{"id":5200,"date":"2018-01-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-01-24T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/sweden-prepares-itself-for-meddling-attempts-before-the-elections\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:29:03","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:29:03","slug":"sweden-prepares-itself-for-meddling-attempts-before-the-elections","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/sweden-prepares-itself-for-meddling-attempts-before-the-elections\/","title":{"rendered":"Sweden prepares itself for meddling attempts before the elections"},"content":{"rendered":"

Weekly monitor of pro-Kremlin disinformation effort in Europe. We follow best European analysts, best counter-measures and trends.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Topics of the Week<\/h2>\n

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The Kremlin Watch Program is looking for an intern!\u00a0<\/strong>If you would like to contribute to our work, send us your application for a four-month internship until February 11th. No worries, you do not have to come to the Czech Republic to work with us, the internship can take place externally. You can read more information on our\u00a0website<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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According to\u00a0reports<\/a>,\u00a0cyber-hackers with links to the Kremlin are expanding their political target base<\/strong>\u00a0(espionage operations or more subversive attacks, including assaults on critical infrastructure). Importantly, their approaches are growing more sophisticated, for example involving forgeries, document and credential phishing, and \u2018faketivist\u2019 leaks of sensitive material.<\/p>\n

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Stefan Loefven, the Swedish Prime Minister, appears to be actively\u00a0preparing<\/a>\u00a0for any attempts to meddle in the electoral process<\/strong>\u00a0coming up in 8 months. He said that he is aware that there are \u201coperations underway at the moment\u201d, mentioning that Sweden counts on attacks from Russia, but also other actors.<\/p>\n

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We suggest you take a look at the\u00a0position paper<\/a>\u00a0published by the European People\u2019s Party group, which lays out a\u00a0realistic and responsible strategy for the EU\u2019s relations with Russia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Czech young developers looked into countering fake news while undertaking a\u00a0fake news challenge during the\u00a0<\/strong>Fakehacks ideathon.\u00a0Mindbrella<\/a>, a Chrome app that allows you to verify news, was awarded first prize. Feel free to use it.<\/p>\n

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Good Old Soviet Joke<\/h2>\n

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A Frenchman, a Brit, and a Russian are admiring a painting of Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden. The Frenchman says, “they must be French, they’re naked and they’re eating fruit.” The Englishman says, “clearly, they’re English; observe how politely the man is offering the woman the fruit.” The Russian notes, “they are Russian, of course. They have nothing to wear, nothing to eat, and they think they are in paradise.”<\/p>\n

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WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE CZECH ELECTIONS<\/h2>\n

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At the end of January, incumbent president Milo\u0161 Zeman is facing a tight run-off in the second round of the Czech presidential elections. He is standing against Ji\u0159\u00ed Draho\u0161, a former Chief of the Academy of Sciences. Their views on the geopolitical direction of the Czech Republic are diametrically opposite.<\/p>\n

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Who is Milo\u0161 Zeman?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Milo\u0161 Zeman is a\u00a0Kremlin Trojan horse<\/a>\u00a0in the Czech Republic. He spreads the Kremlin\u2019s narratives\u00a0internationally<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0domestically<\/a>, appears in the Russian information space as a supporter of Vladimir Putin\u2019s regime, supports confederates, extremists and pro-Kremlin disinformers, and seeks to sabotage Czech government policy towards the Russian Federation. He continually denies Russian military presence in the separatist regions of Ukraine, considers the annexation of Crimea to be a \u2018done deal\u2019, and has troubling disrespect for serious journalism.<\/p>\n

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What is the connection between Milo\u0161 Zeman and Russia?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zeman surrounds himself with advisers who have ties to Russian business, using their positions to obtain sensitive information (even without\u00a0security clearances<\/a>) and\u00a0lobby<\/a>for strategic contracts for Russian firms, for example in the energy sector. The Russian company Lukoil\u00a0paid off<\/a>\u00a0a fine for Zeman\u2019s economic aid, Mr. Nejedl\u00fd, when he illicitly sold jet fuel from strategic reserves. Nejedl\u00fd now works as the middleman between the President and Russian interests.<\/p>\n

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What is the nature of Milo\u0161 Zeman\u2019s campaign?<\/strong><\/p>\n

According to his words, it is a \u201cnon-campaign\u201d. Yet according to his transparent account, this \u201cnon-campaign\u201d has received around 9 million CZK from the club Friends of Milo\u0161 Zeman, without full disclosure of how the money was collected. Between the first and second election rounds, the Czech Republic has been flooded with billboards promoting the message that \u2018only Zeman can save the Czech Republic from the flood of refugees\u2019.<\/p>\n

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What is Milo\u0161 Zeman\u2019s relationship with the disinformation community?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Milo\u0161 Zeman is an ardent sympathizer with the disinformation websites that he considers trustworthy. His support goes hand in hand with his vocal criticism of the Czech public broadcaster Czech Television (as well as other mainstream media) which he regularly accuses of being biased. He is also notorious for his negative attitude towards journalists and media outlets that criticise him. Consequently, something like a symbiosis between the president and the disinformation community has developed in the last few years. The former serves as a source of legitimacy for the members of that community, while the latter works in support of Mr. Zeman and his re-election.<\/p>\n

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What are the topics of the disinformation campaigns before the elections?<\/strong><\/p>\n

The main subject of the disinformation campaign is the presidential candidate Ji\u0159\u00ed Draho\u0161 who has been accused of being a collaborator of the Soviet-era State Security of Czechoslovakia, even though he has a lustration certificate, of favouring Muslim migration into the Czech Republic, and being the chosen candidate of the evil \u201cglobalized elites\u201d and Brussels. Some disinformation websites also claim that Prof. Draho\u0161 is coupled with Angela Merkel against the interests of the Czech nation and that if he is elected, Draho\u0161 will push Czechs to adopt the euro and to place US troops on Czech soil.<\/p>\n

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Who is Ji\u0159\u00ed Draho\u0161?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ji\u0159\u00ed Draho\u0161 is a scientist who\u00a0accepts and promotes<\/a>\u00a0the fact that the Czech Republic belongs to Europe and that it should be a reliable partner for NATO. He is also a candidate who seems to be dividing society the least \u2013 according to the\u00a0polls<\/a>\u00a0from November 2018, only 15 % considered him unacceptable (unlike 45% of respondents considering Zeman unacceptable). However, he has also been widely attacked by the disinformation websites.<\/p>\n

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What is Zeman doing prior to the second round of the elections?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Most recently, for example, he met with pro-Kremlin U.S. Congressman\u00a0Dana Rohrabacher<\/a>. Mr. Rohrabacher has been investigated for his close connections to the Kremlin, allegedly obtaining compromising materials on Hillary Clinton from Russian oligarch Vladimir Jakunin, who is also a good friend of Milo\u0161 Zeman.<\/p>\n

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US Developments<\/h2>\n

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Russian cyberattacks show no signs of abating<\/strong><\/p>\n

While US lawmakers grapple with how to approach and counter the Kremlin\u2019s influence operations, signs indicate that Russian cyberattacks are on the uptick. According to\u00a0reports<\/a>, cyber-hackers with links to the Kremlin are expanding their political target base (including the US Senate, as we reported last week). According to cybersecurity experts, Fancy Bear (the group responsible for the DNC hack that is now eyeing the Senate) is just one of several cyber groups with different agendas sponsored by the Russian government; while some conduct espionage operations, others undertake more subversive attacks, including assaults on critical infrastructure. Importantly, their approaches are growing more sophisticated, for example regarding forgeries, document and credential phishing, and \u2018faketivist\u2019 leaks of sensitive material.<\/p>\n

The reported plans of attack against the Senate have provoked serious concerns on the Hill. Senator Ben Sasse (R-NE) has requested a briefing from Attorney General Jeff Sessions about the steps taken and planned by the Trump administration to counter Russian cyberattacks.<\/p>\n

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\u201cWe\u2019re not here to be the thought police\u201d:<\/strong><\/p>\n

New FBI task force aims to expose Russian social media manipulation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bloomberg<\/em>\u00a0reports<\/a>\u00a0that the FBI is instituting a new task force \u201cto alert U.S. companies and the public about efforts by Russia or other nations to use disinformation and social media manipulation to interfere in upcoming elections, while being careful not to upset free speech and constitutional rights.\u201d According to a top FBI official, who has been the first to reveal any concrete plans about the task force\u2019s mandate, \u201cthe intention [\u2026] is to shine a light on election interference efforts while leaving it up to companies and the public to make their own decisions about what to do with disinformation, fake news or contaminated online content.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Facebook isn\u2019t good for democracy<\/strong><\/p>\n

After saying, post 2016-election, that it was \u201ccrazy\u201d to suggest that Facebook influenced the outcome, Mark Zuckerberg has changed his tune amidst mounting scrutiny and criticism. The company\u2019s founder and CEO has promised that 2018 is the year he\u2019ll \u201cfix\u201d Facebook; a\u00a0statement<\/a>\u00a0read,<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are taking many steps to protect and improve people\u2019s experience on the platform. In the past year, we\u2019ve worked to destroy the business model for false news and reduce its spread, stop bad actors from meddling in elections, and bring a new level of transparency to advertising. Last week, we started prioritizing meaningful posts from friends and family in News Feed to help bring people closer together. We have more work to do and we\u2019re heads down on getting it done.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

But critics say that Facebook is merely paying lip service to the problem, and failing to take substantive steps to learn from past mistakes and prevent similar exploitation of the platform in upcoming elections. Facebook insider Tristan Harris, who is also a former design ethicist for Google, says that \u201cwhat people don\u2019t know about [\u2026] Facebook is that polarization is built in to the business model. Polarization is profitable.\u201d<\/p>\n

One of Zuckerberg\u2019s early advisers and investors, Roger McNamee, says that Facebook\u2019s business model is good for the company\u2019s profits, but bad for democracy: \u201cMaking you angry, making you afraid, is really good for Facebook\u2019s business. It is not good for America. It\u2019s not good for the users of Facebook.\u201d<\/p>\n

McNamee also says that Zuckerberg and COO Sheryl Sandberg \u201ctreated it like a public relations problem, rather than a substantive issue for the business\u201d, after he informed them during the 2016 Democratic primaries that Facebook content was being exploited to manipulate users\u2019 political preferences.<\/p>\n

Harris and McNamee, together with other critics, believe that Facebook\u2019s newfound self-regulation efforts are insufficient to address the problem of fake news and disinformation. Instead, they are calling on Facebook to make its data available to external researchers who can identify and investigate suspicious activity before it spreads.<\/p>\n

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The Kremlin\u2019s Current Narrative<\/h2>\n

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Let\u2019s blame the victim<\/strong><\/p>\n

It was wholly unsurprising that Moscow would be the first to comment on a recently adopted law on the\u00a0\u201cre-integration of Donbas\u201d<\/a>. The main provisions of this law include: labelling the self-proclaimed and Russia-backed DNR and LNR as \u201ctemporarily occupied territories,\u201d while qualifying the actions of Russia as \u201caggression against Ukraine\u201d; granting President Petro Poroshenko the right to use military force inside Ukraine without consent from the Rada, including for reclaiming Donbass; creating a joint operative staff of the Ukraine Armed Forces to take command of all the military, police, and volunteer units in the conflict area. Most importantly, the law labels Russia as an aggressor and responsible for the temporary occupation of Donbas. Russia\u2019s reaction?\u00a0\u201c<\/a>Kyiv is preparing for a war<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0\u201cKyiv has switched from sabotage of the\u00a0<\/em>Minsk agreements<\/em><\/a>\u00a0to their burial\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(says the senator of the country responsible for provoking the war and arming the terrorists who constantly violate the cease-fire required by the Minsk agreement). It\u2019s typical Kremlin style to shift the blame: calling the victim an aggressor and blaming others for its own wrongdoings.<\/p>\n

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Top of the top<\/strong><\/p>\n

As we know, RT loves to make lists. Typically, these involves the quotes by President Putin, but this time, RT decided to devote its attention to US President Donald Trump. In RT\u2019s\u00a0selection of Trump\u2019s quotes\u00a0<\/a>we predictably find several that align perfectly with the Kremlin\u2019s narratives.<\/p>\n

\u201cHe reserved his ire for BuzzFeed and CNN, however, at his January 11, 2017 press conference, shortly after CNN promoted and BuzzFeed published the notorious \u201cSteele dossier\u201d making all sorts of salacious allegations about his \u201cRussian\u201d connections\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cTrump continued to hammer the media outlets hostile to him, singling out the New York Times, NBC News, ABC, CBS and CNN in a\u00a0<\/em>February 17 tweet<\/em><\/a>: \u201cThe FAKE NEWS media…is not my enemy, it is the enemy of American people\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cAs the \u2018Russian collusion\u2019 investigations in Congress failed to reveal any actual evidence, the president\u2019s critics seized upon his firing of FBI Director James Comey as proof he was somehow obstructing justice: \u201cI am being investigated for firing the FBI Director by the man who told me to fire the FBI Director. Witch Hunt!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cWhen will all the haters and fools out there realize that having good relationship with Russia is a good thing, not a bad thing\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Policy & Research News<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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The European debate on disinformation<\/strong><\/p>\n

During recent talks, several EU politicians and representatives expressed wariness about the disinformation campaigns deriving from the Russian Federation and its proxies. For example, Julian King, the Commission\u2019s security chief,\u00a0stated<\/a>\u00a0that the disinformation campaigns \u201corchestrated\u201d by the Russian government have been \u201cextremely successful\u201d, and presented the disinformation cases collected by the EEAS East Stratcom Team as evidence. According to King, it is clear that these disinformation campaigns are an \u201corchestrated strategy\u201d.<\/p>\n

Several MEPs, including Denmark\u2019s Jeppe Kofod, also warned against possible\u00a0attempts<\/a>\u00a0to meddle in the elections of the new European Parliament next year, since these efforts are becoming a new norm in Europe. Spain\u2019s centre-right Esteban Gonzales Pons highlighted the fact that the stratcom unit is comprised of 22 people and works with a budget of \u20ac1.1 million, while Russia spends at least \u20ac1 billion a year on its state media. Several others called for more funding and personnel.<\/p>\n

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Swedish Prime Minister expects the worst<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stefan Loefven, the Swedish Prime Minister, appears to be actively\u00a0preparing<\/a>\u00a0for any attempts to meddle in Sweden\u2019s electoral process, coming up in 8 months. He said that he is aware that there are \u201coperations underway at the moment\u201d, mentioning that Sweden counts on attacks from Russia, but also other actors. As a result, Sweden has decided to establish a new agency responsible for \u201cidentifying, analysing and responding to external influence\u201d. The budgets for Swedish intelligence and cyber-defence services will be increased and the Prime Minister plans to hold meetings with political parties in order to discuss the increase of their protection and resilience.<\/p>\n

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What is the Finnish Hybrid Threats Center doing?<\/strong><\/p>\n

That is what Reid Standish focuses on in his piece for\u00a0Foreign Policy<\/a>. He points out that even though the Centre for Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats has received a lot of political attention, nobody is exactly sure how the Centre will fulfil its mission. \u201cThe nature of its activities remains ambiguous, raising questions about what it brings to the table.\u201d He concludes that, so far, the Centre functions more as an \u201cin-house think tank\u201d, contributing research mostly on the analytical level, and is searching for its identity beyond that. At this point, it is still too early to say whether it will be make a meaningful dent in the public debate.<\/p>\n

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Kremlin Watch Reading Suggestion<\/h2>\n

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EPP Group\u2019s Position Paper on Russia<\/strong><\/p>\n

This week\u2019s reading suggestion is a\u00a0position paper<\/a>\u00a0published by the European People\u2019s Party group, which lays out a realistic and responsible strategy for the EU\u2019s relations with Russia. It is based on five guiding principles with which we very much agree:<\/p>\n

First, the EU must\u00a0demand the implementation of the Minsk agreements<\/strong>\u00a0as the key condition for any substantial change in its stance towards Russia. This is the only way that peace in Ukraine can be achieved. Unfortunately, there is currently no progress in Russia\u2019s implementation of the Minsk agreements, rather the opposite.<\/p>\n

Second, the EU should\u00a0strengthen its relations with the Eastern Partnership countries and other neighbours<\/strong>. Specifically, there is a need to create a mechanism for information exchange between the EU and its Eastern Partners in the field of cyber-security, to balance Russia\u2019s increasing influence in the Western Balkans and to increase aid to Ukraine.<\/p>\n

Third, the EU must\u00a0strengthen its resilience from within<\/strong>, be it against disinformation and propaganda, election interference, or dependence on Russian energy supplies. Initiatives such as the EEAS East StratCom Task Force can be very helpful in this regard, however, it is crucial that they receive enough funding to do their work effectively, which is currently a serious problem for the Task Force.<\/p>\n

Fourth, it is important to find ways to\u00a0de-escalate current tensions and engage in constructive dialogue<\/strong>\u00a0with Russia. Nevertheless, the EU must stand firm on key issues.<\/p>\n

Fifth, the\u00a0pursuit of people-to-people-contacts and support of Russian civil society<\/strong>\u00a0should not be omitted.<\/p>\n

Take a look at the paper for more details!<\/p>\n

Subscribe to Kremlin Watch Briefing!<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Weekly monitor of pro-Kremlin disinformation effort in Europe. 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