{"id":41042,"date":"2025-10-07T12:03:02","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T10:03:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=41042"},"modified":"2025-10-15T12:03:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:03:12","slug":"six-assurances-on-the-edge-of-the-law-will-the-united-states-codify-its-taiwan-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/six-assurances-on-the-edge-of-the-law-will-the-united-states-codify-its-taiwan-policy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160est uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na hran\u011b z\u00e1kona: kodifikuj\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty svou politiku v\u016f\u010di Tchaj-wanu?"},"content":{"rendered":"
V r\u00e1mci \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho Bal\u00ed\u010dku obnovy pravomoc\u00ed ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f schv\u00e1lil 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed V\u00fdbor pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti Sn\u011bmovny reprezentant\u016f uveden\u00ed s\u00e9rie v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f do legislativn\u00edho procesu. Bali\u010dek mimo jin\u00e9 obsahuje n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 jednoho ze t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f vztah\u016f mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a \u010c\u00ednskou republikou (Tchaj-wanem) \u2013 tzv. <\/strong>\u201e\u0160esti uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u201c (Six Assurances<\/strong><\/a>).<\/strong> Tato zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00e1 doktr\u00edna se zam\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na vojenskou a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi ob\u011bma st\u00e1ty. Nov\u00fd n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona nazvan\u00fd \u201eZ\u00e1kon o \u0161esti uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Tchaj-wanu\u201c (Six Assurances to Taiwan Act)<\/a> byl p\u0159edlo\u017een na z\u00e1klad\u011b shody mezi republik\u00e1ny a demokraty a zat\u00edm nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda bude v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch schv\u00e1len. Pokud k tomu dojde, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty t\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u011b prohloub\u00ed sv\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky a pos\u00edl\u00ed tak bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed s ostrovn\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u010del\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrozb\u011b ze strany \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky (\u010cLR). P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 schv\u00e1len\u00ed v\u0161ak s\u00a0sebou m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e9st i ur\u010dit\u00e1 rizika,<\/strong> v\u010detn\u011b omezen\u00ed flexibility p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu americk\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f i limitovat zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdmi se utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed strategick\u00e9 kalkulace mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, \u010c\u00ednou a Tchaj-wanem.<\/p> V kontextu dlouhodob\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed Pekingu o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed izolaci Tchaj-wanu a zamezen\u00ed navazov\u00e1n\u00ed diplomatick\u00fdch styk\u016f s jin\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vztahy t\u00e9to ostrovn\u00ed zem\u011b s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b citlivou zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitickou z\u00e1le\u017eitost. <\/strong>Tchaj-wan jako\u017eto suver\u00e9nn\u00ed st\u00e1t ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze 11 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f OSN a Svat\u00fd stolec ve Vatik\u00e1nu. Rovn\u011b\u017e Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 se musely v r\u00e1mci nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed diplomatick\u00fdch vztah\u016f s \u010cLR v roce 1979 ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmu uzn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 republiky vyhnout. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm unik\u00e1tn\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u011b-politick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce v\u0161ak jednostrann\u011b vyty\u010dily podobu neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f s t\u00edmto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm partnerem. Tento pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec stoj\u00ed na t\u0159ech z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch, jimi\u017e jsou Z\u00e1kon o vztaz\u00edch s Tchaj-wanem (Taiwan Relations Act),<\/strong><\/a> T\u0159i spole\u010dn\u00e1 komunik\u00e9 (Three Joint Communiqu\u00e9s)<\/strong><\/a> a na n\u011b navazuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0160est uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed (Six Assurances)<\/strong>. Posledn\u00ed ze zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f p\u0159edstavuje soubor \u0161esti kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch z\u00e1sad americk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky z\u00a0roku 1982, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem bylo v obdob\u00ed normalizace vztah\u016f mezi Washingtonem a Pekingem ujistit jak Tchaj-wan, tak americk\u00fd Kongres, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty budou Tchaj-wan i nad\u00e1le pevn\u011b podporovat.<\/p> Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v r\u00e1mci \u0160esti uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potvrdily, \u017ee si v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch Tchaj-wanu zachovaj\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup,<\/strong> zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o prodej zbran\u00ed a v\u00fdklad Z\u00e1kona o vztaz\u00edch s Tchaj-wanem, a to bez dal\u0161\u00edch konzultac\u00ed s Pekingem. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 odm\u00edtly hr\u00e1t roli prost\u0159edn\u00edka ve vtaz\u00edch mezi ob\u011bma stranami Tchajwansk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu a neuznaly \u010d\u00ednskou svrchovanost nad Tchaj-wanem. Zd\u016fraznily tak\u00e9, \u017ee ot\u00e1zku jeho statusu maj\u00ed \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 sami vy\u0159e\u0161it pokojnou cestou. Jedn\u00e1 se tud\u00ed\u017e o soubor zahrani\u010dn\u011b-politick\u00fdch sm\u011brnic, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a zahrani\u010dn\u011b-politick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky s\u00a0ohledem na vztahy mezi v\u0161emi t\u0159emi z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdmi akt\u00e9ry. Tyto principy jsou od sv\u00e9ho vzniku sv\u00e1z\u00e1ny s\u00a0v\u00fdkonnou moc\u00ed.<\/p>\u00a0<\/h2>
Jak\u00e9 jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti?<\/h2>