{"id":2862,"date":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/proc-se-politici-prou-o-fiskalni-kompakt\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:26:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:26:41","slug":"proc-se-politici-prou-o-fiskalni-kompakt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/proc-se-politici-prou-o-fiskalni-kompakt\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d se politici p\u0159ou o fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed kompakt?"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma evropsk\u00e9ho fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho kompaktu podepsan\u00e9ho p\u011btadvaceti st\u00e1ty EU v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2012 se v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch sklo\u0148uje dlouhodob\u011b a v\u00a0debat\u011b zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed argumenty jak pro, tak proti p\u0159istoupen\u00ed \u010ceska k t\u00e9to smlouv\u011b. Po ochladnut\u00ed hork\u00fdch novoro\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e9mat o\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 diskuze o kompaktu na t\u00e9 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 \u00farovni.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0Think-tank Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty uspo\u0159\u00e1dal prvn\u00ed velkou ve\u0159ejnou debatu na t\u00e9ma fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho kompaktu\u00a0ji\u017e v\u00a0dubnu 2012.<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e9matem se Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty zab\u00fdvaly dlouhodob\u011b a v\u00a0prosinci Karel Schwarzenberg v\u00a0jednom ze s\u00e9rie prezidentsk\u00fdch rozhovor\u016f pro EH\u00a0nazna\u010dil<\/a>, \u017ee t\u00e9ma fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho kompaktu je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0Ne\u010dasov\u011b vl\u00e1d\u011b o\u017eije. \u201eCo samotn\u00e9 podeps\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit?\u201c odpov\u011bd\u011bl tehdy velice diplomaticky Schwarzenberg na ot\u00e1zku o kompaktu. \u201eCelkovou situaci v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a v Evrop\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u00a0rozhovoru pouk\u00e1zal tak\u00e9 na to, \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika navzdory nepodeps\u00e1n\u00ed fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho kompaktu stanoven\u00e9 mantinely dodr\u017euje, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e kdyby se dostala k moci vl\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 by dan\u00e9 mantinely nedodr\u017eovala, nebylo by mo\u017en\u00e9 nal\u00e9zt kontroln\u00ed mechanismus, kter\u00fd by zabr\u00e1nil jej\u00edmu \u0161patn\u00e9mu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed roztr\u017eka je pln\u00e1 nejasnost\u00ed a je slo\u017eit\u00e9 se v\u00a0n\u00ed vyznat. TOP 09, s\u00a0Karlem Schwarzenbergem v\u00a0\u010dele, si p\u0159i vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edch o nov\u00e9 koali\u010dn\u00ed smlouv\u011b klade podm\u00ednku, \u017ee v\u00a0n\u00ed bude zakomponov\u00e1n i z\u00e1vazek p\u0159ipojen\u00ed \u010ceska k\u00a0fisk\u00e1ln\u00edmu kompaktu, jinak dokument nepodep\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Podle TOP 09 je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby \u010cesk\u00e1 republika vyslala jasn\u00fd sign\u00e1l, \u017ee se hl\u00e1s\u00ed k\u00a0projektu evropsk\u00e9 integrace ve v\u0161ech jej\u00edch aspektech a za\u010dala pracovat na nov\u00e9 proevropsk\u00e9 image zem\u011b. Co\u017e bude nyn\u00ed o to snaz\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b vyst\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 eurooptimista Zeman skaln\u00edho europesimistu Klause. ODS pova\u017euje ultim\u00e1tum o kompaktu za ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9, ale o v\u011bci se bude nad\u00e1le jednat.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Debata bez v\u011bcn\u00fdch argument\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Probl\u00e9mem \u010desk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 debaty o fisk\u00e1ln\u00edm kompaktu je nedostatek v\u011bcnosti a argument\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nezab\u00fdvaj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdm j\u00e1drem t\u00e9to smlouvy. Poj\u010fme si jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed aspekty vysv\u011btlit.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed kompakt je mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed dohoda o pr\u00e1vn\u011b vymahateln\u00e9 striktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 k\u00e1zni signat\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, v pln\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed nese n\u00e1zev \u201eSmlouva o stabilit\u011b, koordinaci a spr\u00e1v\u011b v hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a m\u011bnov\u00e9 unii. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ekonomov\u00e9 podobnou dohodu navrhovali ji\u017e p\u0159i vzniku eura v\u00a0roce 1999, kdy v sob\u011b euroz\u00f3na spojila zem\u011b s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rozd\u00edln\u00fdmi ekonomick\u00fdmi parametry, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 j\u00ed chyb\u011bla p\u00e1ka, jak k\u00a0sob\u011b jednotliv\u00e9 zem\u011b navz\u00e1jem p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit. V\u00a0m\u011bnov\u00e9 unii se spolu pot\u00e9 ocitly odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 zem\u011b s\u00a0vyrovnan\u00fdmi rozpo\u010dty jako N\u011bmecko spolu s\u00a0t\u011bmi probl\u00e9mov\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, jako je \u0158ecko, ani\u017e by brusel\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci m\u011bli mo\u017enost zem\u011b k\u00a0odpov\u011bdnosti p\u0159iv\u00e9st.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Toto se ve fisk\u00e1ln\u00edm kompaktu m\u011bn\u00ed a z\u00a0m\u011bnov\u00e9 unie se \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 i rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1. Podle nov\u00e9ho kompaktu ro\u010dn\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed deficit jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed nesm\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dit 0,5 % HDP, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed dluh n\u00edzko pod 60 % HDP, mohou m\u00edt schodek a\u017e 1 %. Toto pravidlo zvan\u00e9 t\u00e9\u017e dluhov\u00e1 brzda bude zavedeno do n\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u00fastav nebo z\u00e1kon\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Za p\u0159edch\u016fdce smlouvy je mo\u017en\u00e9 pova\u017eovat pakt Euro plus, kde n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159ijaly konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed politick\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky v\u00a0oblasti konkurenceschopnosti a fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti. Euro plus ale neobsahoval sank\u010dn\u00ed mechanismy, kter\u00e9 by zajistily dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho kompaktu mus\u00ed automaticky Evropsk\u00e1 komise podat k\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9mu soudn\u00edmu dvoru \u017ealobu na \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd bude pot\u00e9 posuzovat implementaci paktu v\u00a0dan\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 zemi a d\u00e1le bude moci rozhodnout o pokut\u011b a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 0,1 % HDP. Tyto prost\u0159edky budou p\u0159evedeny do z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho fondu ESM (Evropsk\u00fd stabiliza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus). T\u00edmto se d\u0159\u00edve politick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed o \u017ealob\u011b za p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed podm\u00ednek p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na technickou \u00farove\u0148.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed kompakt vs. fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastava<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Jedin\u00e9 zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 se k fisk\u00e1ln\u00edmu kompaktu nep\u0159ipojily, jsou Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a \u010cesk\u00e1 republika. Zat\u00edmco Brit\u00e1nie se b\u011b\u017en\u011b ocit\u00e1 mimo evropsk\u00fd proud, v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice vyvolalo rozhodnut\u00ed o nep\u0159ipojen\u00ed se ke kompaktu kritiku, k n\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159ipojila i vl\u00e1dn\u00ed TOP 09 (Karel Schwarzenberg dokonce jeden moment zva\u017eoval i vystoupen\u00ed z\u00a0vl\u00e1dy) a vyzvala euroskeptickou ODS, aby se na\u0161e zem\u011b p\u0159ipojila. Jak\u00e9 jsou tedy nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u010di nevy\u0159\u010den\u00e9 argumenty vnitrovl\u00e1dn\u00ed debaty?<\/p>\n

\u00a0TOP 09 argumentuje nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00e1 by v\u00a0izolaci ztratila pod\u00edl na nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rozhodov\u00e1n\u00edch Unie. Oproti tomu nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed argument pro fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed kompakt, v\u00a0jeho\u017e r\u00e1mci by \u0161lo i o pojistku pro \u010desk\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed rozpo\u010det proti dal\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b, kter\u00e1 by pod taktovkou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00edch demokrat\u016f mohla zvy\u0161ovat schodek st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Mo\u017en\u00fdm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm pro opom\u00edjen\u00ed tak z\u00e1sadn\u00edho faktoru jsou \u00favahy Miloslava Kalouska o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 koalici s\u00a0\u010cSSD, se kter\u00fdmi si v\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch t\u00e9matech naopak rozum\u00ed. Argumentace p\u00e1kami proti soci\u00e1ln\u011b-demokratick\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b by mu ale pozd\u011bji nejsp\u00ed\u0161e zkomplikovala cestu do nov\u00e9 koalice.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Pro ODS je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem zachov\u00e1n\u00ed suverenity. Tento d\u016fvod vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i p\u0159esto, \u017ee fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed kompakt nezasahuje do slo\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu, kter\u00fd by z\u016fstal pln\u011b v\u00a0kompetenci ministerstva financ\u00ed. Ne\u010das k\u00a0situaci toto \u00fater\u00fd prohl\u00e1sil: \u201eOsobn\u011b pova\u017euji za daleko podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, aby vl\u00e1da prosadila v Parlamentu \u010cR \u00dastavn\u00ed z\u00e1kon o rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti (finan\u010dn\u00ed \u00fastavu), kter\u00e1 je faktick\u00fdm napln\u011bn\u00edm politick\u00e9 proklamace obsa\u017een\u00e9 v evropsk\u00e9m projektu fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho kompaktu.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00a0Problematick\u00fdm aspektem finan\u010dn\u00ed \u00fastavy je re\u00e1lnost jej\u00edho schv\u00e1len\u00ed v\u00a0Parlamentu, kde by pro ni musela hlasovat levice, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1sadn\u011b proti, a m\u016f\u017ee tak nad\u00e1le b\u00fdt v r\u00e9torice pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jako od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed pro nep\u0159ijet\u00ed kompaktu, ani\u017e by se situace v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnila. Stejn\u011b tak i dal\u0161\u00ed argument, tedy \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika krit\u00e9ria z\u00a0kompaktu ji\u017e pln\u00ed, nen\u00ed uspokojiv\u00fd vzhledem politick\u00e9mu v\u00fdhledu na dal\u0161\u00ed volebn\u00ed obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 krize v\u00e9st a\u017e k\u00a0p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm volb\u00e1m. Z\u00e1stupci TOP 09 ale takov\u00e9 c\u00edle odm\u00edtaj\u00ed. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee jednat o krizi, kter\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivn\u00ed jak na\u0161i evropskou politiku, tak atmosf\u00e9ru uprost\u0159ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed koalice.<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma evropsk\u00e9ho fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho kompaktu podepsan\u00e9ho p\u011btadvaceti st\u00e1ty EU v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2012 se v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch sklo\u0148uje dlouhodob\u011b a v\u00a0debat\u011b zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed argumenty jak pro, tak proti p\u0159istoupen\u00ed \u010ceska k t\u00e9to smlouv\u011b. Po ochladnut\u00ed hork\u00fdch novoro\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e9mat o\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 diskuze o kompaktu na t\u00e9 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 \u00farovni.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazeno"],"yoast_head":"\nPro\u010d se politici p\u0159ou o fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed kompakt? - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/proc-se-politici-prou-o-fiskalni-kompakt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pro\u010d se politici p\u0159ou o fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed kompakt? - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00e9ma evropsk\u00e9ho fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho kompaktu podepsan\u00e9ho p\u011btadvaceti st\u00e1ty EU v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2012 se v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch sklo\u0148uje dlouhodob\u011b a v\u00a0debat\u011b zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed argumenty jak pro, tak proti p\u0159istoupen\u00ed \u010ceska k t\u00e9to smlouv\u011b. 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