{"id":5008,"date":"2013-08-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-07-31T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/inovace-nadejne-vyhlidky-nebo-ponury-dum-2\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:18:56","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:18:56","slug":"inovace-nadejne-vyhlidky-nebo-ponury-dum-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/inovace-nadejne-vyhlidky-nebo-ponury-dum-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Inovace – nad\u011bjn\u00e9 vyhl\u00eddky nebo ponur\u00fd d\u016fm?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm d\u011bl anglick\u00e9ho spisovatele Charlese Dickense je titulek tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku zajist\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00fd. Zv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li, \u017ee jmenovan\u00e9 knihy psal v ru\u0161n\u00e9 dob\u011b pln\u00e9 inovac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u0161ly ruku v ruce s industrializac\u00ed, sed\u00ed jejich n\u00e1zvy vlastn\u011b i na dobu na\u0161i, kdy pozorujeme glob\u00e1ln\u00ed procesy poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 \u0159adou nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Jen\u017ee tyto procesy \u010dasto prob\u00edhaj\u00ed na popud mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch z\u00e1jmu, jen\u017e nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b zohled\u0148ovat jednotliv\u00e9 regiony a st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

Co to znamen\u00e1 pro jednotliv\u00e9 tv\u016frce politik v Evrop\u011b?<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 dokumenty nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00fdchodiska z ekonomick\u00e9ho propadu v investic\u00edch do v\u011bdy, in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a technologie. Argumentuj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee skrze investice do t\u011bchto oblast\u00ed lze z\u00edskat znalosti, kter\u00e9 jsou nutn\u00e9 k pozvednut\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch ekonomik, generov\u00e1n\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. V politick\u00fdch dokumentech je to br\u00e1no jako line\u00e1rn\u00ed proces. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b vlo\u017e\u00edme pen\u00edze, na druh\u00e9 pak vypadnou pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta a pen\u00edze.<\/p>\n

Co by se tomu dalo vytknout? D\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ece smysl, \u017ee prvenstv\u00ed na poli v\u011bdeck\u00fdch inovac\u00ed prop\u016fj\u010duje podnik\u016fm konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu a umo\u017e\u0148uje region\u016fm odli\u0161it se. Ale funguje to tak doopravdy? Od v\u011bdy si slibujeme nad\u011bjn\u00e9 vyhl\u00eddky. Opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b? M\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee v\u011bdeck\u00e9 objevy p\u0159inesou nov\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta a bohatstv\u00ed, jak tvrd\u00ed politick\u00e9 dokumenty?<\/p>\n

Inu, mo\u017en\u00e1 by neu\u0161kodilo pod\u00edvat se na to, o jak\u00e9 inovace jde. V\u011bdci jsou \u010dasto fascinov\u00e1ni t\u00e9maty, kter\u00e9 s trhy nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Kdy\u017e se jim poda\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edt se skute\u010dn\u011b pr\u016flomovou my\u0161lenkou, nap\u0159\u00edklad s inovac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 naprosto zm\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed pracuj\u00ed, o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, \u017ee to zajist\u00e9 pozitivn\u011b ovlivn\u00ed m\u011bsto \u010di zemi, ve kter\u00e9 se oni v\u011bdci nach\u00e1zej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Grafenov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 to zn\u00ed rozumn\u011b. Odpov\u011bd\u00ed je v\u0161ak pouze snad nebo dokonce i ne, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pozitivn\u00ed vliv na m\u011bsto \u010di zemi nemaj\u00ed. N\u00e1zorn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je objev grafenu, za kter\u00fd obdr\u017eeli v roce 2010 dva v\u011bdci z University of Manchester Nobelovu cenu. Zv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li vlastnosti grafenu, p\u0159edstavuje tento objev miln\u00edk v inovac\u00edch spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 elektroniky. Tato presti\u017en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed cena tedy ur\u010dit\u011b zanechala pozitivn\u00ed stopy na pracovn\u00edm trhu a na m\u00ed\u0159e bohatstv\u00ed regionu, \u017ee ano?<\/p>\n

Bohu\u017eel ne. Z v\u00edce ne\u017e 7 500 grafenov\u00fdch patent\u016f zaregistrovan\u00fdch k dubnu tohoto roku poch\u00e1zelo m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 1 % z Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie. V\u00fdzkum vyu\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00fdch grafenov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 jinde. To sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed o ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch investic\u00edch. A\u010dkoli britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da investovala do nov\u00fdch grafenov\u00fdch center, mnohem objemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 investice putovaly do \u0160v\u00e9dska, a nikoli do Manchesteru. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee profeso\u0159i z University of Manchester do v\u00fdzkum\u016f zapojeni budou, ale ot\u00e1zkou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, kolik pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst a finan\u010dn\u00edch zdroj\u016f t\u00edm Manchester z\u00edsk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Nevypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee by se touhle cestou dalo doc\u00edlit pozitivn\u00edch efekt\u016f v regionu, nap\u0159. nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. A ani bychom to proto nem\u011bli o\u010dek\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n

Na vin\u011b je z\u010d\u00e1sti pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd kontext vyu\u017eit\u00ed grafenu – elektronika, mobiln\u00ed technologie atd. a geografick\u00e9 rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed mnoha glob\u00e1ln\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f v t\u011bchto odv\u011btv\u00edch. Cel\u00e1 \u0159ada \u00a0grafenov\u00fdch patent\u016f tak poch\u00e1z\u00ed z dalek\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu, nebo\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b tam se kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di nach\u00e1zej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Skryt\u00e1 hodnota postupn\u00fdch inovac\u00ed<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Postupn\u00e9 inovace u\u017e u tv\u016frc\u016f politik tak obl\u00edben\u00e9 nejsou. Nobelovu cenu za n\u011b z\u0159ejm\u011b neobdr\u017e\u00edte, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b ony mohou m\u00edt siln\u00fd tr\u017en\u00ed dopad. Postupn\u00e9 inovace znamenaj\u00ed jednu \u010di v\u00edce mal\u00fdch vylep\u0161en\u00ed ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00fdrobku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je zaji\u0161t\u011bna jeho dlouhodob\u00e1 konkurenceschopnost. Postupn\u00e9 inovace vy\u017eaduj\u00ed proaktivn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, vyv\u00edjen\u00ed nov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spolu se z\u00e1kazn\u00edky, nab\u00edzen\u00ed nov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a produkt\u016f tak, aby odr\u00e1\u017eely nyn\u00ed pozorovan\u00e9 a do budoucnosti p\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00e9 pot\u0159eby.<\/p>\n

Ve spojitosti s webem lze objevit \u0159adu[M1]<\/a>\u00a0 postupn\u00fdch inovac\u00ed, nap\u0159. technologick\u00e9 produkty jako iPady, inovace od Googlu a m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1padn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady jako v\u00edceb\u0159itv\u00e9 hol\u00edc\u00ed stojky a cyklistick\u00e9 inovace. Maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 to, \u017ee vyu\u017eili r\u016fzn\u00fdch technik a materi\u00e1l\u016f, aby uspokojili pot\u0159eby spot\u0159ebitel\u016f. T\u00edm, \u017ee \u00fazce spolupracuj\u00ed se z\u00e1kazn\u00edky, soused\u00ed jejich v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj tak\u0159ka s trhem, a proto dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nov\u011b vyvinut\u00e9 produkty prodat rychleji.<\/p>\n

Do procesu v\u00fdvoje inovac\u00ed zasahuj\u00ed tud\u00ed\u017e tak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje byznysu, managementu a designu, a nejen v\u011bd\u011bck\u00e9 a technologick\u00e9 objevy. Sna\u017e\u00edm se t\u00edm zpochybnit d\u016fle\u017eitost v\u011bdeck\u00fdch objev\u016f? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee ne. Av\u0161ak je nutn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit kontext a sou\u010dasn\u011b se soust\u0159edit na to, co je mo\u017en\u00e9 pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst vykonat.<\/p>\n

Co to tedy v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku znamen\u00e1 pro zem\u011b jako \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, kter\u00e9 se vrhaj\u00ed do prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f a program\u016f inovac\u00ed za podpory struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch fond\u016f? Soust\u0159edit se na sv\u00e9 ji\u017e rozvinut\u00e9 siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, kl\u00e1st d\u016fraz nejen na radik\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale i postupn\u00e9 inovace, vyvinout strategii pro p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 vyv\u00edjej\u00ed ved\u011bck\u00e1 a technologick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed – to zhruba jsou ve zkratce prvn\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 kroky. <\/i>S nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed tyto z\u00e1klady zaru\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee se jim investice vr\u00e1t\u00ed na m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni. Nen\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit tyto na\u0161e nad\u011bjn\u00e9 vyhl\u00eddky, ne\u017e-li skon\u010dit v ponur\u00e9m dom\u011b?<\/p>\n

Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed Dickense mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b tak dob\u0159e neznaj\u00ed, doporu\u010duji tuto postupnou inovaci zn\u00e1mou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161em – Wikipedii.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nad\u011bjn\u00e9 vyhl\u00eddky: \u00a0https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nad%C4%9Bjn%C3%A9_vyhl%C3%ADdky <\/a><\/span><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

Ponur\u00fd d\u016fm: https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ponur%C3%BD_d%C5%AFm<\/a><\/span>.<\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Autor: Lynn Martin, Manchester Metropolitan University<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm d\u011bl anglick\u00e9ho spisovatele Charlese Dickense je titulek tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku zajist\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00fd. Zv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li, \u017ee jmenovan\u00e9 knihy psal v ru\u0161n\u00e9 dob\u011b pln\u00e9 inovac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u0161ly ruku v ruce s industrializac\u00ed, sed\u00ed jejich n\u00e1zvy vlastn\u011b i na dobu na\u0161i, kdy pozorujeme glob\u00e1ln\u00ed procesy poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 \u0159adou nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Jen\u017ee tyto procesy \u010dasto prob\u00edhaj\u00ed na popud mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch z\u00e1jmu, jen\u017e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nInovace - nad\u011bjn\u00e9 vyhl\u00eddky nebo ponur\u00fd d\u016fm? - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/inovace-nadejne-vyhlidky-nebo-ponury-dum-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inovace - nad\u011bjn\u00e9 vyhl\u00eddky nebo ponur\u00fd d\u016fm? - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u010cten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm d\u011bl anglick\u00e9ho spisovatele Charlese Dickense je titulek tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku zajist\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00fd. 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