordinace a integrace je tedy nutn\u00e1 na podporu takov\u00e9 agendy, a jak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt politick\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost zaru\u010dena tak, aby demokratick\u00e1 politika z\u00edskala novou vitalitu v EU. Pozitivn\u00ed kampa\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee zaznamenat podstatn\u00fd rozd\u00edl. Evropa pot\u0159ebuje siln\u00fd mand\u00e1t na reformu.<\/p>\n

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\u201eLisabonizace\u201c Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu: Zhodnocen\u00ed pokroku, nedostatk\u016f a v\u00fdzev demokratick\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti v\u00a0Prostoru svobody, bezpe\u010dnosti a pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/h1>\n

The \u2018Lisbonisation\u2019 of the European Parliament: Assessing progress, shortcomings and challenges for democratic accountability in the area of freedom, security and justice<\/i><\/h3>\n

Sergio Carrera, Nicholas Hernanz, Joanna Parkin; The Centre for European Policy Studies<\/h3>\n

Vstupem Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy v\u00a0platnost 1. prosince 2009 se postaven\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu (EP) v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Prostoru svobody, bezpe\u010dnosti a pr\u00e1va pom\u011brn\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnilo. Zaprv\u00e9, Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva zru\u0161ila t\u0159\u00edpil\u00ed\u0159ovou strukturu EU, co\u017e m\u00e1 d\u016fsledky i pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed Prostoru svobody, bezpe\u010dnosti a pr\u00e1va. P\u0159\u00edprava legislativy v\u00a0oblasti spravedlnosti a vnit\u0159n\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed byla od platnosti Amsterdamsk\u00e9 smlouvy rozd\u011blena mezi prvn\u00ed (voln\u00fd pohyb, migrace, azyl apod.) a t\u0159et\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159 (policejn\u00ed a soudn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce v\u00a0trestn\u00edch v\u011bcech). Nyn\u00ed ji\u017e toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed neplat\u00ed a krom\u011b n\u011bkolika v\u00fdjimek spad\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava legislativy v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti pod tzv. Metodu Spole\u010denstv\u00ed[1]<\/a>. Druhou a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojenou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnou, kterou Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva pro EP p\u0159inesla, je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u201eb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed procedury\u201c (d\u0159\u00edve procedura spolurozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed) na mnoho oblast\u00ed Prostoru svobody, bezpe\u010dnosti a pr\u00e1va (nap\u0159. leg\u00e1ln\u00ed migrace, policejn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce). V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b legislativy v\u00a0t\u011bchto oblastech byl EP doposud zapojen jen minim\u00e1ln\u011b, ale Lisabonskou smlouvou se stal rovnopr\u00e1vn\u00fdm legislativn\u00edm partnerem Rad\u011b i v\u00a0t\u011bchto oblastech. Posledn\u00ed zm\u011bnou je fakt, \u017ee EP pos\u00edlil i v\u00a0oblasti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv a dohod (a to i t\u011bch spadaj\u00edc\u00edch pod Prostor svobody, bezpe\u010dnosti a pr\u00e1va), k\u00a0jejich\u017e p\u0159ijet\u00ed je nyn\u00ed pot\u0159eba jeho souhlasu.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem t\u011bchto zm\u011bn je to, \u017ee V\u00fdbor EP pro ob\u010dansk\u00e9 svobody, spravedlnost a vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u011bci (LIBE) je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za p\u0159\u00edpravu legislativy a demokratickou kontrolu v\u00a0\u0161irok\u00e9m spektru politik v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Prostoru svobody, bezpe\u010dnosti a pr\u00e1va. V\u00fdbor EP pro ob\u010dansk\u00e9 svobody, spravedlnost a vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u011bci se po vstupu Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy v\u00a0platnost adaptoval na novou roli, kompetence a pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fd institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec obecn\u011b. V\u00fdsledkem byla lep\u0161\u00ed demokratick\u00e1 kontrola legislativy p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci budov\u00e1n\u00ed Prostoru svobody, bezpe\u010dnosti a pr\u00e1va a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na podporu z\u00e1kladn\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v b\u011bhem (legislativn\u00edho) budov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto prostoru.\u00a0 Cel\u00fd EP i jeho V\u00fdbor pro ob\u010dansk\u00e9 svobody, spravedlnost a vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u011bci v\u0161ak mus\u00ed v\u00a0obdob\u00ed po \u201eLisabonu\u201c \u010delit n\u011bkolika v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 po zm\u011bn\u00e1ch prim\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va vyvstaly. Jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o meziinstitucion\u00e1ln\u00ed rozep\u0159e a t\u0159enice, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee ani Komise, ani Rada EU si doposud pln\u011b nezvykly na pos\u00edlen\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed EP v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti. Jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o spory mezi institucemi EU t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se spolupr\u00e1ce Unie se\u00a0Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty americk\u00fdmi v\u00a0boji proti terorismu (SWIFT; dohoda o \u00fadaj\u00edch jmenn\u00e9 evidence cestuj\u00edc\u00edch mezi EU a Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty) a ohledn\u011b Schengensk\u00e9ho acquis (revize schengensk\u00e9ho<\/em> hodnot\u00edc\u00edho mechanismu).<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n

Druhou v\u00fdzvou, kter\u00e1 sm\u011b\u0159uje tentokr\u00e1t na EP samotn\u00fd, je fakt, \u017ee jako v\u00fdsledek procesu adaptace na nov\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed pravomoci si Parlament internalizoval pracovn\u00ed metody d\u0159\u00edve typick\u00e9 pro Komisi a Radu, tedy nabral trend sm\u011brem k\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilit\u011b, neform\u00e1ln\u00edm dohod\u00e1m a brzk\u00fdm kompromisn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, technokratizaci a depolitizaci intern\u00edch pracovn\u00edch postup\u016f. Tyto nov\u00e9 intern\u00ed pracovn\u00ed postupy jsou \u010das od \u010dasu v\u00a0rozporu s transparentnost\u00ed, odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed a podporou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v, tedy faktory, kter\u00e9 by do rozhodovac\u00edho procesu (nejen) v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Prostoru svobody, bezpe\u010dnosti a pr\u00e1va m\u011bl p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et pr\u00e1v\u011b EP. Jak se s\u00a0t\u011bmito v\u00fdzvami vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se dozv\u00edte ve studii <\/em>Sergio Carrery a jeho koleg\u016f.<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Metodou Spole\u010denstv\u00ed se rozum\u00ed obvykl\u00fd rozhodovac\u00ed postup EU, v jeho\u017e r\u00e1mci Komise p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1vrh Rad\u011b a Parlamentu, kter\u00e9 jej projednaj\u00ed, navrhnou zm\u011bny a rozhodnou o jeho p\u0159ijet\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se z n\u011bj stane pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis Spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Co je to “lisabonizace” a co s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed? Jak\u00e1 je opom\u00edjen\u00e1 str\u00e1nka bankovn\u00ed unie? A jak mohou volby do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu v roce 2014 pomoci zastavit “EUrozi”?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5028","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nJak zabr\u00e1nit \u201eEUrozi\u201c - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/jak-zabranit-eurozi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak zabr\u00e1nit \u201eEUrozi\u201c - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Co je to “lisabonizace” a co s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed? Jak\u00e1 je opom\u00edjen\u00e1 str\u00e1nka bankovn\u00ed unie? 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