{"id":44189,"date":"2026-08-26T11:11:38","date_gmt":"2026-08-26T09:11:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=44189"},"modified":"2026-08-26T11:16:51","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T09:16:51","slug":"zhu-rongjis-death-and-chinas-nostalgia-for-the-reform-era","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zhu-rongjis-death-and-chinas-nostalgia-for-the-reform-era\/","title":{"rendered":"Smrt \u010cu \u017dung-\u0165iho a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 nostalgie po \u00e9\u0159e reforem"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"44189\" class=\"elementor elementor-44189\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6b81b61f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6b81b61f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2314922e\" data-id=\"2314922e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-224a1a45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"224a1a45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-224a1a45{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d38aaa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d38aaa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Foto: \u010cu \u017dung-\u0165i (druh\u00fd zleva), m\u00edstop\u0159edseda \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise a budouc\u00ed premi\u00e9r (1998\u20132003), v \u010dele \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 delegace na Evropsk\u00e9m sympoziu o managementu, p\u0159edch\u016fdci Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra v Davosu, 1986. Zdroj:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/worldeconomicforum\/5968998301\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" data-link-id=\"1563235593\">Flickr<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6aedb422 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6aedb422\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-79e70ecc\" data-id=\"79e70ecc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-13e8efff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13e8efff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-no-translation=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c8b547a\" data-id=\"3c8b547a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-835569 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"835569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Co se d\u011bje<\/h2><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden se \u010c\u00edna rozlou\u010dila s jedn\u00edm ze sv\u00fdch nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ekonomick\u00fdch reform\u00e1tor\u016f. B\u00fdval\u00fd premi\u00e9r \u010cu \u017dung-\u0165i (\u6731\u9555\u57fa) zem\u0159el ve v\u011bku 97 let po bl\u00ed\u017ee nespecifikovan\u00e9 nemoci. Prezident Si \u0164in-pching (\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73) a dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 St\u00e1l\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru politbyra se 18. srpna z\u00fa\u010dastnili p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontrolovan\u00e9ho rozlou\u010den\u00ed a kremace na Revolu\u010dn\u00edm h\u0159bitov\u011b Pa-pao-\u0161an v Pekingu. V \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm centru Pekingu byla z\u00e1rove\u0148 pos\u00edlena bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 projevy smutku byly p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b monitorov\u00e1ny, zejm\u00e9na pokud byly nostalgick\u00e9 po reformn\u011b orientovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed 90. let a po po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed, kdy za vl\u00e1dy prezidenta \u0164iang Ce-mina (\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11) p\u016fsobil \u010cu jako premi\u00e9r (takzvan\u00e1 \u00e9ra\u0164iang\u2013\u010cu).<\/p><h2>Jak\u00fd je \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kontext?<\/h2><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u00e9dia \u010cua <a href=\"https:\/\/paper.people.com.cn\/rmrb\/pc\/content\/202608\/19\/content_30175766.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popisuj\u00ed<\/a> jako \u201evynikaj\u00edc\u00edho \u010dlena strany, prov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho a loaj\u00e1ln\u00edho komunistick\u00e9ho bojovn\u00edka a vynikaj\u00edc\u00edho prolet\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho revolucion\u00e1\u0159e, st\u00e1tn\u00edka a p\u0159edstavitele strany a st\u00e1tu\u201c. Tato formulace odpov\u00edd\u00e1 ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm konvenc\u00edm, jimi\u017e se \u0159\u00eddily i nekrology b\u00fdval\u00fdch premi\u00e9r\u016f <strong>Li Pchenga <\/strong>(\u674e\u9e4f, 1928\u20132019) a <strong>Li Kche-\u010dchianga <\/strong>(\u674e\u514b\u5f3a, 1955\u20132023). \u010cu\u016fv nekrolog je v\u0161ak del\u0161\u00ed a <strong>obsahuje<\/strong><strong> tak\u00e9 explicitn\u00ed ocen\u011bn\u00ed jeho osobnosti<\/strong>. Popisuje ho jako \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd m\u011bl odvahu \u0159\u00edkat pravdu, p\u0159ij\u00edmat odpov\u011bdnost a neusilovat o zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdsady.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u0159esto\u017ee byl b\u011bhem vl\u00e1dy <strong>Mao Ce-tunga <\/strong>(\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c) dvakr\u00e1t perzekvov\u00e1n \u2013 v roce 1957 byl b\u011bhem Kampan\u011b proti pravi\u010d\u00e1k\u016fm ozna\u010den za \u201epravi\u010d\u00e1ka\u201c a vylou\u010den z\u00a0KS \u010c\u00edny a b\u011bhem Kulturn\u00ed revoluce (1966\u20131976) byl posl\u00e1n pracovat na venkov \u2013 z\u016fstal KS \u010c\u00edny loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed. Po politick\u00e9 rehabilitaci po Maov\u011b smrti se vr\u00e1til k tvorb\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u010cu se stal <strong>jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch architekt\u016f a realiz\u00e1tor\u016f \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch reforem 90. let a po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed<\/strong>. Jako starosta \u0160anghaje a tajemn\u00edk stranick\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru m\u011bsta v letech 1987\u20131991 prosazoval restrukturalizaci pr\u016fmyslu, rozvoj infrastruktury a rozvoj oblasti Pchu-tung, \u010d\u00edm\u017e pomohl polo\u017eit z\u00e1klady <strong>vzestup<\/strong><strong>u<\/strong><strong> \u0160anghaje jako mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho finan\u010dn\u00edho centra<\/strong>. Pozd\u011bji jako vicepremi\u00e9r a premi\u00e9r sehr\u00e1l rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli p\u0159i dokon\u010den\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vedla k\u00a0<strong>vstupu \u010c\u00edny do Sv\u011btov\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed organizace v roce 2001<\/strong>.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reformy v\u0161ak p\u0159inesly tak\u00e9 <strong>v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1klady<\/strong>. Restrukturalizace st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f vedla k masivn\u00edmu propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco inflace v roce 1994 dos\u00e1hla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 24,3 %. Da\u0148ov\u00e1 reforma z t\u00e9ho\u017e roku pos\u00edlila p\u0159\u00edjmy centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak ponechala m\u00edstn\u00edm samospr\u00e1v\u00e1m rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 v\u00fddajov\u00e9 povinnosti. To p\u0159isp\u011blo k fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnov\u00e1ze a postupn\u011b k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti m\u00edstn\u00edch samospr\u00e1v na prodeji pozemk\u016f a zadlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jako prav\u00e1 ruka \u0164iang Ce-mina byl \u010cu zn\u00e1m sv\u00fdm tvrd\u00fdm a pragmatick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e si vyslou\u017eil p\u0159ezd\u00edvku <strong>\u201epremi\u00e9r \u017eelezn\u00e9 p\u011bsti\u201c<\/strong>. Zem\u0159el jen n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e si KS \u010c\u00edny 17. srpna p\u0159ipomn\u011bla st\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed \u0164iangova Ce-minova narozen\u00ed. Hned n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den se konalo rozlou\u010den\u00ed s \u010cuem. Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lost\u00ed pos\u00edlilo nostalgii ve\u0159ejnosti po \u00e9\u0159e \u0164iang\u2013\u010cu, kter\u00e1 byla spojena s rychl\u00fdm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm r\u016fstem, tr\u017en\u011b orientovan\u00fdmi reformami a otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm se sv\u011btu.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sinification.org\/p\/dreaming-of-zhu-rongjis-china-zhao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nostalgick\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky<\/a> v\u0161ak \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a negativa ekonomick\u00fdch reforem a nam\u00edsto toho pouze vyzdvihuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy tehdej\u0161\u00edho ekonomick\u00e9ho boomu, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed otev\u0159enost glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice a styl veden\u00ed, kter\u00fd p\u016fsobil otev\u0159en\u011bji a lid\u0161t\u011bji.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u010cu ode\u0161el z funkce v roce 2003, a p\u0159esto\u017ee pot\u00e9 ji\u017e nebyl politicky aktivn\u00ed, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/zhongwen\/articles\/cp839rnw40po\/simp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">z\u016fstal<\/a> a\u017e do sv\u00e9 smrti jedn\u00edm z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jeho popularita p\u0159esahovala hranice \u010c\u00edny. \u010cu byl mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b respektov\u00e1n pro sv\u00e9 bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed, otev\u0159en\u00e9 a \u010dasto humorn\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny s novin\u00e1\u0159i, p\u0159i nich\u017e nav\u00edc \u010dasto prokazoval pozoruhodn\u011b dobrou znalost angli\u010dtiny.<\/p><h2>Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u010cu \u017dung-\u0165i byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed generace p\u0159edstavitel\u016f KS \u010c\u00edny, kte\u0159\u00ed byli pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni za Maa, ale pozd\u011bji byli rehabilitov\u00e1ni a n\u00e1sledn\u011b povol\u00e1ni do \u010dela projektu reforem a otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed se sv\u011btu. Tato generace, do n\u00ed\u017e pat\u0159il i <strong>Teng Siao-pching (<\/strong><strong>\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> a <strong>\u0164iang Ce-min<\/strong>, pomohla transformovat \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, integrovat zemi do glob\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a polo\u017eit z\u00e1klady n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00ed rychl\u00e9ho r\u016fstu.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed v\u0161ak <strong>pe\u010dliv\u011b kontroluje, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se na <\/strong><strong>b\u00fdval\u00e9<\/strong><strong> p\u0159edstavitele na ve\u0159ejnosti vzpom\u00edn\u00e1<\/strong>. \u00da\u0159ady citliv\u011b reaguj\u00ed na mo\u017enost, \u017ee by se ve\u0159ejn\u00fd smutek mohl prom\u011bnit v kritiku sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 1976 p\u0159isp\u011bl ve\u0159ejn\u00fd smutek nad \u00famrt\u00edm premi\u00e9ra <strong>\u010cou En-laje (<\/strong><strong>\u5468\u6069\u6765<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> k takzvan\u00fdm \u201eud\u00e1lostem 5. dubna\u201c. A v roce 1989 pak pomohla smrt b\u00fdval\u00e9ho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka KS \u010c\u00edny <strong>Chu Jao-panga (<\/strong><strong>\u80e1\u8000\u90a6<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> podn\u00edtit demonstrace, kter\u00e9 nakonec vyvrcholily masakrem na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Nebesk\u00e9ho klidu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photo: Zhu Rongji (second left), vice-chairman of China\u2019s State Economic Commission and future premier (1998 &#8211; 2003), leading the Chinese delegation at the European Management Symposium, the predecessor of the World Economic Forum in Davos in 1986. Source: Flickr Foto: \u010cu \u017dung-\u0165i (druh\u00fd zleva), m\u00edstop\u0159edseda \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise a budouc\u00ed premi\u00e9r (1998\u20132003), v \u010dele [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":44194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[534],"class_list":["post-44189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-zuzana-koskova"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Zhu Rongji\u2019s Death and China\u2019s Nostalgia for the Reform Era - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zhu-rongjis-death-and-chinas-nostalgia-for-the-reform-era\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zhu Rongji\u2019s Death and China\u2019s Nostalgia for the Reform Era - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Photo: Zhu Rongji (second left), vice-chairman of China\u2019s State Economic Commission and future premier (1998 &#8211; 2003), leading the Chinese delegation at the European Management Symposium, the predecessor of the World Economic Forum in Davos in 1986. 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