{"id":5193,"date":"2017-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-12-11T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/kremlin-watch-briefing-spain-will-acknowledge-misinformation-campaigns-as-a-threat-to-national-security\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:21:57","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:21:57","slug":"kremlin-watch-briefing-spain-will-acknowledge-misinformation-campaigns-as-a-threat-to-national-security","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/kremlin-watch-briefing-spain-will-acknowledge-misinformation-campaigns-as-a-threat-to-national-security\/","title":{"rendered":"Kremlin Watch Briefing: Spain will acknowledge “misinformation campaigns” as a threat to national security"},"content":{"rendered":"

Weekly monitor of pro-Kremlin disinformation effort in Europe. We follow best European analysts, best counter-measures and trends.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Topics of the Week<\/h2>\n

Secretary of State Rex Tillerson\u00a0declared<\/a>\u00a0that the\u00a0US won\u2019t lift sanctions against Russia until the Kremlin withdraws Russian forces from Crimea and eastern Ukraine<\/strong>. Tensions between President Trump and his national security team continue to grow.<\/p>\n

Spanish authorities are to pass a new\u00a0National Security Strategy<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0that, for the first time, will mention\u00a0\u201cmisinformation campaigns\u201d as a threat to the country\u2019s security<\/strong>. Despite the fact that Russia is not named as a culprit, it seems the document will also set out specific measures to counter the threat.<\/p>\n

Both state and non-state actors attempted to influence the German election<\/strong>, concludes a\u00a0study<\/a>\u00a0written by experts including Anne Applebaum and Peter Pomerantsev. We are seeing a rapid expansion of transnational networks of disinformation and toxic speech, which can operationalize activity around elections.<\/p>\n

Good Old Soviet Joke<\/h2>\n

A train bearing Stalin, Lenin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, and Gorbachev stops suddenly when the tracks run out. Each leader applies his own unique solution. Lenin gathers workers and peasants from miles around and exhorts them to build more tracks. Stalin shoots the train crew when the train still doesn\u2019t move. Khrushchev rehabilitates the dead crew and orders the tracks behind the train ripped up and re-laid in front. Brezhnev pulls down the curtains and rocks back and forth, pretending the train is moving. And Gorbachev calls a rally in front of the locomotive, where he leads a chant: \u201cNo tracks! No tracks! No tracks!\u201d<\/p>\n

US Developments<\/h2>\n

Trouble in paradise: partisanship threatens to derail congressional probes<\/strong><\/p>\n

It appears that of the three congressional committees investigating Russia\u2019s interference in the 2016 election,\u00a0only one is on track<\/a>\u00a0to reaching bipartisan consensus. The Senate Intelligence Committee is the only committee where Republicans and Democrats have succeeded in working together without major disagreements or tensions. By contrast, the Senate Judiciary Committee and the House Intelligence Committee are both plagued by severe partisan in-fighting.<\/p>\n

Most recently, the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Chuck Grassley (R-IA), blasted his Democratic colleagues for blocking investigation of Hillary Clinton and the Obama administration\u2019s potential misdeeds. He claimed that \u201ctrue bipartisan oversight is impossible unless it is a two-way street\u201d and blamed Democrats for being \u201cunwilling to ask hard questions and force answers from their own political allies\u201d.<\/p>\n

These deflection attempts and finger-pointing come amid growing\u00a0claims from GOP lawmakers<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 particularly House Republicans \u2013 that Robert Mueller\u2019s special investigation is\u00a0biased<\/a>\u00a0against Trump, and that Hillary Clinton was not subject to the same level of scrutiny for the Uranium One deal and her personal email use. (One can reasonably argue that this is GOP whataboutism: Clinton\u2019s email investigations have been rigorously\u00a0documented<\/a>\u00a0with no evidence of criminal wrongdoing, and the conspiracy theory that she sold uranium to Russia in exchange for a donation to the Clinton Foundation has been repeatedly\u00a0debunked<\/a>.)<\/p>\n

These escalating partisan tensions mean that bipartisan reports summarizing committee conclusions are unlikely to happen in either the House Intelligence or Senate Judiciary committees. Instead, the Democrats and Republicans are likely to publish individual reports with differing findings.<\/p>\n

More strong words from Sec. Tillerson<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Secretary of State\u2019s language concerning Russia is growing tougher by the day. Last week\u2019s Kremlin Watch Briefing reported Tillerson\u2019s chiding of Russia\u2019s \u201cmalicious tactics\u201d and hostilities towards its neighbors and other liberal democratic states as \u201cnot the behaviors of a responsible nation\u201d. Last Thursday, Tillerson\u00a0upped the ante<\/a>, declaring that the US will not lift sanctions against Russia until the Kremlin withdraws Russian forces from Crimea and eastern Ukraine. At a meeting of the OSCE, he decisively laid the blame on Russia for escalating violence in Ukraine. In a press conference, he said: \u201cWe\u2019ve made this clear to Russia from the very beginning, that we must address Ukraine. It stands as the single most difficult obstacle to us renormalizing the relationship with Russia, which we badly would like to do.\u201d Tillerson also emphasized that the US would not recognize Russia\u2019s takeover of Crimea, saying: \u201cWe will never accept Russia\u2019s occupation and attempted annexation of Crimea. Crimea-related sanctions will remain in place until Russia returns full control of the peninsula to Ukraine.\u201d<\/p>\n

These comments are a welcome deviation from the rhetoric we have come to expect from the Trump White House. The tensions between the President and his national security team continue to grow, and while this is good news for those hoping to see stronger US direction on Russia, it remains to be seen how these power dynamics play out, and whether executive policy will fall in line.<\/p>\n

Russian trolls posed as US news outlets on Twitter<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Independent<\/em>\u00a0reports<\/a>\u00a0that dozens of Twitter accounts that appeared to be local US news sources \u2013 frequently in swing states, including Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania \u2013 were actually operated by Russian trolls from the infamous St Petersburg Internet Research Agency. Together, these accounts acquired more than half a million followers. Moreover, more than 100 (legitimate) news outlets published stories containing the imposter Twitter handles in the run-up to the 2016 presidential election. Some were even tweeted by high-level public figures, including an unnamed top presidential aide. According to Twitter, these accounts have now been suspended \u2013 in sum, the company identified and suspended 2,752 accounts linked to the Internet Research Agency.<\/p>\n

The Kremlin\u2019s Current Narrative<\/h2>\n

Anti-Russian conspiracy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Last week, the International Olympic Committee ruled to impose sanctions on Russia for its systematic doping and banned the country from the upcoming Winter Olympics. Evidence of this charge has been straightforward and conclusive \u2013 Russia has systematically manipulated the anti-doping system on a historically unprecedented scale. It has also been proven that\u00a0Russia conducted manipulations<\/a>\u00a0at the anti-doping laboratory at the last Winter Olympics in Sochi.<\/p>\n

Predictably, Russia has denied all\u00a0accusations<\/a>. But the way Russian media have framed the incident is a perfect example of how individual events are distorted to fit pro-Kremlin narratives and bolster patriotic consciousness in the country. According to the Russian media, the IOC decision is first and foremost a blow against Russia or, as Russian Olympic champion and Duma member\u00a0Irina Rodnina<\/a>\u00a0put it, \u201cThey have driven a wedge between Russia and the rest of the world.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

The same sentiment was echoed across\u00a0all major Russian<\/a>\u00a0TV stations, newspapers, and websites. Indeed, in the mainstream media, there is no discussion whatsoever about whether country actually did something wrong. Instead, Russian journalists merely regurgitate the line that the IOC ban is yet another confirmation that Russia\u00a0is encircled by enemies<\/a>. There is no discussion about domestic investigations or questions asking whether the doping scandal even took place. Every evening last week, all major talk shows discussed the West\u2019s plans to undermine Russia and global conspiracies aimed at diminishing Russia\u2019s global influence. Remarkably, the IOC ban became a top news in the Russian media sphere, even overshadowing the alleged liberation of Syria from ISIS, thanks to Russian efforts.<\/p>\n

Apart from their hysterical indulgences in global anti-Russian conspiracies, Russian media and various experts have actively debated whether \u2018clean\u2019 Russian athletes should participate under the neutral Olympic flag. Predictably, Russian \u2018journalists\u2019 have opined that this would amount to national treason and that\u00a0Russia should boycott<\/a>the upcoming Olympic Games.<\/p>\n

The narrative is unusually outrageous and one-sided, even by Russian standards: no major voice has raised concerns that perhaps Russia did indeed do something very wrong to deserve this ban. United in their \u2018patriotic sentiment\u2019, educated adults would rather partake in conspiracy discussions and plots instead of admitting a reality check of their own country.<\/p>\n

Policy & Research News<\/h2>\n

A spy in the European Parliament<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hungarian prosecutors\u00a0indicted<\/a>\u00a0MEP Bela Kovacs of spying on the European Union \u201cin the interests of a foreign state and on behalf of the secret services.\u201d They did not clearly state which country Kovacs worked for. However, the intelligence community in Hungary noted he has been in regular contact with Russian diplomats and visited Moscow on a monthly basis.<\/p>\n

Kovacs comes from the strongest Hungarian opposition party, Jobbik, which is known for supporting the Kremlin\u2019s foreign policy and repeating stereotypical disinformation narratives. Its representatives\u00a0praised<\/a>\u00a0the so called \u2018referendum\u2019 in Crimea as a \u201ctriumph of a community\u2019s self-determination\u201d and compared the situation there to Kosovo\u2019s declaration of independence.<\/p>\n

A spy in the Polish energy sector<\/strong><\/p>\n

In October 2014, Mr. \u2018Stanis\u0142aw Sz.\u2019, a lawyer with dual Polish-Russian citizenship, was arrested by Polish authorities, at the time for undisclosed reasons. Eventually, the Warsaw district court found him guilty of cooperation with the GRU in gathering classified information about the Polish energy sector. Last week, the Warsaw appeals court\u00a0ruled<\/a>\u00a0that his sentence will be prolonged from four to seven years in jail.<\/p>\n

Spain will include the \u201cmisinformation\u201d threat in its new security strategy<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Spanish government has not treated disinformation campaigns and hostile influence operations as a priority for a long time. However, things may be slowly changing following the Catalonian independence referendum, which witnessed considerable Russian meddling on social media. Spain\u2019s Ministers of Defence and Foreign Affairs\u00a0admitted<\/a>\u00a0that about 50% of social media accounts that tried to influence the public with pro-separatist content came from Russia.<\/p>\n

Currently, Spanish authorities are poised to pass a new\u00a0National Security Strategy<\/a>\u00a0that, for the first time, will mention \u201cmisinformation campaigns\u201d as a threat to national security. Although the document does not mention Russia as a culprit of such campaigns, it seems that specific measures will also be laid out to counter the threat. The Strategy also touches upon the interference efforts during the Catalan crisis, and also during the Brexit referendum.<\/p>\n

This is an important step that might launch broader efforts in Spain to prepare and implement a more comprehensive strategy to tackle influence operations. It could also encourage different groups at the levels of political and civil society to develop new initiatives. It therefore appears that Spain is joining countries like the Netherlands and France which \u2018awakened\u2019 after they directly felt the impact of the Kremlin\u2019s ongoing efforts to destabilize their societies.<\/p>\n

Kremlin Watch Reading Suggestion<\/h2>\n

\u2018Make Germany Great Again\u2019<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kremlin, Alt-Right and International Influences in the 2017 German Elections<\/strong><\/p>\n

This\u00a0report,<\/a>\u00a0written by well-known experts including Anne Applebaum and Peter Pomerantsev, focuses on the Kremlin\u2019s and other foreign attempts to influence the 2017 German elections<\/strong>. Specifically, it explores how these efforts differed across three audiences in Germany: the nationalist right, the Left, and the Russian-speaking population. The authors used an innovative combination of methodological approaches: they combined social media monitoring and analysis, broadcast media monitoring, and on-the-ground reporting, all guided by in-depth subject matter expertise.<\/p>\n

The German nationalist right is mainly associated with the Alternative f\u00fcr Deutschland (AfD) party, which maintains strong links with Russia. German far-right audiences rely heavily on social media for political information, which makes them more likely to believe fake news stories and more likely to read and share information that comes either from Russian or international alt-right sources. The German far-right and Kremlin-affiliated media showed a clear bias in favor of the AfD. Moreover, a pro-Kremlin botnet was active during the election campaign.<\/p>\n

The Left\u2019s relationship with the Kremlin is more complicated, with some left-wing movements being critical of Putinism. However, the most significant left-wing party in Germany, Die Linke, has grown closer to the Russian government in the wake of the invasion of Ukraine and is clearly aligned with the Kremlin\u2019s narratives. These narratives are also reflected by far-left social media, though not in the same volume as by the far-right. The German Left as a whole is more resistant to disinformation. Nevertheless, there is some evidence of a \u2018cross-front\u2019 of left and right, as previously witnessed in the 1930s.<\/p>\n

The findings regarding Russian-speaking Germans suggests that integration of this community has been far from successful. Politically, they affiliate mostly with the AfD, which was the first and only political party to have a Russian-language campaign strategy. Their opinion is notably shaped by Kremlin-affiliated media, which has significant reach within Russian-German audiences.<\/p>\n

In conclusion, the report revealed that\u00a0both state and non-state actors attempted to influence the German election<\/strong>. In a wider political context, we are witnessing a rapid expansion of transnational networks of disinformation and toxic speech, which can operationalize activity around key events such as elections. In order to fight this issue, the authors offer various recommendations for civil society, policymakers, and media. Have a look at the report to find out more.<\/p>\n

Subscribe to Kremlin Watch Briefing!<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Weekly monitor of pro-Kremlin disinformation effort in Europe. 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