{"id":5013,"date":"2013-07-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/co-je-spatne-s-evropskou-komisi-a-nebude-chorvatsko-spise-rizikem-2\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T11:59:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T09:59:41","slug":"co-je-spatne-s-evropskou-komisi-a-nebude-chorvatsko-spise-rizikem-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/co-je-spatne-s-evropskou-komisi-a-nebude-chorvatsko-spise-rizikem-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je \u0161patn\u011b s Evropskou komis\u00ed? A nebude Chorvatsko sp\u00ed\u0161e rizikem?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1 Unie u\u017e dost roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed? A je tlak na zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mlad\u00fdch vhodn\u011b na\u010dasov\u00e1n? P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme v\u00fdb\u011br nejlep\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch think-tank\u016f za posledn\u00ed t\u00fdden.<\/p>\n

Co je \u0161patn\u011b s\u00a0Evropskou komis\u00ed?<\/a><\/h1>\n

What is wrong with the European Commission?<\/em><\/h3>\n

Charles Grant; Centre for European Reform<\/h3>\n

Jedna z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed, kterou Evropsk\u00e1 komise dozajista je, je v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech su\u017eov\u00e1na mnoh\u00fdmi neduhy. Nejen\u017ee ztratila popularitu u vl\u00e1d \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU, ale ji\u017e nen\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 ani mezi voli\u010di. P\u0159ed dvaceti lety k\u00a0n\u00ed bylo vzhl\u00ed\u017eeno jako k\u00a0instituci, kter\u00e1 ur\u010duje evropskou agendu a stav\u00ed se do \u010dela p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed kriz\u00ed, ale dnes u\u017e se od n\u00ed m\u00e1lokdo odva\u017euje n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho o\u010dek\u00e1vat. Ze v\u0161ech stran skl\u00edz\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kritiky, tu za ne\u010dinnost, jinde za p\u0159\u00edli\u0161nou iniciativu, d\u016fslednou regulaci nebo p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 pravomoci. O\u010dividn\u011b se nem\u016f\u017ee zavd\u011b\u010dit v\u0161em, a s\u00a0nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edm po\u010dtem \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f by bylo bl\u00e1hov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtat se zlep\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st \u00fakol\u016f byla Lisabonskou smlouvou p\u0159evedena od Komise na nov\u011b z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho st\u00e1l\u00e9ho p\u0159edsedu Evropsk\u00e9 rady a funkci Vysok\u00e9ho p\u0159edstavitele Unie pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bci a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiku. B\u011bhem hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize v\u0161ak Komise pos\u00edlila sv\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u00ed pravomoci skrze dohled nad n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi ekonomikami, ale jej\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost a postaven\u00ed nad\u00e1le upadaly. S\u00a0posilov\u00e1n\u00edm pravomoc\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm procedury spolurozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed nav\u00edc hroz\u00ed politizace p\u016fvodn\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 Komise. Parlament, snadn\u00fd c\u00edl lobbyist\u016f a nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed v\u00a0EU, toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok po volb\u00e1ch blokovat n\u00e1vrh Evropsk\u00e9 rady na p\u0159edsedu Komise, dokud nebude po jeho.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0prevenci takov\u00e9 politizace, dal\u0161\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty vlivu a nez\u00e1vislosti, a zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9mu prov\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed Komise s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi institucemi v\u00a0EU v\u0161ak nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba hned smluvn\u00ed nebo institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed reformy. Sta\u010dila by shoda vl\u00e1dn\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f o pos\u00edlen\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti Komise v\u00fdb\u011brem opravdu siln\u00fdch politick\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed do funkce komisa\u0159\u016f a jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho politika do funkce jej\u00edho p\u0159edsedy. Jasn\u00fd mand\u00e1t pro siln\u00fd t\u00fdm by pomohl Komisi udr\u017eet si nez\u00e1vislost na Parlamentu. Za zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed by v\u0161ak st\u00e1ly i hlub\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny jako nap\u0159. p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed Parlamentu v\u016f\u010di Komisi nebo reorganizace kabinetu komisa\u0159\u016f na seniory a juniory, \u010dili jak\u00e9si m\u00edstop\u0159edsedy-mana\u017eery a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky, co\u017e by zjednodu\u0161ilo pr\u00e1ci Komise.<\/p>\n

\n

Existuj\u00ed podstatn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v kvalit\u011b zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi \u201estarou\u201c a \u201enovou\u201c Evropou?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Are there significant differences in quality of work and employment between \u2018old\u2019 and \u2018new\u2019 Europe?<\/em><\/h2>\n

Ram\u00f3n Pe\u00f1a-Casas; European Social Observatory<\/h3>\n

Pot\u00e9, co se Evropsk\u00e1 unie prom\u011bnila z \u201epatn\u00e1ctky\u201c v \u201esedmadvac\u00edtku\u201c, se na jist\u00fd \u010das stalo obl\u00edben\u00fdm hovo\u0159it o \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech jako o \u201estar\u00fdch\u201c a \u201enov\u00fdch\u201c. Studie Ram\u00f3na Pe\u00f1a-Casase hodnot\u00ed, zda m\u00e1 s\u00a0odstupem n\u011bkolika let toto ban\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u011blen\u00ed st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed. Pomoc\u00ed komparativn\u00ed empirick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy hled\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku, zda lze mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi skupinami \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f naj\u00edt z\u0159eteln\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v\u00a0kvalit\u011b pr\u00e1ce a zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty d\u011bl\u00ed do \u0161esti skupin:\u00a0Anglosask\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0(Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, Irsko),Skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9\u00a0<\/em>(D\u00e1nsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko, Finsko),\u00a0Kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0<\/em>(Francie, N\u011bmecko, Rakousko, Belgie, Nizozemsko, Lucembursko),\u00a0St\u0159edozemn\u00ed\u00a0<\/em>(\u0160pan\u011blsko, It\u00e1lie, Portugalsko, \u0158ecko, Kypr, Malta),\u00a0Zem\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy\u00a0<\/em>(\u010cesko, Slovensko, Ma\u010farsko, Polsko, Slovinsko, Estonsko, Loty\u0161sko, Litva) a samostatn\u011b stoj\u00ed\u00a0Rumunsko a Bulharsko<\/em>. S\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou Malty a Kypru lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee st\u00e1t\u016fm \u201estar\u00e9\u201c Evropy pat\u0159\u00ed prvn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i kategorie a \u201enov\u00fdm\u201c \u010dlen\u016fm zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed dv\u011b. Postupn\u011b je detailn\u011b analyzov\u00e1no \u0161est kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch aspekt\u016f kvality zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00a0nich\u017e je n\u00e1sledn\u011b sestaven souhrnn\u00fd index.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bry pr\u00e1ce jednozna\u010dn\u011b pop\u00edraj\u00ed vhodnost \u0161katulkov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f EU na \u201estar\u00e9\u201c a \u201enov\u00e9\u201c. Zat\u00edmco\u00a0Skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e1<\/em>\u00a0skupina prok\u00e1zala zcela nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvalitu zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1sledov\u00e1na s\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm odstupem\u00a0Anglosaskou<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0Kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0skupinou,\u00a0St\u0159edozemn\u00ed<\/em>\u201estar\u00e9\u201c \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty dopadly jednozna\u010dn\u011b mnohem h\u016f\u0159e ne\u017e osm \u201enov\u00fdch\u201c\u00a0Zem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy<\/em>. Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed kvalita zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed je pak v\u00a0Rumunsku a Bulharsku<\/em>. Co se t\u00fd\u010de srovn\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 je zejm\u00e9na um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed \u010ceska v\u00a0\u010dele tabulky, hned za Finskem, D\u00e1nskem a \u0160v\u00e9dskem.<\/p>\n

\n

Realistick\u00fd most k\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 bankovn\u00ed unii<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

A Realistic Bridge towards European Banking Union<\/em><\/h3>\n

Nicolas V\u00e9ron; Bruegel<\/h3>\n

Od poloviny roku 2011 d\u016fsledkem krize prob\u00edh\u00e1 fragmentace evropsk\u00e9ho finan\u010dn\u00edho prostoru. L\u00edd\u0159i euroz\u00f3ny proklamovali v\u016fli prolomit za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh mezi bankami a suver\u00e9nn\u00edm dluhem, tzv. \u201edoom loop\u201c, a to pomoc\u00ed p\u0159echodu k\u00a0bankovn\u00ed unii. Ta vy\u017eaduje p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed pravomoci bankovn\u00edho dohledu nad evropsk\u00fdm bankovn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem Evropsk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bance (ECB), a celkovou revizi z\u00e1kladn\u00edch smluv EU. Nicolas V\u00e9ron, z\u00a0think-tanku Bruegel, argumentuje, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd p\u0159echod k\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 bankovn\u00ed unii je jak nezbytn\u00fd, tak mo\u017en\u00fd. Na alegorii stavby a zpev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mostu ukazuje sled kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch, st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00fdch a dlouhodob\u00fdch politik, kter\u00e9 dovol\u00ed p\u0159eklenout bou\u0159liv\u00e9 vody odd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed Evropu od \u017eivotaschopnosti spole\u010dn\u00e9 m\u011bny, obnoven\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry v\u00a0evropsk\u00fd bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159 mostu \u2013 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f (konec roku 2013 a za\u010d\u00e1tek 2014)<\/strong>: Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU o jednotn\u00e9m mechanismu dohledu (SSM), za\u010d\u00e1tek budov\u00e1n\u00ed dohledov\u00fdch kapacit ECB, rozhodnut\u00ed ne\u010dlen\u016f euroz\u00f3ny o (ne)p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k\u00a0SSM od jeho za\u010d\u00e1tku, p\u0159ijet\u00ed sm\u011brnice o jednotn\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vklad\u016f (DGS), p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed kvality aktiv n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi autoritami a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch test\u016f, restrukturalizace podkapitalizovan\u00fdch bank financovan\u00e1 \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadnou asistenc\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho stabiliza\u010dn\u00edho mechanismu (ESM) a kone\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed dohledu ECB (pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no na druhou polovinu roku 2014).<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159 mostu \u2013 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 konstrukce<\/strong>: Pos\u00edlen\u00ed dohledov\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed ECB, dal\u0161\u00ed harmonizace bankovn\u00ed regulace a p\u0159\u00edprava revize smluv.<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159 mostu \u2013 ocelov\u00e1 konstrukce<\/strong>: Revize smluv a p\u0159echod k\u00a0permanentn\u00ed bankovn\u00ed unii, vytvo\u0159en\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho insolven\u010dn\u00edho re\u017eimu pro banky a speci\u00e1ln\u00edho org\u00e1nu k\u00a0jeho administraci, zaveden\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vklad\u016f s\u00a0adekv\u00e1tn\u00edm financov\u00e1n\u00edm a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed reforma EU (fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1, politick\u00e1 unie) k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed udr\u017eitelnosti \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho institucion\u00e1ln\u00edho a politick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce.<\/p>\n

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Chorvatsko a Evropsk\u00e1 unie<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Croatia and the EU: The Catch-Up Issue<\/em><\/h2>\n

Katarina Ott; The Centre for European Policy Studies<\/h3>\n

K 1. 7. 2013 p\u0159istoupilo do Evropsk\u00e9 unie Chorvatsko jako 28. st\u00e1t. Tomuto p\u0159istoupen\u00ed dlouho br\u00e1nila p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zaslepen\u00e1 politika chorvatsk\u00e9ho prezidenta a jeho strany, stejn\u011b jako vysok\u00e1 cena, kterou muselo Chorvatsko zaplatit za v\u00e1lku z po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let.<\/p>\n

Od za\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch rozhovor\u016f urazilo Chorvatsko velk\u00fd kus cesty sm\u011brem ke spole\u010dn\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m jako je otev\u0159enost ob\u010dan\u016fm, d\u016fraz na demokracii, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sad pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, d\u016fv\u011bra ve vl\u00e1du a podobn\u011b. Zem\u011b se stala liber\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zlep\u0161ila konkurenceschopnost, sn\u00ed\u017eila nezam\u011bstnanost a potla\u010dila \u010dernou ekonomiku. I po p\u0159istoupen\u00ed mus\u00ed v\u0161ak Chorvatsko pokra\u010dovat v reform\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se korupc\u00ed a prosazov\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Chorvatsko m\u00e1 ale je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le co doh\u00e1n\u011bt. Je pozadu se spln\u011bn\u00edm strategie Evropa 2020. Zapot\u0159eb\u00ed je zlep\u0161it vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, produktivitu, a i p\u0159es v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 nad\u00e1le sni\u017eovat m\u00edru nezam\u011bstnanosti, kter\u00e1 nyn\u00ed dosahuje 18 % (pr\u016fm\u011br EU je 11 %). Nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee HDP Chorvatska je na 61 % pr\u016fm\u011bru EU a zaost\u00e1v\u00e1 v ukazatel\u00edch t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v \u010di svobody tisku.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhody, kter\u00e9 plynou pro Chorvatsko z \u010dlenstv\u00ed v EU, budou z\u00e1le\u017eet \u010dist\u011b na jeho vlastn\u00edch strategi\u00edch a aktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti v evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00edch. Neschopnost a v\u00e1havost p\u0159edchoz\u00edch v\u016fdc\u016f Chorvatska by m\u011bly b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u00fdm ponau\u010den\u00edm pro ty sou\u010dasn\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fd mand\u00e1t k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdch reforem. M\u011bli by se dr\u017eet hesla: \u201eChcete-li m\u00edt v\u0161e, mus\u00edte pro to tak\u00e9 v\u0161e ud\u011blat\u201c. Jinak m\u016f\u017ee Chorvatsko skon\u010dit mezi zem\u011bmi, chycen\u00fdmi do pasti stagnace a odlivu mozk\u016f.<\/p>\n

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Evropa a\u00a0jej\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed: Sta\u010d\u00ed\u2026 nebo chceme dal\u0161\u00ed?<\/a><\/h1>\n

\u201cEurope\u201d and its \u201cenlargements\u201d: Enough… or do we want more?<\/em><\/h3>\n

Sami Andoura and Yves Bertoncini; Notre Europe \u2013 Jacques Delors Institute<\/h3>\n

Po evropsk\u00e9 krizi, kter\u00e1 nepochybn\u011b oslabila \u201eimage\u201c Evropsk\u00e9 unie jak zvenku, tak\u00a0zevnit\u0159, se Unie st\u00e1v\u00e1 op\u011bt centrem pozornosti. D\u016fvody jsou z\u0159ejm\u00e9. Chorvatsk\u00e9 \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unii a\u00a0 nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed Litevsk\u00e9 \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0euroz\u00f3n\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky Evropsk\u00e9 unie je politika roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Unie o\u00a0Chorvatsko toto stanovisko potvrzuje. O\u00a0strategii roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1s tak\u00e9 utvrzuje fakt, \u017ee Evropsk\u00e1 unie uva\u017euje o\u00a0kandid\u00e1tech jako Makedonie, \u010cern\u00e1 Hora, Srbsko, Island, Turecko. Dal\u0161\u00edmi potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi kandid\u00e1ty na \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unii jsou Alb\u00e1nie, Bosna a Hercegovina a Kosovo.<\/p>\n

Tato politika umo\u017e\u0148uje Evropsk\u00e9 unii p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke stabilit\u011b a\u00a0k\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji zna\u010dn\u00e9mu po\u010dtu sv\u00fdch soused\u016f, zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy. S\u00a0nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edm po\u010dtem \u010dlen\u016f je v\u0161ak pot\u0159eba zp\u0159\u00edsnit n\u011bkter\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159ovac\u00ed strategie je podm\u00edn\u011bno \u00fapravou pr\u00e1vn\u00edch, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a politick\u00fdch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f. Vzhledem k\u00a0intenzivn\u00edm spor\u016fm, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b jako Bulharsko, \u0158ecko, Kypr a Rumunsko, se na Evropskou unii val\u00ed kritika, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bna. Evropsk\u00e1 unie se proto rozhodla, \u017ee nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed \u010dleny bude p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontrolovat nejen p\u0159i vstupu, ale i dlouhodob\u011b po vstupu zem\u011b do EU.<\/p>\n

\n

D\u00edlky puzzle: kyberbezpe\u010dnost, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lka a budoucnost spr\u00e1vy internetu<\/a><\/h1>\n

The puzzle in the bits: Cybersecurity, digital warfare and the future of Internet governance.<\/em><\/h2>\n

Andrea Renda; The Centre for European Policy Studies<\/h3>\n

Kyberbezpe\u010dnost se st\u00e1v\u00e1 jednou z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek pro rozvinut\u00e9 ekonomiky s\u00a0jejich rostouc\u00ed z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na mno\u017estv\u00ed internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e. Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee s\u00a0rostouc\u00ed z\u00e1vislost\u00ed geometricky roste mno\u017estv\u00ed hrozeb. Jak ukazuj\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed statistiky, mno\u017estv\u00ed \u00fatok\u016f se zvy\u0161uje i na platform\u00e1ch pro mobiln\u00ed telefony. Dal\u0161\u00edm aspektem je, \u017ee za kyber\u00fatoky nestoj\u00ed pouze krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny, ale m\u016f\u017eeme hovo\u0159it o sice ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pop\u00edran\u00e9 a ve\u0159ejnosti p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b skryt\u00e9, ale skute\u010dn\u00e9 studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a \u010c\u00ednou. Existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee za \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f na v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b stoj\u00ed tajn\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 jednotka nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00a0\u0160anghaji. Jako reakci na ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj m\u016f\u017eeme \u010d\u00edst z\u00e1kon schv\u00e1len\u00fd Kongresem USA v\u00a0b\u0159eznu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku, kter\u00fd z\u00e1sadn\u011b zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148uje n\u00e1kup hardwaru z \u010c\u00edny pro americk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce (nap\u0159. NASA, Ministerstvo spravedlnosti apod.) I prezident Obama se nep\u0159\u00edmo ve\u0159ejn\u011b ohradil proti t\u011bmto \u00fatok\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Technologicky voln\u00e1 struktura internetu utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jeho svobodn\u00fd a demokratick\u00fd charakter (s dopadem i do sv\u011bta re\u00e1ln\u00e9 politiky, jako nap\u0159. v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 role soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed b\u011bhem arabsk\u00e9ho jara), av\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 znemo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u011b zamezit nez\u00e1konn\u00fdm \u010dinnostem. Ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed, m\u00e1me udr\u017eet neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed charakter internetu, nebo omezit jeho svobodu v\u00fdm\u011bnou za vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost? T\u00e9matu komplexn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy internetu se loni v\u011bnovala mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konference v\u00a0Dubaji, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak skon\u010dila naprost\u00fdm fiaskem, proto\u017ee z\u00e1jmy jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f byly zcela protich\u016fdn\u00e9. V\u00a0praxi d\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 stav, kdy kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty spravuje kvazi-soukrom\u00e1 instituce ICANN se s\u00eddlem v\u00a0Kalifornii.\u00a0 Proto by bylo lep\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it jednotliv\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u2013 nap\u0159. z\u00e1vazkem vl\u00e1d k\u00a0boji s\u00a0kyber\u00fatoky nebo vznikem bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed modern\u00ed smart ekonomiky.<\/p>\n

Analytick\u00fd t\u00fdm<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty se dlouhodob\u011b v\u011bnuje anal\u00fdz\u00e1m (nejen) \u010desk\u00e9 pozice v Evropsk\u00e9 unii.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Pokud chcete na\u0161e dal\u0161\u00ed exkluzivn\u00ed rozhovory (nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0s Hynkem Kmon\u00ed\u010dkem<\/a>), n\u00e1zorov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky a pozv\u00e1nky na na\u0161e akce dost\u00e1vat mailem,\u00a0objednejte si zdarma<\/a>\u00a0na\u0161e pravideln\u00e9\u00a0N\u00e1zory v souvislostech<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1 Unie u\u017e dost roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed? A je tlak na zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mlad\u00fdch vhodn\u011b na\u010dasov\u00e1n? P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme v\u00fdb\u011br nejlep\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch think-tank\u016f za posledn\u00ed t\u00fdden.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nCo je \u0161patn\u011b s Evropskou komis\u00ed? 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