{"id":44903,"date":"2026-10-20T16:47:20","date_gmt":"2026-10-20T14:47:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=44903"},"modified":"2026-11-09T16:57:52","modified_gmt":"2026-11-09T14:57:52","slug":"twenty-years-on-who-paid-for-north-koreas-nuclear-program","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/twenty-years-on-who-paid-for-north-koreas-nuclear-program\/","title":{"rendered":"Dvacet let pot\u00e9: Kdo zafinancoval severokorejsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd program"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"44903\" class=\"elementor elementor-44903\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c866ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c866ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f12ea97\" data-id=\"1f12ea97\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238de338 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238de338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-238de338{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-412e8c92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"412e8c92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Foto: Fotobanka Canva<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bd15e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6bd15e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-383868dc\" data-id=\"383868dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b4d0642 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b4d0642\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-no-translation=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-65a3abf3\" data-id=\"65a3abf3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe4dccc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe4dccc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Co se d\u011bje?<\/h2><p>V odlehl\u00e9 periferii zem\u011b n\u011bkdy p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00e9 \u201epoustevnick\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e\u201c se 9. \u0159\u00edjna 2006 p\u0159episovaly geopolitick\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1dky. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/our-work\/detecting-nuclear-tests\/2006-dprk-nuclear-test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seismick\u00e9 s<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/our-work\/detecting-nuclear-tests\/2006-dprk-nuclear-test\">tanice<\/a> ve velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u011bta, v\u010detn\u011b jedn\u00e9 nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se a\u017e v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe, toho dne zaznamenaly ot\u0159esy, jejich\u017e epicentrum se nach\u00e1zelo v hlubin\u00e1ch hory Mantchap v poho\u0159\u00ed Hamgjong na \u00fazem\u00ed Korejsk\u00e9 lidov\u011b demokratick\u00e9 republiky (KLDR).<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-41144315\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jadern\u00e1 st\u0159elnice Pchunggjeri<\/a> pod horou Mantchap se b\u011bhem vl\u00e1d nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u016fdce Kim \u010cong-ila a jeho n\u00e1stupce Kim \u010cong-una stala hlavn\u00edm m\u00edstem severokorejsk\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch test\u016f. Po prvn\u00edm testu jadern\u00e9 bomby v roce 2006 n\u00e1sledovalo v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 11 letech dal\u0161\u00edch p\u011bt test\u016f. Posledn\u00ed exploze v roce 2017 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/our-work\/detecting-nuclear-tests\/2006-dprk-nuclear-test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zp\u016fsobila<\/a>, \u017ee v jinak seismicky neaktivn\u00ed oblasti doch\u00e1zelo i po odezn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdbuchu k opakovan\u00fdm zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm. V d\u016fsledku test\u016f ztratila hora Mantchap na v\u00fd\u0161ce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u016fl metru a jej\u00ed vrchol se <a href=\"https:\/\/news.berkeley.edu\/2018\/05\/10\/radar-reveals-details-of-mountain-collapse-after-north-koreas-most-recent-nuclear-test\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">posunul<\/a> o t\u0159i a p\u016fl metru do strany.<\/p><h2>Jak\u00e9 jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti?<\/h2><p>Po\u010d\u00e1tky severokorejsk\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch ambic\u00ed sahaj\u00ed do pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Rozvoj tamn\u00edho jadern\u00e9ho programu byl \u0161t\u011bd\u0159e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncnk.org\/resources\/briefing-papers\/all-briefing-papers\/north-koreas-nuclear-weapons-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">financov\u00e1n <\/a>Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem. V roce 1959 <a href=\"https:\/\/news.usni.org\/2017\/09\/01\/timeline-brief-history-north-korean-nuclear-weapon-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">podepsaly<\/a> ob\u011b zem\u011b dohodu o spolupr\u00e1ci v oblasti jadern\u00e9 energie. Moskva Severn\u00ed Koreji dodala jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd jadern\u00fd reaktor a v \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech pomohla z\u0159\u00eddit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nti.org\/education-center\/facilities\/yongbyon-nuclear-research-center\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Njongbjonsk\u00e9 centrum jadern\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu<\/a>.<\/p><p>Rozpad Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu zemi <a href=\"https:\/\/tnsr.org\/2026\/07\/saving-socialism-what-north-korea-learned-from-the-collapse-of-the-soviet-union\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">p\u0159ipravil<\/a> o zdroje, na kter\u00fdch z\u00e1visela jej\u00ed ekonomika i arm\u00e1da. Neefektivn\u00ed hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, jeho\u017e d\u016fsledky je\u0161t\u011b zn\u00e1sobila ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed doktr\u00edna \u010cu\u010dche hl\u00e1saj\u00edc\u00ed sob\u011bsta\u010dnost zem\u011b, vyvolalo katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou krizi. O p\u0159esn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslech se st\u00e1le vedou debaty, ale odhaduje se, \u017ee n\u00e1sledn\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161128195312\/https:\/hazdoc.colorado.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/10590\/5438\/C024508.pdf?sequence=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hladomor<\/a> v letech 1994\u20131998, kter\u00fd je v KLDR ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako Nam\u00e1hav\u00fd pochod, p\u0159ipravil o \u017eivot v\u00edce ne\u017e milion Severokorejc\u016f. Nedostatek j\u00eddla byl tak zoufal\u00fd, \u017ee st\u00e1tn\u00ed televize <a href=\"https:\/\/imnews.imbc.com\/replay\/1998\/nwdesk\/article\/2008361_30723.html?utm_source\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vys\u00edlala<\/a> po\u0159ady o va\u0159en\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016fm radila, jak p\u0159ipravovat pokrmy z tr\u00e1vy. St\u00e1t dokonce spustil kampa\u0148 \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irb-cisr.gc.ca\/en\/country-information\/rir\/Pages\/index.aspx?doc=454136\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jezme jen dv\u011b j\u00eddla denn\u011b<\/a>\u201c, jej\u00edm\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm byly Severokorejc\u016fm prezentov\u00e1ny \u00fadajn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy takov\u00e9to diety.<\/p><p>Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b zem\u011b proch\u00e1zela v\u016fbec prvn\u00edm <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/research-starters\/history\/kim-jong-il-succeeds-his-father-north-korea\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm moci<\/a>. Smrt otce zakladatele Korejsk\u00e9 lidov\u011b demokratick\u00e9 republiky (KLDR) Kim Ir-sena v roce 1994 p\u0159i\u0161la v obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo pro zemi nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed od konce korejsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v pades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech. Nov\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u016fdce Kim \u010cong-il vyhodnotil jadernou cestu jako <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/event\/revisiting-history-north-korea-and-nuclear-weapons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mo\u017enost<\/a>, jak dynastii Kim\u016f udr\u017eet u moci i v dal\u0161\u00edch letech.<\/p><p>\u00dasp\u011bch severokorejsk\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho programu je \u010dasto vykreslov\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako selh\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 diplomacie. Washington na n\u011bm sv\u016fj pod\u00edl ur\u010dit\u011b m\u00e1, \u010dasto se v\u0161ak p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed role Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje. Jihokorej\u0161t\u00ed prezidenti Kim Te-d\u017eung (v \u00fa\u0159adu v letech 1998 a\u017e 2003) a No Mu-hjon (2003 a\u017e 2008) v letech, kter\u00e1 byla pro severokorejsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd program kritick\u00e1, prosazovali takzvanou <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2016\/07\/when-sunshine-ruled-on-the-korean-peninsula\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">slune\u010dn<u>ou politiku<\/u>.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2016\/07\/when-sunshine-ruled-on-the-korean-peninsula\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo po desetilet\u00edch konfrontace a nevra\u017eivosti zlep\u0161it vztahy se Severn\u00ed Koreou.<\/a><\/p><p>Projevem t\u00e9to politiky byla zna\u010dn\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc proud\u00edc\u00ed z Jihu na Sever. P\u016fj\u010dky z Jihu zm\u00edrnily nejnal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed tlaky a umo\u017enily Severn\u00ed Koreji <a href=\"https:\/\/www.koreaherald.com\/article\/864190\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nasm\u011brovat v\u00edce zdroj\u016f do jadern\u00e9ho programu<\/a>. Dynastie Kim\u016f si hospod\u00e1\u0159skou pomoc vylo\u017eila jako bianco \u0161ek. Od roku 2012, kdy za\u010dala b\u00fdt v\u011bt\u0161ina p\u016fj\u010dek splatn\u00e1, ignorovala Severokorejsk\u00e1 banka pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed obchod v\u00edce ne\u017e sto v\u00fdzev ke <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chosun.com\/english\/national-en\/2025\/10\/13\/Q5KU7NDRYRFYRA5XL3SZSNQW3A\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">splacen\u00ed dluhu<\/a>, kter\u00fd v roce 2025 dosahoval 620,2 milionu americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f. Abychom tento \u00fadaj uvedli do souvislost\u00ed, celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na severokorejsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd program za posledn\u00edch 50 let se <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14729561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">odhaduj\u00ed<\/a> na 1,6 miliardy americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f. Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea tak pomohla zafinancovat \u010d\u00e1stku odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etin\u011b t\u011bchto n\u00e1klad\u016f.<\/p><p>Po v\u016fbec <a href=\"https:\/\/world.kbs.co.kr\/special\/northkorea\/contents\/archives\/summit\/summit_2000.htm?lang=e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prvn\u00edm summitu hlav st\u00e1t\u016f Ji\u017en\u00ed a Severn\u00ed Koreje<\/a> v roce 2000 se ob\u011b zem\u011b dohodly na z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.38north.org\/2024\/09\/kaesong-industrial-complex-a-tortured-history-and-uncertain-future\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kesongsk\u00e9ho <\/a><u>pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho parku<\/u>. \u0160lo o spole\u010dn\u00fd projekt spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd v roce 2004, v n\u011bm\u017e jihokorejsk\u00e9 firmy zam\u011bstn\u00e1valy Severokorejce. Park byl vybudov\u00e1n p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 km severn\u011b od demilitarizovan\u00e9 z\u00f3ny. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/north-korea-took-70-percent-of-kaesong-wages-for-weapons-program-south-korea-idUSKCN0VN02O\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mzdy<\/a> severokorejsk\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f vypl\u00e1cely jihokorejsk\u00e9 firmy p\u0159\u00edmo severokorejsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b v americk\u00fdch dolarech. Odhaduje se, \u017ee KLDR si ponech\u00e1vala p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70 % t\u011bchto pen\u011bz, zat\u00edmco pracovn\u00edky vypl\u00e1cela v m\u00edstn\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b nebo p\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fdch l\u00edstc\u00edch. \u0160lo o dal\u0161\u00ed zdroj p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, kter\u00fd KLDR <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-35576278\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">umo\u017enil uvolnit prost\u0159edky<\/a> pro sv\u016fj jadern\u00fd program.<\/p><h2>Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2><p><a href=\"https:\/\/thebulletin.org\/premium\/2024-07\/north-korean-nuclear-weapons-2024\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zpr\u00e1va<\/a> o severokorejsk\u00e9m jadern\u00e9m arzen\u00e1lu vydan\u00e1 v roce 2024 \u010dasopisem <em>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists<\/em> odhaduje, \u017ee Pchjongjang disponuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 jadern\u00fdmi hlavicemi a dostate\u010dn\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm \u0161t\u011bpn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu k nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed arzen\u00e1lu a\u017e na 90 hlavic. V roce 2012 Severn\u00ed Korea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/crs-product\/IF10472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zm\u011bnila<\/a> svou \u00fastavu a ofici\u00e1ln\u011b se prohl\u00e1sila za \u201ejadern\u011b ozbrojen\u00fd st\u00e1t\u201c. V roce 2017 zem\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/crs-product\/IF10472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">otestovala<\/a> mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed balistickou raketu schopnou dopravit jadernou hlavici a\u017e na \u00fazem\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p><p>Dynastie Kim\u016f nad\u00e1le destabilizuje Indo-Pacifik. Dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o jadern\u00e9m odzbrojen\u00ed zem\u011b nep\u0159inesla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. U\u017e i p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2026\/08\/03\/nx-s1-5917877\/south-korea-north-korea-nuclear-peace-analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">p\u0159izn\u00e1vaj\u00ed<\/a>, \u017ee podmi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edm jadern\u00fdm odzbrojen\u00edm KLDR nen\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti proveditelnou strategi\u00ed. Normalizace postaven\u00ed KLDR jako jadern\u00e9 mocnosti s sebou v\u0161ak nese riziko dal\u0161\u00ed proliferace zbran\u00ed hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed v regionu. V\u00edce ne\u017e 75 % Jihokorejc\u016f podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asaninst.org\/bbs\/board.php?bo_table=s3_4_2_eng&amp;wr_id=92\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pr\u016fzkumu<\/a> podporuje v\u00fdvoj vlastn\u00edch jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photo: Canva photo library Foto: Fotobanka Canva What is happening? It all began in a secluded region of a country known as the Hermit Kingdom. On October 9, 2006, the Punggye-ri nuclear test site in the Hamgyong Mountains of North Korea became the stage for a shift in the geopolitical balance. Seismic sensors as far [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":44883,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[573],"class_list":["post-44903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-matus-brziak"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Twenty Years On: Who Paid for North Korea\u2019s Nuclear Program - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/twenty-years-on-who-paid-for-north-koreas-nuclear-program\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Twenty Years On: Who Paid for North Korea\u2019s Nuclear Program - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Photo: Canva photo library Foto: Fotobanka Canva What is happening? It all began in a secluded region of a country known as the Hermit Kingdom. On October 9, 2006, the Punggye-ri nuclear test site in the Hamgyong Mountains of North Korea became the stage for a shift in the geopolitical balance. 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