{"id":3370,"date":"2016-04-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-04-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/nizozemske-referendum-hra-o-ukrajinu-nebo-o-budoucnost-evropske-unie\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:24:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:24:10","slug":"nizozemske-referendum-hra-o-ukrajinu-nebo-o-budoucnost-evropske-unie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/nizozemske-referendum-hra-o-ukrajinu-nebo-o-budoucnost-evropske-unie\/","title":{"rendered":"Nizozemsk\u00e9 referendum:\u00a0Hra o Ukrajinu, nebo o budoucnost Evropsk\u00e9 unie?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po p\u0159\u00edpadu Na\u0161e L\u00edza<\/a>, kdy rusk\u00e1 propaganda vstoupila do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho informa\u010dn\u00edho pole N\u011bmecka a za\u010dala ovliv\u0148ovat i vnit\u0159n\u00ed procesy v\u00a0zemi, p\u0159i\u0161lo na \u0159adu Nizozemsko. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tam ve st\u0159edu 6. dubna prob\u011bhne referendum o ratifikaci Asocia\u010dn\u00ed smlouvy mezi EU a Ukrajinou. V\u00a0debat\u011b, kter\u00e1 tomuto referendu p\u0159edch\u00e1zela, byla rusk\u00e1 stopa v\u00edce ne\u017e viditeln\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e m\u00e1 referendum pouze konsultativn\u00ed charakter, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se ho z\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b 30 % opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch voli\u010d\u016f a sv\u016fj nesouhlas s\u00a0ratifikac\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 % z nich, bude takov\u00fd v\u00fdsledek p\u0159edstavovat pro holandskou vl\u00e1du velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Vysly\u0161et v\u016fli lidu bude v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b znamenat vysly\u0161et v\u016fli Moskvy.<\/p>\n

Kremelsk\u00e1 propaganda nem\u00e1 valn\u00e9ho vlivu na dob\u0159e informovanou \u010d\u00e1st spole\u010dnosti, ale ta tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed jej\u00ed c\u00edlovou skupinou. Rusko v\u00ed, \u017ee k\u00a0referendu p\u016fjde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ta \u010d\u00e1st obyvatelstva, kter\u00e1 nevid\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi ratifikac\u00ed Asocia\u010dn\u00ed dohody a \u010dlenstv\u00edm Ukrajiny v\u00a0EU, kter\u00e1 uv\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ratifikace zaplav\u00ed Holandsko miliony migrant\u016f z Ukrajiny; \u017ee Nizozem\u00ed bude vta\u017eeno do v\u00e1lky na v\u00fdchod\u011b Ukrajiny; \u017ee se ukrajinsk\u00e1 korupce bude roz\u0161i\u0159ovat do Evropy; \u017ee Ukrajina nese odpov\u011bdnost za sest\u0159elen\u00ed Boeingu 777; \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ratifikace bude Evropa \u010delit hn\u011bvu Putina; \u017ee jej\u00edm odm\u00edtnut\u00edm vlastn\u011b pom\u00e1haj\u00ed nejen sob\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi partnery Moskvy jsou i v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b euroskeptick\u00e9 strany a hnut\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu vnitroholandsk\u00e9 debaty o ratifikaci Asocia\u010dn\u00ed smlouvy s\u00a0Ukrajinou se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 Ukrajina v\u00a0n\u00ed nehraje nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli. A \u017ee t\u011bm, je\u017e iniciovali referendum (jedn\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o iniciativu GeenPeil<\/a>) o Ukrajinu ani Asocia\u010dn\u00ed smlouvu v\u016fbec nejde. Jejich opravdov\u00fdm protivn\u00edkem je Brusel a jejich hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem je vystoupen\u00ed Nizozemska z\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Ukrajina, o jej\u00edm\u017e osudu rozhoduj\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 jin\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu v\u00a0referendu, v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed subjektem dan\u00e9ho procesu. Je zajatkyn\u00ed, ale jeho ob\u011bt\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t cel\u00e1 EU.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpad je\u0161t\u011b komplikuje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok prob\u011bhnou v\u00a0Holandsku parlamentn\u00ed volby a v\u00fdsledky referenda budou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny \u010di zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny politiky s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm c\u00edlem. I kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 pouze o referendum konsultativn\u00ed, jeho v\u00fdsledky mohou v\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9 perspektiv\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat politiku nejen v\u00a0Nizozemsku, ale v\u00a0cel\u00e9 EU.\u00a0 Toto referendum nep\u0159edstavuje probl\u00e9m jen pro Ukrajinu a pro vztah Ukrajina-EU. Ostatn\u011b z\u00f3na voln\u00e9ho obchodu bude pokra\u010dovat, i kdyby Holandsko smlouvu neratifikovalo. A\u0165 u\u017e se referenda z\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 30 % voli\u010d\u016f, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich bude proti ratifikaci, bude to pro Holandsko stejn\u011b \u0161patn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, jako kdy\u017e se ho z\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 % voli\u010d\u016f a v\u011bt\u0161ina bude proti. Vysok\u00e9 procento odp\u016frc\u016f ratifikace bude po\u0159\u00e1d slou\u017eit jako argument ve h\u0159e o Ukrajinu i ve h\u0159e o budoucnost Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n

Vymy\u0161len\u00e9 a stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Azov<\/strong><\/h3>\n

18. ledna 2016 se na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti YouTube objevilo video<\/a>, na kter\u00e9m lid\u00e9 v\u00a0mask\u00e1\u010d\u00edch a\u00a0kukl\u00e1ch hl\u00e1s\u00edc\u00ed se k praporu Azov, varuj\u00ed\u00a0Nizozemce p\u0159ed hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm proti ratifikaci Asocia\u010dn\u00ed smlouvy. Vyhro\u017euj\u00ed jim teroristick\u00fdmi \u00fatoky a\u00a0p\u00e1l\u00ed nizozemskou vlajku.<\/p>\n

\"NZ1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Slabinou videa bylo, \u017ee se objevilo na YouTube a ne na ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch praporu Azov. Ned\u00e1vno tuto chybu vysv\u011btlili investigativn\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i Bellingcat<\/a>, kte\u0159\u00ed odhalili spojitost tohoto videa s\u00a0nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm Centrem internetov\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00e9mu se tak\u00e9 p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1 \u201epetrohradsk\u00e1 tov\u00e1rna na trolly\u201c, kde vznikly i jin\u00e9, dnes u\u017e odhalen\u00e9 podvrhy a dezinformace.<\/p>\n

Ukrajinsk\u00e9 tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u00a0\u00fanoru 2016 se na internetu objevuje dokument, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 dokazovat, \u017ee se Ukrajina chyst\u00e1 p\u0159ekazit nizozemsk\u00e9 referendum. Autorem zpr\u00e1vy adresovan\u00e9 prezidentovi Ukrajiny Petru Poro\u0161enkovi obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy na zma\u0159en\u00ed referenda m\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u0161\u00e9f ukrajinsk\u00e9 rozv\u011bdky Viktor Hvoz\u010f. Oskenovan\u00fd dokument se objevil poprv\u00e9 19. \u00fanora na webu cyber-berkut.ru. Pozd\u011bji jej p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed jin\u00e1 m\u00e9dia jako \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.\u0440\u0443<\/a>, rusk\u00fd \u00ab5 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u00bb<\/a>, \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430<\/a>, \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/a>, \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/a> a jin\u00e9.<\/p>\n

T\u00edmto dokumentem se zab\u00fdvala i ukrajinsk\u00e1 iniciativa Stop Fake, kter\u00e1 se specializuje na odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed. Podle n\u00ed se na webu cyber-berkut.ru pravideln\u011b objevuje \u0159ada \u201etajn\u00fdch\u201c dokument\u016f a r\u016fzn\u00fdch fale\u0161n\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Stop Fake d\u00e1le zmi\u0148uje, \u017ee dokument obsahuje \u0159adu gramatick\u00fdch a syntaktick\u00fdch chyb, kter\u00e9 mohly vzniknout p\u0159i p\u0159ekladu z\u00a0ru\u0161tiny do ukrajin\u0161tiny. Dokument rovn\u011b\u017e nem\u00e1 n\u00e1le\u017eitosti ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace mezi st\u00e1tn\u00edmi institucemi a jako fale\u0161n\u00fd jej ozna\u010dilo i tiskov\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9 rozv\u011bdky.<\/p>\n

Kraden\u00e9 obrazy<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Debatu o referendu v\u00a0Nizozemsku ovlivnila i informace z\u00a0konce minul\u00e9ho roku o tom, \u017ee ukraden\u00e9 obrazy z\u00a0holandsk\u00fdch muze\u00ed se z\u00e1hadn\u011b objevily po 10 letech na Ukrajin\u011b. Tato problematika je v\u0161ak natolik komplikovan\u00e1 a nep\u0159ehledn\u00e1, \u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 s\u00a0jistotou tvrdit, zda jde o um\u011ble vyvolan\u00fd probl\u00e9m, nebo ne. V\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je to jeden z\u00a0faktor\u016f, kter\u00fd nep\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k pozitivn\u00edmu v\u00fdsledku pro Ukrajinu v\u00a0dan\u00e9m referendu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ekrucov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznamu slov politik\u016f a vytrh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z kontextu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Rozhovor s\u00a0nizozemsk\u00fdm premi\u00e9rem Markem Ruttem pro port\u00e1l NU.nl.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ukrajina by se nikdy nem\u011bla p\u0159ipojit k\u00a0EU \u2013 nizozemsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r<\/a>, p\u00ed\u0161e RT a odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 se na rozhovor<\/a> premi\u00e9ra Marka Rutteho pro port\u00e1l NU.nl.<\/p>\n

I rozborem tohoto rozhovoru se zab\u00fdvala iniciativa Stop Fake, kter\u00e1 se ve sv\u00e9m \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/a> v\u011bnuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nejv\u00edce citovan\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ei, kde na dotaz \u201eRusko je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, pokud mluv\u00edte o stabilit\u011b na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hranic\u00edch Evropy?\u201c odpov\u00edd\u00e1 Rutte n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n

\u201eMysl\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu by m\u011bla Ukrajina budovat stabiln\u00ed vztahy s\u00a0Ruskem. Oponenti Asocia\u010dn\u00ed dohody tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee toto je krok na cest\u011b k\u00a0\u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0EU. Ale asocia\u010dn\u00ed dohoda nen\u00ed o tom. Nizozemsko je proti \u010dlenstv\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee Ukrajina by m\u011bla m\u00edt dobr\u00e9 vztahy jak s\u00a0EU, tak s\u00a0Ruskem. A to nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, pokud Ukrajina bude \u010dlenem EU.\u201c<\/p>\n

Jak vid\u00edme, rusk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia cituj\u00ed pouze druhou \u010d\u00e1st premi\u00e9rovy odpov\u011bdi. Tu, kter\u00e1 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 asocia\u010dn\u00ed smlouvy a vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, \u017ee Asocia\u010dn\u00ed dohoda negarantuje Ukrajin\u011b vstup do EU, ignoruj\u00ed. Nap\u0159. Nizozemsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r zbavil Ukrajinu \u0161anc\u00ed na \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0EU<\/a> \u010di Pro Ukrajinu v\u00a0EU nen\u00ed m\u00edsto<\/a>.<\/p>\n

RT<\/h3>\n

RT d\u0159\u00edve Russia Today je rusk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed televizn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, kter\u00e1 s\u00eddl\u00ed v\u00a0Moskv\u011b a vys\u00edl\u00e1 v\u00a0n\u011bkolika sv\u011btov\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tiskov\u00e9 agentury Rusko dnes a tak\u00e9 b\u00fdv\u00e1 ozna\u010dov\u00e1na za n\u00e1stroj Kremlu pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9 propagandy v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed j\u00ed v\u00a0tom i zahrani\u010dn\u00ed \u201eodborn\u00edci\u201c. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nich je i nizozemsk\u00fd vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fd profesor ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu Laszlo Maracz, kter\u00fd v\u00a0jednom ze sv\u00fdch rozhovor\u016f pro RT ozna\u010duje Ukrajinu za\u00a0 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed a politickou \u010dernou d\u00edru na pokraji kolapsu<\/a>. \u00a0V rozhovoru Maracz ne\u0161et\u0159\u00ed ani Evropskou unii, kter\u00e1 se podle n\u011bj nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0defenziv\u011b a jde z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 krize do druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Nutno podotknout, \u017ee Laszlo Maracz je pravideln\u00fdm hostem ve vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed RT na rozli\u010dn\u00e1 t\u00e9mata.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00faniky \u201einformac\u00ed\u201c <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Na RT se rovn\u011b\u017e objevuje report\u00e1\u017e<\/a>, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 prezentovat \u00fanik informac\u00ed tentokr\u00e1t z\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst v\u00a0Nizozemsku. Report\u00e1\u017e informuje o strategii nizozemsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed ovlivnit sv\u00e9 ob\u010dany, aby v\u00a0referendu hlasovali pro ratifikaci smlouvy s\u00a0Ukrajinou.<\/p>\n

\u201eNizozem\u0161t\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i z\u00edskali vl\u00e1dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edho se referenda o kontroverzn\u00ed dohod\u011b mezi EU a Ukrajinou,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 moder\u00e1tor.\u00a0 Z report\u00e1\u017ee vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee nizozem\u0161t\u00ed politici maj\u00ed instrukce, jak referovat o referendu.<\/p>\n

\"NZ2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem<\/h2>\n

Po Na\u0161\u00ed L\u00edze v\u00a0N\u011bmecku a referendu v\u00a0Holandsku se vstup rusk\u00e9 propagandy na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 st\u00e1t\u016f EU d\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1vat a m\u011bl by b\u00fdt o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n i v\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Snad tyto zem\u011b budou p\u0159ipraven\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n

\"maca\"Roman M\u00e1ca<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Analytik programu Kremlin Watch<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n

\"lenka\"Lenka V\u00edchov\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Seniorn\u00ed analyti\u010dka programu Kremlin Watch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po p\u0159\u00edpadu Na\u0161e L\u00edza, kdy rusk\u00e1 propaganda vstoupila do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho informa\u010dn\u00edho pole N\u011bmecka a za\u010dala ovliv\u0148ovat i vnit\u0159n\u00ed procesy v\u00a0zemi, p\u0159i\u0161lo na \u0159adu Nizozemsko. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tam ve st\u0159edu 6. dubna prob\u011bhne referendum o ratifikaci Asocia\u010dn\u00ed smlouvy mezi EU a Ukrajinou. V\u00a0debat\u011b, kter\u00e1 tomuto referendu p\u0159edch\u00e1zela, byla rusk\u00e1 stopa v\u00edce ne\u017e viditeln\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-releases"],"yoast_head":"\nNizozemsk\u00e9 referendum:\u00a0Hra o Ukrajinu, nebo o budoucnost Evropsk\u00e9 unie? - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/nizozemske-referendum-hra-o-ukrajinu-nebo-o-budoucnost-evropske-unie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nizozemsk\u00e9 referendum:\u00a0Hra o Ukrajinu, nebo o budoucnost Evropsk\u00e9 unie? - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Po p\u0159\u00edpadu Na\u0161e L\u00edza, kdy rusk\u00e1 propaganda vstoupila do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho informa\u010dn\u00edho pole N\u011bmecka a za\u010dala ovliv\u0148ovat i vnit\u0159n\u00ed procesy v\u00a0zemi, p\u0159i\u0161lo na \u0159adu Nizozemsko. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tam ve st\u0159edu 6. dubna prob\u011bhne referendum o ratifikaci Asocia\u010dn\u00ed smlouvy mezi EU a Ukrajinou. 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