{"id":5002,"date":"2013-07-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/analyza-kam-evropa-po-cervnove-rade-smeruje\/"},"modified":"2013-07-06T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-07-05T22:00:00","slug":"analyza-kam-evropa-po-cervnove-rade-smeruje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/analyza-kam-evropa-po-cervnove-rade-smeruje\/","title":{"rendered":"Anal\u00fdza: Kam Evropa po \u010dervnov\u00e9 Rad\u011b sm\u011b\u0159uje?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cesk\u00fd premi\u00e9r v demisi se po t\u0159ech letech lou\u010dil s evropsk\u00fdmi l\u00eddry. Summit se zab\u00fdval z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami, ji\u017e podruh\u00e9 se Visegr\u00e1dsk\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159ce poda\u0159ilo zformulovat spole\u010dnou pozici.<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm summitu Evropsk\u00e9 rady se trialog shodl na tzv. infrastrukturn\u00edm fondu. Jedn\u00e1 se o N\u00e1stroj pro propojen\u00ed Evropy<\/b> (CEF; Connecting Europe Facility), kter\u00fd m\u00e1 slou\u017eit pro financov\u00e1n\u00ed strategick\u00fdch projekt\u016f spole\u010dn\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu v\u00a0oblasti dopravy, energetiky nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00edcelet\u00fd rozpo\u010det EU<\/h2>\n

Zhruba ve stejnou dobu se \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty s\u00a0Evropsk\u00fdm parlamentem shodly tak\u00e9 na podob\u011b v\u00edcelet\u00e9ho finan\u010dn\u00edho r\u00e1mce pro obdob\u00ed 2014-2020<\/b>. O\u010dek\u00e1valo se, \u017ee bude p\u0159edm\u011btem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e na samotn\u00e9m summitu, a\u010dkoli nebyl uveden na ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm programu. P\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f se shodli na \u010d\u00e1stce rozpo\u010dtu, kter\u00e1 se od \u00fanorov\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu Evropsk\u00e9 rady, tedy 960 miliard \u20ac v\u00a0z\u00e1vazc\u00edch, respektive 908 miliard \u20ac v\u00a0platb\u00e1ch, neli\u0161\u00ed. Finan\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec v\u0161ak z\u00edskal v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilitu, aby bylo umo\u017en\u011bno pln\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00edcelet\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu – tzn., \u017ee finance, kter\u00e9 nebudou v\u00a0jednom roce utraceny, bude moci \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t vyu\u017e\u00edt v roce\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm (bez omezen\u00ed b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed let programovac\u00edho obdob\u00ed). V\u00a0roce 2018 bude mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e9st a\u017e 7 miliard \u20ac, v\u00a0roce 2019 a\u017e 9 miliard \u20ac a v\u00a0roce 2020 to bude 10 miliard \u20ac.<\/p>\n

Rabat Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Britsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r\u00a0David Cameron, kter\u00fd dle p\u0159edsedy EP Martina Schulze nen\u00ed nikdy spokojen v ot\u00e1zce rozpo\u010dtu EU,\u00a0znovu otev\u0159el souvisej\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zku britsk\u00e9ho rabatu. Trval na tom, aby se Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii z\u00a0jej\u00edho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku do rozpo\u010dtu vracel i nad\u00e1le cel\u00fd obnos. Jedn\u00e1 se o cca 200 milion\u016f \u20ac z\u00a0celkov\u00fdch 3,6 miliardy, kter\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie dost\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b z\u00a0pokladny EU. Hrozilo toti\u017e, \u017ee reforma Spole\u010dn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 politiky tuto \u010d\u00e1stku ze\u0161t\u00edhl\u00ed. Summit v\u0161ak v\u00edcelet\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec ve prosp\u011bch britsk\u00e9ho rabatu podpo\u0159il.<\/p>\n

Nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0ot\u00e1zce, kter\u00e1 se stala jedn\u00edm z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch t\u00e9mat summitu, se z\u00e1stupci \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f shodli, \u017ee mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 byli dopady hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize tvrd\u011b zasa\u017eeni. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich se po ukon\u010den\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu ocitla bez pr\u00e1ce a m\u00edra nezam\u011bstnanosti ml\u00e1de\u017ee v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech v Evrop\u011b nyn\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esahuje 25 %.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd rozpo\u010det, na n\u011bm\u017e se vyjednava\u010di EU shodli na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli p\u0159ed summitem a zabr\u00e1nili tak ostud\u011b, kdy by EU vedla summit zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na pr\u00e1ci bez mo\u017enosti p\u0159id\u011blit pen\u00edze na boj s\u00a0nezam\u011bstnanost\u00ed, zahrnuje i Iniciativu na podporu zam\u011bstnanosti ml\u00e1de\u017ee. Rozpo\u010det 6 miliard \u20ac m\u00e1 b\u00fdt flexibiln\u011b nav\u00fd\u0161en o dal\u0161\u00ed 2 miliardy. Kompromisn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh toti\u017e obsahuje tak\u00e9 tzv. frontloading v\u00fddaj\u016f na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 t\u00e9mata, jako je pr\u00e1v\u011b zam\u011bstnanost ml\u00e1de\u017ee, ale i v\u00fdzkum a dal\u0161\u00ed programy pro mlad\u00e9 nebo p\u016fj\u010dky mal\u00fdm podnik\u016fm. Finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky budou k\u00a0dispozici p\u0159ednostn\u011b u\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku programovac\u00edho obdob\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak tak\u00e9, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed neutracen\u00e9 pen\u00edze z\u00a0rozpo\u010dtu budou p\u0159ednostn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pr\u00e1v\u011b na boj s\u00a0nezam\u011bstnanost\u00ed. Podle odhad\u016f by mohlo j\u00edt a\u017e o dal\u0161\u00ed 2 miliardy \u20ac. Oz\u00fdvaj\u00ed se v\u0161ak kritick\u00e9 hlasy, \u017ee tyto \u010d\u00e1stky budou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9, aby mohly n\u011bco opravdu zm\u011bnit na 26 milionech nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0iniciativy budou financov\u00e1ny tzv. Z\u00e1ruky pro mlad\u00e9, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly lidem mlad\u0161\u00edm 25 let, do \u010dty\u0159 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f od ukon\u010den\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed nebo ztr\u00e1ty zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, zajistit dal\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, novou pr\u00e1ci nebo st\u00e1\u017e. Prost\u0159edky na Z\u00e1ruky budou vyu\u017e\u00edvat regiony s\u00a0m\u00edrou nezam\u011bstnanosti mlad\u00fdch p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 25 %. Aby byl tento syst\u00e9m efektivn\u00ed, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt podle \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f implementov\u00e1n co nejrychleji. 6 miliard \u20ac tak bude \u010dlensk\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dami dle p\u0159edsedy Evropsk\u00e9 rady rozd\u011bleno v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch dvou letech. St\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 budou tyto prost\u0159edky \u010derpat, by m\u011bly p\u0159ijmout pl\u00e1ny na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanosti ml\u00e1de\u017ee do konce tohoto roku. Ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b by je m\u011bly n\u00e1sledovat v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 2014.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 investi\u010dn\u00ed banka (EIB) m\u00e1 nav\u00edc p\u016fj\u010dkami v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dech stovek miliard \u20ac pom\u00e1hat mal\u00fdm podnik\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou pro ekonomiku zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Poslanci Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu tak zajistili, aby byl rozpo\u010det EU opravdu ihned a v\u00a0pln\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i dostupn\u00fd, a d\u00e1le aby Komise zv\u00e1\u017eila p\u0159\u00edpravu p\u011btilet\u00fdch rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch cykl\u016f v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0mand\u00e1tem instituc\u00ed EU.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed bez pr\u00e1ce by se podle z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 rady m\u011bl prom\u00edtnout i do dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed jako nap\u0159. implementace struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch fond\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed roli by zde m\u011bl hr\u00e1t Evropsk\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u00ed fond, a to podporou vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst pro mlad\u00e9. Dal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojem by pak m\u011blo b\u00fdt zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed mobility ml\u00e1de\u017ee pomoc\u00ed program\u016f \u201eTvoje prvn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce p\u0159es EURES\u201c nebo \u201eErasmus+\u201c. Evropsk\u00e1 rada v\u0161ak zd\u016fraznila, \u017ee \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mus\u00ed jednat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm samy, reformov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a trhu pr\u00e1ce. EU je v\u00a0t\u011bchto snah\u00e1ch podpo\u0159\u00ed a usnadn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu jejich zku\u0161enost\u00ed a praktik, kter\u00e9 se nejl\u00e9pe osv\u011bd\u010dily.<\/p>\n

Bruselsk\u00fd think tank Bruegel<\/a> se ale domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee EU chybovala, kdy\u017e se zam\u011b\u0159ila v\u00fdhradn\u011b na nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch, m\u00edsto aby se sna\u017eila podpo\u0159it r\u016fst jako celek. Jestli chce Evropa v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zabr\u00e1nit tzv. Ztracen\u00e9 generaci nezam\u011bstnan\u00e9 ml\u00e1de\u017ee, mus\u00ed brzy realizovat mnohem \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, ne\u017e jsou pouh\u00e9 Z\u00e1ruky pro mlad\u00e9 (Youth Guarantee). Tradi\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jako da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00falevy spole\u010dnostem tak\u00e9 o\u010dividn\u011b selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee podniky investuj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e do v\u00fdzkumu, v\u00fdvoje a marketingu ne\u017e do n\u00e1boru nekvalifikovan\u00fdch nebo nemotivovan\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bankovn\u00ed unie<\/h2>\n

Pro posun v budov\u00e1n\u00ed bankovn\u00ed unie, je zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e1 stabilita euroz\u00f3ny. Komise proto p\u0159isl\u00edbila, \u017ee do dvou t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1vrh, jak \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m krachuj\u00edc\u00edch bank. Kritiku nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho pokroku v\u00a0ot\u00e1zce bankovn\u00ed unie odm\u00edtli \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci summitu s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee nejd\u0159\u00edve je pot\u0159eba vyty\u010dit si d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 body, aby bylo jasn\u00e9, jak\u00e9 kroky je t\u0159eba podniknout d\u00e1le. EU m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed jasn\u00fd itiner\u00e1\u0159, podle n\u011bj\u017e v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty projednaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zku, co \u010din\u00ed jejich ekonomiky konkurenceschopn\u00fdmi, a v\u00a0prosinci dojednaj\u00ed z\u00e1vaznost doporu\u010den\u00ed Komise pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou politiku.<\/p>\n

N\u011bmecko, kter\u00e9 se dokonce, av\u0161ak ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b, cht\u011blo zbavit samotn\u00e9ho term\u00ednu bankovn\u00ed unie, bez \u0161petky entuziasmu ohledn\u011b n\u00e1vrh\u016f bankovn\u00ed unie, prosadilo vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u016fvodn\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f jako nap\u0159. \u201esiln\u00fdch rozhodovac\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by umo\u017enily rychl\u00e9, efektivn\u00ed a koherentn\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni\u201c, proto\u017ee z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jedin\u00e9ho rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edho org\u00e1nu bude vy\u017eadovat zm\u011bnu smluv, jak znovu zd\u016fraznila Merkelov\u00e1. Evropsk\u00e1 komise v\u0161ak spolu s\u00a0Franci\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0tomto ohledu mohou b\u00fdt smlouvy oh\u00fdb\u00e1ny dostate\u010dn\u011b ke z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed autority.<\/p>\n

Podle Financial Times<\/a> je dohoda ministr\u016f financ\u00ed na pravidlech ne\u010dist\u00fdm a nedokonal\u00fdm kompromisem, ale tak\u00e9 krokem spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Kone\u010dn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik klad\u016f, mj. princip kauc\u00ed. Kdyby tu byl d\u0159\u00edve, mohla b\u00fdt odvr\u00e1cena situace v\u00a0Irsku \u010di \u0160pan\u011blsku. Av\u0161ak pravidla flexibility poskytuj\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 velk\u00fd prostor pro nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost, recept na rozvrat a regulatorn\u00ed arbitr\u00e1\u017e. Chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed brzda podle Wolfganga Munchau d\u011bl\u00e1 bankovn\u00ed unii ekonomicky irelevantn\u00ed a krize tak m\u016f\u017ee bez ust\u00e1n\u00ed pokra\u010dovat. V\u011bt\u0161ina instituc\u00ed k\u00a0z\u00e1chran\u011b je dom\u00e1c\u00edch, co\u017e zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 dluh finan\u010dn\u00edho sektoru beze zm\u011bn. Krizov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bez takov\u00e9ho centr\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1stroje (brzdy) s\u00a0ur\u010ditost\u00ed pouze prodlou\u017e\u00ed depresi na periferii. To tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nad\u0161en\u00fd postoj N\u011bmecka. Jak je mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u00edt centr\u00e1ln\u00ed org\u00e1n v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edm financov\u00e1n\u00edm? S\u00a0pouh\u00fdmi 60 miliardami \u20ac ur\u010den\u00fdmi na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed skrze ESM je pot\u0159eba b\u00fdt hodn\u011b optimistick\u00fd ohledn\u011b pot\u0159eb rekapitalizace. N\u011bmecko o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee bude pot\u0159eba opravdu rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f na financov\u00e1n\u00ed, a proto zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 opatrn\u00fd postoj.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br dlouhou, ale nakonec ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou, debatu o Britsk\u00e9m rabatu zah\u00e1jila p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b Francie kritikou sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho p\u0159edsedy Evropsk\u00e9 komise Jos\u00e9 Manuela Barrosa. Na v\u00fdzvu, \u017ee by m\u011bl rad\u011bji rezignovat, reagoval pouze t\u00edm, \u017ee na n\u011bkter\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e mu v\u016fbec nestoj\u00ed za to odpov\u00eddat. Irsko tak m\u011blo spoustu pr\u00e1ce se snahou znovu summit naladit na veselej\u0161\u00ed notu. Nab\u00eddlo britsk\u00fdm a dal\u0161\u00edm v\u011b\u0159itel\u016fm z\u00e1ruky, co\u017e je krok, kv\u016fli kter\u00e9mu museli v\u00a0roce 2010 hledat finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc zaji\u0161\u0165ovanou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm N\u011bmeckem. To se Angele Merkelov\u00e9 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ani tentokr\u00e1te nezd\u00e1lo jako sch\u016fdn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Doporu\u010den\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 Komise<\/h2>\n

\u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se k\u00a0doporu\u010den\u00edm Komise mohly vyj\u00e1d\u0159it p\u0159ed summitem, kter\u00e1 pak byla schv\u00e1lena na Evropsk\u00e9 rad\u011b. Nyn\u00ed by je m\u011bly reflektovat p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch reforem a st\u00e1tn\u00edch rozpo\u010dt\u016f na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok. Jejich implementaci budou sledovat jak Komise, tak i Rada EU. \u010clensk\u00e9 zem\u011b by podle \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f summitu m\u011bly sv\u00e9 reformy zrychlit, a podpo\u0159it tak snahu o nastolen\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy v\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 ekonomice a obnoven\u00ed konkurenceschopnosti. D\u00e1le zd\u016fraznili, \u017ee krom\u011b \u00faspor je nyn\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b i podpora hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu.<\/p>\n

Pro \u010ceskou republiku z\u016fstala leto\u0161n\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed velmi podobn\u00e1 t\u011bm z\u00a0minul\u00e9ho roku, i kdy\u017e se nap\u0159\u00edklad poda\u0159ilo v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed konsolidaci. Probl\u00e9my v\u00a0oblasti trhu pr\u00e1ce, udr\u017eitelnosti ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed a efektivn\u00edho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy, \u010di boje s\u00a0korupc\u00ed, v\u0161ak p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed. \u010cesko by m\u011blo posilovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dom\u00e1c\u00ed zdroje r\u016fstu a rozv\u00edjet sv\u016fj potenci\u00e1l sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm k\u00a0ekonomice zalo\u017een\u00e9 na znalostech.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da vn\u00edm\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise a Evropsk\u00e9 rady jako dal\u0161\u00ed impuls pro sv\u00e9 reformy. Sna\u017e\u00ed se doporu\u010den\u00ed vn\u00edmat konstruktivn\u011b a uv\u00e1d\u011bt je do praxe. Pro je\u0161t\u011b bezprobl\u00e9mov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci by si \u010cR v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavovala jak v\u00edce \u010dasu na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednek, tak i u\u017e\u0161\u00ed koordinaci p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b analytick\u00fdch podklad\u016f pro n\u00e1vrhy doporu\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vypracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci Komise. Zabr\u00e1nilo by to nap\u0159. nep\u0159esnostem kv\u016fli zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00fdch verz\u00ed n\u00e1vrh\u016f ne\u017e t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 vl\u00e1da aktu\u00e1ln\u011b projedn\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a pracuj\u00edc\u00ed matky<\/h3>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice je neust\u00e1le rostouc\u00ed po\u010det chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch m\u00edst v\u00a0jesl\u00edch a mate\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. V\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00edm roce odm\u00edtly \u0161kolky t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 59 tis\u00edc \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed a \u010cR tak m\u00e1 v\u016fbec nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 zam\u011bstnanosti \u017een s\u00a0mal\u00fdmi d\u011btmi v\u00a0cel\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unii. V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice pracuje pouze 36 % matek vychov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch d\u00edt\u011b mlad\u0161\u00ed 15 let, zat\u00edmco nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0zem\u00edch Skandin\u00e1vie toto \u010d\u00edslo p\u0159esahuje 70 %.<\/p>\n

P\u0159itom investice do p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed prokazateln\u011b p\u0159edstavuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vratnost, nebo\u0165 d\u00edky neurologick\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji v\u00a0ran\u00e9m obdob\u00ed \u017eivota, je ran\u00e1 intervence nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Kvalitn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00ed programy zlep\u0161uj\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fdsledky a \u0161koln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pozitivn\u00ed efekty jsou siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0chudob\u011b a d\u011bt\u00ed, jejich\u017e rodi\u010de maj\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na doporu\u010den\u00ed Komise zv\u00fd\u0161it integraci romsk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed do syst\u00e9mu p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161ak objevilo mnoho nespokojen\u00fdch reakc\u00ed (na nedokonalost n\u00e1vrhu), p\u0159esto\u017ee podle Komise nedostatek m\u00edst v\u00a0jesl\u00edch a \u0161kol\u00e1ch m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek, \u017ee tyto d\u011bti nesta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fduce na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole a jsou p\u0159e\u0159azov\u00e1ny do \u0161kol praktick\u00fdch, a pozd\u011bji nejsou schopny p\u0159ed\u00e1vat sv\u00fdm d\u011btem z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u011bdomosti nutn\u00e9 k\u00a0\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se tak za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edd\u016fchody a od\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f<\/h3>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 komise \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v\u00a0oblasti d\u016fchod\u016f mimo jin\u00e9 vyt\u00fdk\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to, \u017ee \u201ev\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0jej\u00edmi lo\u0148sk\u00fdmi doporu\u010den\u00edmi zavedla nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho odchodu do d\u016fchodu, jen\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enost \u010derpat d\u016fchod po dobu a\u017e p\u011bti let p\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm z\u00e1konn\u00e9 v\u011bkov\u00e9 hranice odchodu do d\u016fchodu.\u201c Doporu\u010duje proto tento syst\u00e9m omezit. \u00a0Bez ohledu na to, zda krit\u00e9ria zp\u016fsobilosti pro p\u0159\u00edstup k re\u017eimu skute\u010dn\u011b spln\u00ed pouze omezen\u00fd po\u010det osob, toto opat\u0159en\u00ed jeho p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016fm umo\u017en\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt d\u0159\u00edve nahromad\u011bnou ve\u0159ejnou dotaci k \u00fa\u010delu, kter\u00fd odporuje politice del\u0161\u00edho pracovn\u00edho \u017eivota. Jako \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu nezam\u011bstnanosti je to velmi kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed. P\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 d\u016fchody by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v omezen\u00e9m rozsahu, zejm\u00e9na pro osoby se zdravotn\u00edmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi. St\u00e1t by se naopak m\u011bl sna\u017eit zv\u00fd\u0161it zam\u011bstnatelnost star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed, co\u017e stoj\u00ed i v\u00a0doporu\u010den\u00ed Komise.<\/p>\n

Popovod\u0148ov\u00e1 pomoc EU<\/h2>\n

Odstupuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Petr Ne\u010das odj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl na summit Evropsk\u00e9 rady odhodlan\u00fd otev\u0159\u00edt jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o pomoci st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm zasa\u017een\u00fdch v posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch povodn\u011bmi. Jako n\u00e1stroje ozna\u010dil prost\u0159edky z fondu stability, ale i p\u0159esuny mezi opera\u010dn\u00edmi programy v r\u00e1mci struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch fond\u016f EU (nutnost zmobilizovat v\u0161echny dostupn\u00e9 zdroje v\u00a0r\u00e1mci fondu solidarity, kohezn\u00edch fond\u016f a fondu region\u00e1ln\u00edho rozvoje).<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika, kter\u00e1 svou pozici na Evropskou radu historicky teprve podruh\u00e9 koordinovala v\u00a0r\u00e1mci partnerstv\u00ed Visegr\u00e1dsk\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159ky, z\u00edskala k n\u00e1vrhu podporu i Slovenska, Ma\u010farska, Polska, Rakouska a N\u011bmecka. V\u00fdsledkem spojen\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed pak byl bod 17 Z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 rady, kde se evrop\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 shodli na p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoci z\u00a0fond\u016f EU posti\u017een\u00fdm oblastem a vyzvali Komisi k\u00a0rychl\u00e9mu vy\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed, aby nejh\u016f\u0159e zasa\u017een\u00fdm oblastem \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f mohla b\u00fdt poskytnuta pomoc neprodlen\u011b.<\/p>\n

Roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed EU<\/h2>\n

P\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 EU na p\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed summitu p\u0159iv\u00edtali Chorvatsko na sam\u00e9m prahu vstupu do EU (populace EU se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed jen nepatrn\u011b z 502.4 milion\u016f na 506.8 milion\u016f), a dohodli se, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se Srbskem budou otev\u0159ena nejpozd\u011bji do ledna 2014. N\u011bmecko zdr\u017eovalo jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce, dokud nebude odhlasov\u00e1no v\u00a0jeho n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parlamentu. Zde roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed EU o Srbsko dostalo zelenou pod podm\u00ednkou normalizace vztah\u016f Srbska a Kosova, co\u017e bude hodnotit summit na konci leto\u0161n\u00edho roku. \u010cervnov\u00fd summit EU v\u0161ak v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011brech \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky neklade. P\u0159edseda Evropsk\u00e9 rady Herman Van Rompuy \u0159ekl, \u017ee z\u00e1stupci EU nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed ob\u011b zem\u011b v\u00a0pond\u011bl\u00ed na znamen\u00ed, \u017ee EU p\u0159\u00edslib jejich integrace do Unie mysl\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Angela Merkelov\u00e1 minul\u00fd t\u00fdden \u00fa\u010dast na t\u00e9to cest\u011b odvolala. M\u00e9dia se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee na vin\u011b nebude mnoho pracovn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed, ale odm\u00edtnut\u00ed Chorvatska vydat za vra\u017edu st\u00edhan\u00e9ho \u0161peha z\u00a0obdob\u00ed Jugosl\u00e1vie.<\/p>\n

Summit d\u00e1le autorizoval otev\u0159en\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o Stabiliza\u010dn\u00ed a asocia\u010dn\u00ed dohod\u011b s\u00a0Kosovem, a\u010dkoli \u0158ecko, \u0160pan\u011blsko, Kypr, Rumunsko a Slovensko jeho autonomii neuzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Jm\u00e9na dal\u0161\u00edch kandid\u00e1tsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed jako nap\u0159. Makedonie nebo Turecko, na summitu nebyla v\u016fbec zm\u00edn\u011bna. P\u0159ed summitem se v\u0161ak minist\u0159i zahrani\u010d\u00ed dohodli na otev\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 kapitoly p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0Tureckem, jakmile Komise v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu p\u0159edstav\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu o pokroku. V\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b summit povzbudil Loty\u0161sko v\u00a0jeho rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ipojit se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok do euroz\u00f3ny.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Analytick\u00fd t\u00fdm<\/a>\u00a0think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty se dlouhodob\u011b v\u011bnuje anal\u00fdz\u00e1m (nejen) \u010desk\u00e9 pozice v Evropsk\u00e9 unii.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cesk\u00fd premi\u00e9r v demisi se po t\u0159ech letech lou\u010dil s evropsk\u00fdmi l\u00eddry. Summit se zab\u00fdval z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami, ji\u017e podruh\u00e9 se Visegr\u00e1dsk\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159ce poda\u0159ilo zformulovat spole\u010dnou pozici.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5002","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nAnal\u00fdza: Kam Evropa po \u010dervnov\u00e9 Rad\u011b sm\u011b\u0159uje? - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/analyza-kam-evropa-po-cervnove-rade-smeruje\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anal\u00fdza: Kam Evropa po \u010dervnov\u00e9 Rad\u011b sm\u011b\u0159uje? - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u010cesk\u00fd premi\u00e9r v demisi se po t\u0159ech letech lou\u010dil s evropsk\u00fdmi l\u00eddry. 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