{"id":5050,"date":"2013-11-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-11-03T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/co-je-v-sazce-ve-volbach-2014\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T11:59:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T09:59:41","slug":"co-je-v-sazce-ve-volbach-2014","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/co-je-v-sazce-ve-volbach-2014\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je v s\u00e1zce ve volb\u00e1ch 2014"},"content":{"rendered":"

Budou Unii po volb\u00e1ch vl\u00e1dnout euroskeptick\u00e9 strany? D\u00e1 Ukrajina p\u0159ednost partnerstv\u00ed s EU, nebo celn\u00ed unii s Ruskem? A pro\u010d nepom\u016f\u017ee “p\u0159i\u0161krtit” dotace obnoviteln\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm?<\/i><\/h1>\n

\u00a0<\/i>Kam se bude ub\u00edrat sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) po volb\u00e1ch, to zat\u00edm m\u016f\u017eeme jen odhadovat. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby k volebn\u00edm urn\u00e1m p\u0159i\u0161lo dostate\u010dn\u00e9 procento elektor\u00e1tu a v\u011bd\u011blo, kdo bude jeho d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem v evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00edch. V dal\u0161\u00edm funk\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed se toti\u017e bude rozhodovat o mnoha v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch. Jednou z nich je st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00e9ma neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch imigrant\u016f z Afriky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jednotn\u00fd r\u00e1mec azylov\u00e9 a migra\u010dn\u00ed politiky EU zd\u00e1 se b\u00fdti \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm v\u00edce nepostradateln\u00fdm. No a jak to bude d\u00e1l s partnery Unie? P\u0159iklon\u00ed se Ukrajina k Z\u00e1padu, nebo se bude i nad\u00e1le ob\u00e1vat pohr\u016f\u017eek Ruska, \u017ee j\u00ed zastav\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsun energie? A bude EU ochotn\u00e1 nad\u00e1le vyjedn\u00e1vat s USA, i p\u0159es pochroumanou d\u016fv\u011bru kv\u016fli odposlech\u016fm? Nebo si nakonec najdeme spojence na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b – v Rad\u011b pro spolupr\u00e1ci arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v Z\u00e1livu? Mo\u017enost\u00ed je spousta, te\u010f u\u017e jen vykro\u010dit t\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Nezapome\u0148te – rozhodujete i vy!<\/p>\n

(Interaktivn\u00ed “volebn\u00ed kalkula\u010dku” pro volby do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu najdete na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch, uveden\u00fdch v p\u0159edposledn\u00ed anotaci.)<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Utnout dotace zelen\u00e9 energii?<\/a> To je jako plakat na \u0161patn\u00e9m hrob\u011b<\/a><\/h1>\n

An end to support for renewables? The wrong battle to fight<\/i><\/h3>\n

Fabio Genoese; The Centre for European Policy Studies<\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u0158editel\u00e9 deseti energetick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed polovinu evropsk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacity, varovali, \u017ee evropsk\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 infrastruktura je v\u00a0ohro\u017een\u00ed. Klasick\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny bude pr\u00fd brzy nezbytn\u00e9 nadobro zav\u0159\u00edt, proto\u017ee jsou kv\u016fli sou\u010dasn\u00fdm tr\u017en\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m ztr\u00e1tov\u00e9. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku toho m\u016f\u017ee elektrick\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 \u010delit ka\u017edou zimu z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm v\u00fdpadk\u016fm proudu. Tr\u017en\u00ed podm\u00ednky jsou pro tradi\u010dn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9, proto\u017ee v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech roste d\u00edky dotac\u00edm po\u010det \u201ezelen\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren\u201c, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed ceny elekt\u0159iny. \u0158editel\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed ukon\u010den\u00ed jejich podpory p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee technologie zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed a v\u011btrnou energii jsou ji\u017e pln\u011b vyvinut\u00e9 a nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed subvence. Masivn\u00ed stavba elektr\u00e1ren na obnoviteln\u00e9 energie byla politick\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Energetick\u00e9ho bal\u00edku EU z\u00a0let 2007\/2008. Nen\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by se evrop\u0161t\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i cht\u011bli vzd\u00e1t z\u00e1vazn\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed uhl\u00edku, kter\u00e9 nutn\u011b zahrnuj\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed energie z\u00a0obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ale p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny p\u0159esahuj\u00ed obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie. Popt\u00e1vka po elekt\u0159in\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nep\u0159ekonala pokles z\u00a0roku 2009, kter\u00fd byl zp\u016fsoben ekonomickou kriz\u00ed. V\u00a0minul\u00fdch letech byla p\u0159ecen\u011bna popt\u00e1vka po energii z\u00a0uheln\u00fdch a plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, a byly u\u010din\u011bny p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 investice do jejich v\u00fdrobn\u00edch kapacit. Tyto elektr\u00e1rny maj\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti nadprodukci a tr\u017en\u00ed ceny tak nezaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed k\u00fd\u017een\u00e9 odm\u011bny.<\/p>\n

Autor koment\u00e1\u0159e v\u0161ak vid\u00ed probl\u00e9m nejen v\u00a0dotac\u00edch, ale i v\u00a0nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 integraci trhu. Navrhuje, aby bylo produkov\u00e1no jen takov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie, je\u017e bude sta\u010dit k uspokojen\u00ed popt\u00e1vky. Obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje by m\u011bly p\u0159estat vyr\u00e1b\u011bt energii v okam\u017eiku nasycen\u00ed popt\u00e1vky, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji tr\u017en\u00ed ceny energie. Zelen\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny by m\u011bly na z\u00e1klad\u011b pe\u010dliv\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoje p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke stabilit\u011b energetick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. Konven\u010dn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny by m\u011bly zv\u00e1\u017eit nov\u00fd obchodn\u00ed model \u201esyst\u00e9mu plateb za spolehlivost slu\u017eby\u201c. Bylo by mo\u017eno zav\u00e9st r\u016fzn\u00e9 cenov\u00e9 kategorie podle m\u00edry spolehlivosti dod\u00e1vek energie, ze kter\u00fdch by si z\u00e1kazn\u00edci vyb\u00edrali. V\u00a0tomto syst\u00e9mu by byla garantov\u00e1na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100% spolehlivost b\u011bhem z\u00e1kladn\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, ale ne pro popt\u00e1vku v\u00a0\u010dase \u0161pi\u010dky. To by mohlo sni\u017eovat pot\u0159ebu vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed energie a tedy redukovat celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Autor dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ide\u00e1ln\u00ed by bylo tuto oblast zefektivnit harmonizac\u00ed politiky na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed se Ukrajina k\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unii?<\/a><\/h1>\n

Ukraine: Edging towards the EU?<\/i><\/h3>\n

Ian Bond; Centre for European Reform<\/h3>\n

Ian Bond ve sv\u00e9m zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m shrnut\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch post\u0159eh\u016f z\u00a0Ukrajiny zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee v\u00a0t\u00e9to zemi je u\u017e v\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli rozhodnuto ve prosp\u011bch p\u0159ipojen\u00ed se do \u201eEurosf\u00e9ry\u201c. Situace v\u0161ak necel\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc p\u0159ed velk\u00fdm summitem V\u00fdchodn\u00edho partnerstv\u00ed ve Vilniusu, kde se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 fin\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed Ukrajiny o podeps\u00e1n\u00ed Asocia\u010dn\u00ed dohody, nevypad\u00e1 pohledem zven\u010d\u00ed zdaleka tak jasn\u011b. L\u00e1kav\u00e1 asocia\u010dn\u00ed dohoda s\u00a0Evropskou uni\u00ed (EU) m\u00e1 toti\u017e konkurenci, kterou je vstup do nov\u00e9ho projektu rusk\u00e9 Celn\u00ed unie. Zd\u00e1 se tak, \u017ee Ukrajina bude donucena u\u010dinit s\u00a0kone\u010dnou platnost\u00ed historickou volbu, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017eila vyhnout u\u017e od rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. P\u0159ipojit a integrovat se v\u00edce na z\u00e1pad, do unijn\u00ed sf\u00e9ry, anebo na v\u00fdchod, do sf\u00e9ry Ruska?<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fzkumy ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed i na v\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inovou podporu pro sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed na z\u00e1pad. To bude d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm argumentem, proto\u017ee ukrajinsk\u00fd obchod je na ose z\u00e1pad-v\u00fdchod velmi vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd. Okolo 30 % exportu putuje do Ruska, kolem 25 % do EU. Ukrajina je ale zraniteln\u00e1 v\u00a0energetick\u00e9m sektoru, 60 % spot\u0159eby plynu je \u0159e\u0161eno rusk\u00fdmi importy, a to u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o objem, na kter\u00fd se Ukrajina dostala po radik\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u0159icetiprocentn\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dovozu rusk\u00e9ho plynu, kter\u00e9ho dos\u00e1hla b\u011bhem roku 2013 diverzifikace zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee je Asocia\u010dn\u00ed dohoda v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm l\u00e1kadlem ne\u017e rusk\u00e1 Celn\u00ed unie, p\u0159idru\u017een\u00ed k\u00a0EU bude politicky i administrativn\u011b velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Ukrajina bude muset za\u010dlenit n\u011bkolik set unijn\u00edch sm\u011brnic do sv\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. Budou zavedena p\u0159echodn\u00e1 obdob\u00ed v\u00a0d\u00e9lce a\u017e osmi let a kapacity ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy st\u00e1tu budou jist\u011b t\u00edmto legislativn\u00edm transferem zat\u00ed\u017eeny a\u017e na hranice mo\u017enost\u00ed. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je ale nefunguj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t. Selektivn\u00ed spravedlnost zhmotn\u011bn\u00e1 v\u00a0osob\u011b Julie Tymo\u0161enkov\u00e9, jej\u00ed\u017e propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed si kladou evrop\u0161t\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i jako podm\u00ednku hlub\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce, p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku v cest\u011b Ukrajiny na z\u00e1pad.<\/p>\n

I pokud budou v\u0161echny p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky p\u0159ekon\u00e1ny a Ukrajina Asocia\u010dn\u00ed dohodu podep\u00ed\u0161e, je tu opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd strach z rusk\u00e9 odvety. Rusko dod\u00e1vky plynu opakovan\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako politick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj a nen\u00ed to tak dlouho, co rusk\u00fd vicepremi\u00e9r Rogozin varoval Moldavany p\u0159ed podeps\u00e1n\u00edm podobn\u00e9 Asocia\u010dn\u00ed dohody s\u00a0EU slovy: \u201eDouf\u00e1m, \u017ee neumrznete\u201c.<\/p>\n

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Obchodn\u00ed a investi\u010dn\u00ed vztahy mezi EU a Radou pro spolupr\u00e1ci arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v Z\u00e1livu: Jak\u00e9 jsou vyhl\u00eddky dohody o voln\u00e9m obchodu mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma regiony?<\/a><\/h1>\n

EU-GCC Trade and Investment Relations: What Prospect of an FTA between the Two Regions?<\/i><\/h3>\n

Rym Ayadi a Salim Gadi; Istituto Affari Internazionali\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

Rada pro spolupr\u00e1ci arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v\u00a0Z\u00e1livu (GCC) je region\u00e1ln\u00ed uskupen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je zn\u00e1mo v\u00fdskytem a t\u011b\u017ebou uhlovod\u00edk\u016f a kter\u00e9 vzniklo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f. Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi EU a GCC prob\u00edhala v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch r\u016fzn\u011b intenzivn\u011b. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b bylo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9 se shodnout v\u00a0ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch politick\u00fdch \u010di v\u00a0ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch technick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce, na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 se vedlo vztah\u016fm investi\u010dn\u00edm a obchodn\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00fd export do zem\u00ed GCC znamenal p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsun zbo\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho na znalosti. A\u010dkoliv kriz\u00ed zasa\u017een\u00e1 EU sn\u00ed\u017eila popt\u00e1vku po uhlovod\u00edc\u00edch z\u00a0tohoto regionu, z\u00e1jem o zbo\u017e\u00ed z\u00a0EU z\u016fstal stabiln\u00ed. Export slu\u017eeb zem\u00ed GCC nebyl nijak v\u00fdrazn\u00fd, naopak velkou \u010d\u00e1st importu slu\u017eeb tvo\u0159il pr\u00e1v\u011b dovoz z EU. D\u016fvodem, pro\u010d export slu\u017eeb \u010di n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed je ze zem\u00ed Z\u00e1livu tak n\u00edzk\u00fd, je nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 lidsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu \u2013 pouze 6 % obyvatel tam dokon\u010dilo terci\u00e1rn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investice (PZI) tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st tok\u016f mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma regiony. Zem\u011b GCC vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed PZI jako mo\u017enost ekonomick\u00e9\u00a0diverzifikace sv\u00fdch p\u0159ebytk\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a skupuj\u00ed tak aktiva v\u00a0EU.<\/p>\n

Koncem 80. let se schylovalo k\u00a0uzav\u0159en\u00ed dohody o voln\u00e9m obchodu mezi EU a GCC, co\u017e by byla prvn\u00ed meziregion\u00e1ln\u00ed dohoda takov\u00e9ho typu, nicm\u00e9n\u011b tato jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ztroskotala. EU m\u00e1 kv\u016fli geopolitick\u00fdm faktor\u016fm nad\u00e1le z\u00e1jem o vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vztah\u016f se zem\u011bmi Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu a dohodou o voln\u00e9m obchodu by mohla utu\u017eovat sv\u00e9 politiky. Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi t\u011bmito regiony je v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 pro ob\u011b strany, EU pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje a GCC se neobejde bez evropsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho know-how. Prost\u0159edkem pro udr\u017eitelnost vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch vztah\u016f by mohla b\u00fdt vit\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce na jihu St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Lid\u00e9 um\u00edraj\u00ed na hranic\u00edch Evropsk\u00e9 unie: Poda\u0159\u00ed se\u00a0na summitu naj\u00edt \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed?<\/a><\/h1>\n

People dying at the EU<\/i>\u2019s external borders: Can the Summit find the right answer?<\/i><\/h3>\n

Yves Pascouau; European Policy Centre<\/h3>\n

\u00a0Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 tragick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti u italsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed znovu o\u017eivily debaty o \u00fasp\u011b\u0161\u00edch a ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161\u00edch Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) v\u00a0oblasti imigra\u010dn\u00ed politiky. Evrop\u0161t\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed se 24. \u0159\u00edjna se\u0161li v\u00a0Bruselu na summitu Evropsk\u00e9 unie, by proto m\u011bli m\u00edsto obvykl\u00fdch trivi\u00e1ln\u00edch debat na toto t\u00e9ma nab\u00eddnout jasn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a stanovit principy, kter\u00e9 by zakl\u00e1daly opravdovou a komplexn\u00ed imigra\u010dn\u00ed a azylovou politiku na celoevropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00edm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d nebyla EU schopn\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit trag\u00e9di\u00edm u sv\u00fdch hranic, je jej\u00ed neschopnost naj\u00edt rovnov\u00e1hu mezi dv\u011bma protich\u016fdn\u00fdmi c\u00edli \u2013 br\u00e1nit se neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed migraci a z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytovat n\u00e1le\u017eitou ochranu \u017eadatel\u016fm o azyl. Dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je fakt, \u017ee \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nebyly dosud schopny p\u0159ijmout legislativu, kter\u00e1 by upravovala procedur\u00e1ln\u00ed pravidla pro z\u00e1chranu na mo\u0159i a vylo\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed. Evropsk\u00e1 rada by proto m\u011bla zaujmout v\u00a0t\u00e9to v\u011bci pevnou pozici a p\u0159im\u011bt ministry k\u00a0rychl\u00e9mu p\u0159ijet\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Ochrana by \u017eadatel\u016fm o azyl m\u011bla b\u00fdt ale poskytnuta u\u017e v\u00a0d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi, nejl\u00e9pe je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0jejich mate\u0159sk\u00e9 zemi. V\u00a0t\u00e9to v\u011bci by m\u011bla hr\u00e1t z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli Evropsk\u00e1 slu\u017eba pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch konzul\u00e1t\u016f zajistit bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch \u017eadatel\u016f o azyl.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0t\u00e9to problematice je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba p\u0159istoupit komplexn\u011bji a zapojit nejen zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku, ale i jin\u00e9 oblasti s\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00fdm dopadem na pohyb osob jako je obchod, rozvojov\u00e1 politika nebo zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. P\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 EU by si tak\u00e9 m\u011bli uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee azylov\u00e1 a imigra\u010dn\u00ed politika by m\u011bly pln\u011b respektovat lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. V\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je t\u0159eba v\u00a0r\u00e1mci evropsk\u00e9ho bloku zachov\u00e1vat solidaritu, a proto by m\u011bly i zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 nejsou p\u0159\u00edmo vystaveny p\u0159\u00edlivu uprchl\u00edk\u016f, n\u00e9st sv\u016fj d\u00edl zodpov\u011bdnosti a pom\u00e1hat sv\u00fdm pohrani\u010dn\u00edm partner\u016fm v\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e prioritou by m\u011bla b\u00fdt z\u00e1chrana lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f.<\/p>\n

\n

Rozvr\u017een\u00ed sil v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu aneb co je v\u00a0s\u00e1zce p\u0159i volb\u00e1ch 2014<\/a><\/i><\/h1>\n

The balance of power in the current European Parliament is crucial for understanding the Issues at stake in the 2014 European election<\/i><\/h3>\n

Doru Frantescu; The London School of Economics and Political Science<\/h3>\n

Datum p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch voleb se kvapem bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a ji\u017e od kv\u011btna 2014 bude m\u00edt Evropsk\u00fd parlament (EP) nov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bude spoluutv\u00e1\u0159et podobu EU po dobu dal\u0161\u00edch p\u011bti let. Ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku Doru Frantescu analyzuje sou\u010dasn\u00e9 d\u011bn\u00ed v post-Lisabonsk\u00e9m Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu a sna\u017e\u00ed se \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit t\u00e9mata, kter\u00e1 se budou prob\u00edrat p\u0159i volb\u00e1ch 2014.<\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka ze v\u0161ech je: Kdo m\u00e1 fakticky moc v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu? Jak\u00e1 strana m\u00e1 v\u016fbec mo\u017enost ovlivnit v\u00fdsledky jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nad pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy prob\u00edran\u00fdmi v\u00a0Parlamentu? Pokud by z\u00e1le\u017eelo pouze na po\u010dtu k\u0159esel v\u00a0EP, nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stranou je Evropsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 strana (EPP), kter\u00e1 je hnedka n\u00e1sledov\u00e1na Pokrokov\u00fdm spojenectv\u00edm socialist\u016f a demokrat\u016f (S&D). EPP z\u00edskala v\u00a0minul\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch jasnou v\u011bt\u0161inu 89 % hlas\u016f.\u00a0 Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu neexistuje stabiln\u00ed opozice, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ze stran nedisponuje ani absolutn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 plat\u00ed, \u017ee tyto v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed strany jsou nejv\u00edce \u201edisciplinovan\u00e9\u201c a jejich \u010dlenov\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou \u201epospolu\u201c. Av\u0161ak tato soudru\u017enost se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech politiky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad EPP je soudr\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e S&D p\u0159i hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, ale m\u00e9n\u011b soudr\u017en\u00e1, pokud jde o hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti ob\u010dansk\u00fdch svobod.\u00a0 V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee po volb\u00e1ch z\u00edskaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed k\u0159esel strany s\u00a0v\u00edce euroskeptick\u00fdm programem a radik\u00e1ln\u00ed strany. Tyto strany, a\u010dkoliv m\u016f\u017eou m\u00edt men\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed, mohou p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00edskat dokonce v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv v\u00a0EP ne\u017e by se mohlo zd\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Jak se tedy vyznat v\u00a0pr\u00e1ci Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a zjistit, jakou stranu volit? Nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 organizace VoteWatch<\/a>, kter\u00e1 dlouhodob\u011b sleduje pr\u00e1ci Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady ministr\u016f EU, nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 datab\u00e1zi, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echna jmenovit\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed na plen\u00e1rn\u00edch zased\u00e1n\u00edch Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu. D\u00edky VoteWatch mohou ob\u010dan\u00e9 EU p\u0159edv\u00eddat, jak\u00fdm sm\u011brem se budou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy EU ub\u00edrat, i kdy\u017e budou fakticky je\u0161t\u011b neschv\u00e1len\u00e9.\u00a0 Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem byl d\u00e1le spu\u0161t\u011bn projekt Myvote2014, kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje na p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed politiky EU pro mlad\u0161\u00ed generace.\u00a0 Na webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce Myvote2014.eu<\/a> si m\u016f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd vyzkou\u0161et postupn\u011b zvolit vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor na 15 zadan\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek, o kter\u00fdch hlasoval EP v\u00a0minul\u00fdch p\u011bti letech (sjednocen\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, politika zam\u011bstnanosti, p\u0159ist\u011bhovalectv\u00ed nebo kontroverzn\u00ed dohody ACTA). Na webu si pak ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 porovnat sv\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch poslanc\u016f, a t\u00edm zjistit, kter\u00fd mu je sv\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0 Auto\u0159i projektu si t\u00edmto slibuj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 v\u00edce pochop\u00ed \u010dinnost EP, a t\u00edm se budou v\u00edce zaj\u00edmat o volby v\u00a0roce 2014 tak, aby p\u0159inesly co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prosp\u011bch pr\u00e1v\u011b ob\u010dan\u016fm EU.<\/p>\n

\n

Zhodnocen\u00ed Strategie EU pro region Baltsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e<\/a><\/h1>\n

Assessing the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region<\/i><\/h3>\n

Kristine Kern a Stefan G\u00e4nzle; Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies<\/h3>\n

\u00a0V roce 2009 zah\u00e1jila Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) svou prvn\u00ed makroregion\u00e1ln\u00ed strategii, a to Strategii EU pro region Baltsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e (EUSBSR), jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed oblasti pro funk\u010dn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci v odv\u011btv\u00edch, jako je \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd rozvoj a dopravn\u00ed infrastruktura. Strategie se sna\u017e\u00ed podporovat jak smlouvy na b\u00e1zi principu \u00fazemn\u00ed soudr\u017enosti, tak implementaci strategie Evropy 2020 na makroregion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

Strategie p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti spr\u00e1vy a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esahuj\u00ed r\u00e1mce \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f nebo \u00farovn\u011b EU a kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it sjednocen\u00edm relevantn\u00ed sektorov\u00e9 politiky. Velkou p\u0159ednost\u00ed t\u00e9to Strategie je aktivn\u00ed zapojov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU do projektu. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st Rusko, kde po kru\u0161n\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159ineslo partnerstv\u00ed ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m zna\u010dn\u00e1 pozitiva, a to zejm\u00e9na v oblastech jako \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ochrana kvality vody \u010di inovace. \u00dasp\u011bch Strategie je nejv\u00edce patrn\u00fd u v\u00edce ne\u017e sta st\u011b\u017eejn\u00edch projekt\u016f \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad u projektu \u201eCleanShip\u201c, kter\u00fd usiluje o \u00fatlum zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z lod\u00ed, nebo BALTFISH, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je lep\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce v ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politice.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit podstatu celkov\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu t\u00e9to Strategie. Do velk\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1vis\u00ed na nov\u00fdch v\u00edcelet\u00fdch p\u0159edpisech finan\u010dn\u00edho r\u00e1mce na obdob\u00ed 2014-2020. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee lep\u0161\u00ed propojen\u00ed a zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed zdroj\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 probl\u00e9mem, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s ohledem na financov\u00e1n\u00ed strategick\u00fdch aktivit. Strategie zlep\u0161uje st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy EU, proto\u017ee projekty v r\u00e1mci n\u00ed jsou s\u00a0p\u0159edpisy spojeny.<\/p>\n

EUSBSR m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt k nov\u00e9mu nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edmu a flexibiln\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zajist\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f na multilater\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni. D\u00e1le m\u016f\u017ee Strategie p\u0159isp\u011bt k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00ed realizaci pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f EU \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a partnersk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a z\u00e1rove\u0148 k n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 systematick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed integraci EU s\u00a0EUSBSR. V\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee Strategie nakonec st\u00e1t solidn\u00ed platformou pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f na makroregion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni, co\u017e by vedlo k synchronizaci, kter\u00e1 by nesm\u011bla b\u00fdt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jednotliv\u00fdmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty EU, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed podpory mezi institucemi EU, \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi. I kdy\u017e celkov\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, lze doj\u00edt k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee EUSBSR dos\u00e1hla v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho pokroku od sv\u00e9ho vzniku v\u00a0roce 2009.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Budou Unii po volb\u00e1ch vl\u00e1dnout euroskeptick\u00e9 strany? D\u00e1 Ukrajina p\u0159ednost partnerstv\u00ed s EU, nebo celn\u00ed unii s Ruskem? A pro\u010d nepom\u016f\u017ee “p\u0159i\u0161krtit” dotace obnoviteln\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nCo je v s\u00e1zce ve volb\u00e1ch 2014 - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/co-je-v-sazce-ve-volbach-2014\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Co je v s\u00e1zce ve volb\u00e1ch 2014 - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Budou Unii po volb\u00e1ch vl\u00e1dnout euroskeptick\u00e9 strany? 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