{"id":38927,"date":"2025-02-11T12:06:43","date_gmt":"2025-02-11T10:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=38927"},"modified":"2025-02-18T18:59:00","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T16:59:00","slug":"spiritual-neighbors-and-strategic-partners-unpacking-india-mongolia-relations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/spiritual-neighbors-and-strategic-partners-unpacking-india-mongolia-relations\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cSpiritual Neighbors\u201d and \u201cStrategic Partners\u201d: Unpacking India-Mongolia Relations"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"38927\" class=\"elementor elementor-38927\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5390be54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5390be54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37a8510c\" data-id=\"37a8510c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3df5f440 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3df5f440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Photo: Paid license from Shutterstock<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-683d5ce0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"683d5ce0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-683d5ce0{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-651c6958 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"651c6958\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d5948e2\" data-id=\"7d5948e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-53e07e1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53e07e1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-no-translation=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a406d1b\" data-id=\"5a406d1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b132253 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b132253\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>What is happening?<\/h2><p><strong>India<\/strong> and <strong>Mongolia<\/strong>\u2014two countries whose strategic posture remains highly impacted by the continued cementation of the <strong>Beijing-Moscow axis<\/strong>\u2014are expanding their <strong>strategic partnership<\/strong>, as evidenced by the early February <a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/defence\/india-mongolia-border-forces-discuss-mutual-cooperation-during-dg-level-talks\/articleshow\/118022402.cms?from=mdr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talks on <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/defence\/india-mongolia-border-forces-discuss-mutual-cooperation-during-dg-level-talks\/articleshow\/118022402.cms?from=mdr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>border protection<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong> New Delhi and Ulaanbaatar agreed to organize joint exercises and bolster bilateral cooperation on frontier protection. This development is taking place amid a <strong>broader expansion of India-Mongolia cooperation<\/strong>, which also includes a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/india-agreement-mongolia-copper-coking-coal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forthcoming deal on <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/india-agreement-mongolia-copper-coking-coal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>natural resource <\/strong><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/india-agreement-mongolia-copper-coking-coal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">procurement<\/a>\u2014Mongolian <strong>copper<\/strong> and <strong>coking coal<\/strong> could help India meet the growing demand in its power, construction, and steelmaking sectors.<\/p><p>Historically, the shared <strong>Buddhist heritage<\/strong> connected the two countries as \u201c<strong>spiritual neighbors<\/strong>.\u201d Nowadays, we increasingly see <a href=\"https:\/\/montsame.mn\/en\/read\/353993\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a strategic dimension<\/a> to this partnership. Recognizing the <strong>complicated relations<\/strong> between New Delhi and Ulaanbaatar with their common neighbor, the <strong>People\u2019s Republic of China<\/strong>, their bilateral ties play an increasingly important role in their respective \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.komatsu-u.ac.jp\/common\/images\/bulletin03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Act East<\/strong><\/a>\u201d and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcollections.sit.edu\/isp_collection\/802\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Third Neighbor<\/strong><\/a>\u201d policies.<\/p><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2>What is the broader picture?<\/h2><p>Rooted in historical ties and strengthened by <strong>strategic cooperation across multiple domains<\/strong>, the partnership between New Delhi and Ulaanbaatar is robust and continues to evolve. As Mongolia has positioned itself firmly as a pivotal partner in India\u2019s broader regional outreach, the South Asian country has increasingly prioritized its engagement with Ulaanbaatar through collaborative projects in <strong>economic, defense, and energy domains<\/strong>.<\/p><p>One of the most significant aspects of this relationship is <strong>India\u2019s role in Mongolia\u2019s economic development,<\/strong> particularly through <a href=\"https:\/\/chanakyaforum.com\/indias-development-assistance-to-mongolia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>developmental assistance<\/strong><\/a>. India has extended approximately 1 billion USD in credit to support the construction of <strong>Mongolia\u2019s first petroleum oil refinery<\/strong>, a transformative project that will enhance <strong>Ulaanbaatar\u2019s energy security<\/strong> and <strong>reduce its dependence on fuel imports<\/strong>. This initiative aligns with India\u2019s broader approach to utilizing its Lines of Credit to finance <a href=\"https:\/\/orfamerica.org\/newresearch\/india-foreign-assistance-priorities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>strategic infrastructure projects<\/strong><\/a> that <strong>bolster trade and economic ties<\/strong> with its key partners.<\/p><p><strong>Defense cooperation <\/strong>is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.financialexpress.com\/business\/defence\/india-mongolia-set-to-deepen-defence-cooperation\/3491809\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another pillar<\/a> of India-Mongolia relations, shaped in part by both nations\u2019 complex interactions with their shared neighbor, <strong>China<\/strong>. India and Mongolia engage in regular security dialogues through the <strong>India-Mongolia Joint Working Group for Defense Cooperation<\/strong>, which meets annually\u2014the most recent session being held in Ulaanbaatar in May 2024. Additionally, India has supported Mongolia\u2019s defense capabilities by assisting in the establishment of a <strong>Cyber Security Training Center<\/strong> at Mongolia\u2019s National Defense University, reinforcing bilateral security collaboration.<\/p><p><strong>Natural resources<\/strong> also play a <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2024\/12\/mongolia-eyes-india-as-third-destination-for-coal-exports\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crucial role<\/a> in strengthening India-Mongolia ties. Mongolia\u2019s economy is <strong>heavily reliant on extractive industries<\/strong>, with mining contributing approximately 23 percent of its GDP. In an effort to diversify its economic dependencies, Mongolia has sought to expand its export markets, making the forthcoming <strong>copper<\/strong> and <strong>coal trade agreements<\/strong> with India particularly valuable. Notably, both countries have agreed to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/economy\/china-ports-india-trans-siberian-rail-mongolian-coking-coal-vladivostok-russia-11729410197632.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bypass<\/a> the more direct transit route through China, instead opting to <strong>transport Mongolian resources via Russia\u2019s Vladivostok port.<\/strong> This logistical choice underscores the strategic nature of their partnership, reflecting a shared interest in reducing economic and political vulnerabilities associated with <strong>China\u2019s assertive regional posture<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Overall, India and Mongolia continue to deepen their cooperation, leveraging economic investments, defense collaboration, and resource partnerships to build a resilient and mutually beneficial relationship.<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><h2>Why does it matter?<\/h2><p>Apprehensive about the emergence of \u201cNew Cold War\u201d dynamics, Mongolian prime minister likened the growing divide between the \u201ccollective West\u201d and the Beijing-Moscow axis to <strong>a divorce.<\/strong> \u201cWhen the parents divorce, the children are the ones who get hurt the most,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/cold-war-fears-of-mongolia-caught-between-two-big-brothers-n65xkcp7m\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said<\/a> Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene. With <strong>Ulaanbaatar<\/strong> sees itself as a child of two parents who are increasingly distant, it embarks on a <strong>soft balancing against Beijing and Moscow<\/strong> in its foreign policy outreach. In turn, this highlights complementarity with <strong>India\u2019s balancing against China <\/strong>and provides fertile ground for cooperation between both countries.<\/p><p>Consequently, we can expect further expansion of relations between New Delhi and Ulaanbaatar in domains that transgress traditional linkages bridging the \u201cspiritual neighbors\u201d through shared Buddhist heritage, and broadening their substantive exchanges in light of growing regional volatility. In particular,<strong> defense industrial cooperation <\/strong>might prove to be a particularly lucrative field for both sides, considering India\u2019s comparative advantage in this domain and existing defense cooperation frameworks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photo: Paid license from Shutterstock Foto: Placen\u00e1 licence od Shutterstock What is happening? India and Mongolia\u2014two countries whose strategic posture remains highly impacted by the continued cementation of the Beijing-Moscow axis\u2014are expanding their strategic partnership, as evidenced by the early February talks on border protection. New Delhi and Ulaanbaatar agreed to organize joint exercises and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":38929,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[495],"class_list":["post-38927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-marcin-jerzewski"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u201cSpiritual Neighbors\u201d and \u201cStrategic Partners\u201d: Unpacking India-Mongolia Relations - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/spiritual-neighbors-and-strategic-partners-unpacking-india-mongolia-relations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cSpiritual Neighbors\u201d and \u201cStrategic Partners\u201d: Unpacking India-Mongolia Relations - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Photo: Paid license from Shutterstock Foto: Placen\u00e1 licence od Shutterstock What is happening? 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New Delhi and Ulaanbaatar agreed to organize joint exercises and [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/spiritual-neighbors-and-strategic-partners-unpacking-india-mongolia-relations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-11T10:06:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-18T16:59:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Marcin-IN_MN_photo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2160\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1136\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ond\u0159ej Ber\u00e1nek\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ond\u0159ej Ber\u00e1nek\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/spiritual-neighbors-and-strategic-partners-unpacking-india-mongolia-relations\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/spiritual-neighbors-and-strategic-partners-unpacking-india-mongolia-relations\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ond\u0159ej Ber\u00e1nek\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7724fb271acacd215231c937a200a510\"},\"headline\":\"\u201cSpiritual Neighbors\u201d and \u201cStrategic Partners\u201d: Unpacking India-Mongolia Relations\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-11T10:06:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-18T16:59:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/spiritual-neighbors-and-strategic-partners-unpacking-india-mongolia-relations\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1608,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/spiritual-neighbors-and-strategic-partners-unpacking-india-mongolia-relations\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/Marcin-IN_MN_photo.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Marcin Jerzewski\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/spiritual-neighbors-and-strategic-partners-unpacking-india-mongolia-relations\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/spiritual-neighbors-and-strategic-partners-unpacking-india-mongolia-relations\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u201cSpiritual Neighbors\u201d and \u201cStrategic Partners\u201d: Unpacking India-Mongolia Relations - 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