{"id":39674,"date":"2025-05-20T12:03:21","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T10:03:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=39674"},"modified":"2025-05-28T16:11:17","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T14:11:17","slug":"where-have-all-the-spies-gone-china-imprisons-another-japanese-national","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/where-have-all-the-spies-gone-china-imprisons-another-japanese-national\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0158ekni, kde ti zv\u011bdi jsou: \u010c\u00edna uv\u011bznila dal\u0161\u00edho japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dana"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co se d\u011bje?<\/h2>

Dne 13. kv\u011btna odsoudil<\/a> \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd soud japonsk\u00e9ho pades\u00e1tn\u00edka k 12 let\u016fm v\u011bzen\u00ed za \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e<\/strong>. Do vazby jej vzali v \u0160anghaji ji\u017e v prosinci roku 2021<\/strong>, samotn\u00fd soudn\u00ed proces pak za\u010dal v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu 2023<\/strong>. Japonsk\u00fdm p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm z gener\u00e1ln\u00edho konzul\u00e1tu v \u0160anghaji nebylo dovoleno se prvn\u00edho soudn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnit. Minul\u00e9 \u00fater\u00fd jim sice sledov\u00e1n\u00ed soudn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e umo\u017en\u011bno bylo, kv\u016fli ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f v\u0161ak nemohli sd\u011blit \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 podrobnosti. Tento p\u0159\u00edpad v\u0161ak nen\u00ed nijak v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd<\/strong>. Od roku 2014, kdy \u010c\u00edna p\u0159ijala proti\u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1kon <\/strong>(\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u570b\u53cd\u9593\u8adc\u6cd5), bylo zadr\u017eeno<\/strong> nejm\u00e9n\u011b<\/a> 17 japonsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f<\/strong>. Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd mu\u017e je ji\u017e jeden\u00e1ctou osobou<\/strong> odsouzenou k trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/strong>. Ke slo\u017eitosti situace p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 i to, \u017ee japonsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da d\u016fsledn\u011b pop\u00edr\u00e1<\/a>, \u017ee by uskute\u010d\u0148ovala jak\u00e9koliv \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed aktivity, a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee Japonsko ani \u017e\u00e1dnou centralizovanou zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zpravodajskou slu\u017ebu nem\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

Jak\u00e9 jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti?<\/h2>

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd proti\u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1kon<\/strong> byl p\u0159ijat<\/a> v roce 2014<\/strong> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b revidov\u00e1n v roce 2023<\/strong>. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se v\u00a0n\u011bm to, jak ze\u0161iroka prezident Si \u0164in-pching<\/strong> (\u7fd2\u8fd1\u5e73) interpretuje, co v\u0161e spad\u00e1 pod n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, a z\u00e1kon tak d\u00e1v\u00e1 ministerstvu st\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 pravomoci k vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed domn\u011bl\u00fdch \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch \u010din\u016f. Jeho c\u00edlem je \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ei p\u0159edch\u00e1zet, ma\u0159it ji a trestat<\/strong> a udr\u017eovat tak n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost (\u010dl\u00e1nek 1). Vztahuje se nejen na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010c\u00edny, ale i na \u00fazem\u00ed ciz\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f<\/strong>, a to na z\u00e1klad\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00edho principu ochrany<\/strong>, kter\u00fd \u010c\u00edn\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje uplat\u0148ovat sv\u00e9 vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy na trestn\u00e9 \u010diny v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, pokud jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro jej\u00ed existenci \u010di pro jin\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy. Ostatn\u011b i samotn\u00e9 Japonsko uplat\u0148uje princip ochrany prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm takov\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b speci\u00e1ln\u011b designovan\u00fdch utajovan\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>. Probl\u00e9m \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho proti\u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edho z\u00e1kona v\u0161ak spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1<\/a> v nejasn\u00fdch definic\u00edch<\/strong> toho, co konstituuje akt \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee nebo jak\u00e9 \u010dinnosti jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a z\u00e1jmy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad i shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdch informac\u00ed<\/strong> by mohlo b\u00fdt vykl\u00e1d\u00e1no jako \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e, pokud by bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f.<\/p>

Dob\u0159e to ilustruje p\u0159\u00edpad z roku 2015<\/a>. V \u0160anghaji byla b\u011bhem slu\u017eebn\u00ed cesty zadr\u017eena Japonka, kter\u00e1 se \u00fadajn\u011b dopustila \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee t\u00edm, \u017ee dv\u011bma japonsk\u00fdm vl\u00e1dn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016fm sd\u011blila n\u00e1zory \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho diplomata<\/strong> na ostrovy Senkaku<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 jsou sice pod kontrolou Tokia, ale \u010din\u00ed si na n\u011b n\u00e1rok i Peking. Jednalo se o prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad<\/strong>, kdy se \u010din, ke kter\u00e9mu do\u0161lo v Japonsku<\/strong>,<\/em> stal z\u00e1kladem pro \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 trestn\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 2018 byla \u017eena odsouzena k \u0161esti let\u016fm v\u011bzen\u00ed<\/strong>, p\u0159esto\u017ee Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed lidov\u00fd soud v \u0160anghaji rozhodl, \u017ee se dan\u00e9 informace n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti net\u00fdkaly<\/strong>. Nutno poznamenat, \u017ee zat\u00edmco st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed doty\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eeny v \u010c\u00edn\u011b bylo podle \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edho pr\u00e1va z\u00e1konn\u00e9, shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f na japonsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed by p\u0159edstavovalo naru\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/a> svrchovanosti Japonska<\/strong> a poru\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>

Dal\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad<\/a> se t\u00fdk\u00e1 zam\u011bstnance japonsk\u00e9 farmaceutick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Astellas Pharma<\/strong>, kter\u00fd byl zadr\u017een v Pekingu v b\u0159eznu roku 2023 t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm n\u00e1vratem do Japonska. K tomuto p\u0159\u00edpadu je k dispozici nicm\u00e9n\u011b jen m\u00e1lo podrobnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti \u010c\u00edna obvykle<\/a> po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 za zav\u0159en\u00fdmi dve\u0159mi<\/strong>. V\u00a0jin\u00e9 kauze z\u00a0roku 2019<\/a> zase \u010c\u00edna pro podez\u0159en\u00ed ze \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee zadr\u017eela japonsk\u00e9ho profesora<\/strong> specializuj\u00edc\u00edho se na modern\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny. Ten byl v\u0161ak po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch propu\u0161t\u011bn.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2>

Od listopadu 2014, kdy \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee vstoupil v platnost, bylo za \u00fadajn\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed do \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch aktivit zadr\u017eeno minim\u00e1ln\u011b 17 japonsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f. P\u011bt<\/strong><\/a> z nich je st\u00e1le ve v\u011bzen\u00ed<\/strong>. V\u00e1gn\u00ed definice z\u00e1kona vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed obavy ze zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va, co\u017e d\u00e1le zhor\u0161uje japonsko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 vztahy. V reakci<\/a> na tento v\u00fdvoj redukovaly<\/strong> japonsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti po\u010det obchodn\u00edch cest<\/strong> do \u010c\u00edny a omezovat sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy<\/strong> zem\u011b za\u010dali rovn\u011b\u017e japon\u0161t\u00ed akademici specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na \u010c\u00ednu (m\u00edsto nich se rad\u011bji \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed online sympozi\u00ed). Japonsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se nad\u00e1le zasazuje o propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00fdch zadr\u017een\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f a nal\u00e9hav\u011b vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010c\u00ednu, aby zajistila transparentnost soudn\u00edch proces\u016f.<\/p>

Nutno dodat, \u017ee z\u00e1kon se nevztahuje pouze na japonsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky, ale na v\u0161echny zahrani\u010dn\u00ed instituce, organizace a jednotlivce<\/strong> (\u010dl\u00e1nek 10). Proto by m\u011bl b\u00fdt obez\u0159etn\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo cestuje do \u010c\u00edny nebo p\u0159es ni, a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se tak\u00e9 sezn\u00e1mit s podrobn\u00fdm pr\u016fvodcem<\/a> organizace Safeguard Defenders<\/em> o zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed osob v \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is happening? On May 13, a Chinese court sentenced a Japanese man in his 50s to 12 years in prison for espionage. He was taken into custody in Shanghai in December 2021, and his trial began in October 2023. Japanese officials from the Consulate-General in Shanghai were not permitted to attend the first hearing […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":39676,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[506],"class_list":["post-39674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-david-toman"],"yoast_head":"\nWhere Have All the Spies Gone? 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