{"id":38060,"date":"2024-10-14T15:58:04","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T13:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=38060"},"modified":"2024-11-06T17:17:14","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T15:17:14","slug":"whose-national-day-double-ten-day-cross-strait-relations-and-the-quest-for-a-sense-of-identity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/whose-national-day-double-ten-day-cross-strait-relations-and-the-quest-for-a-sense-of-identity\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00ed, \u017ee je to den st\u00e1tnosti? Den dvoj\u00ed des\u00edtky, vztahy v Tchajwansk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu a hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu vlastn\u00ed identity."},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co se d\u011bje?<\/h2>

Dne 10. \u0159\u00edjna 2024 se konal 113. Den st\u00e1tnosti \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 republiky<\/strong> \u2013 p\u0159ipom\u00ednka vypuknut\u00ed Wu\u010dchangsk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nakonec vedlo ke svr\u017een\u00ed dynastie \u010cching a zalo\u017een\u00ed \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 republiky. Tento sv\u00e1tek, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako Den dvoj\u00ed des\u00edtky (Double Ten Day, \u96d9\u5341\u7bc0), se v sou\u010dasnosti slav\u00ed na Tchaj-wanu. Oslavy, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 projev prezidenta Tchaj-wanu, b\u00fdvaj\u00ed pozorn\u011b sledov\u00e1ny zejm\u00e9na lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed vztahy mezi Tchaj-wanem a \u010c\u00ednou (\u010cLR), nebo\u0165 slou\u017e\u00ed jako ukazatel nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Tchaj-pej\u00ed a Pekingem a odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed stav ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debaty o tchajwansk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identit\u011b.<\/p>

Letos se p\u0159edm\u011btem zna\u010dn\u00e9 pozornosti stal projev prezidenta Williama Laje (Laj \u010cching-te, \u8cf4\u6e05\u5fb7), nebo\u0165 to byl jeho prvn\u00ed proslov od n\u00e1stupu do prezidentsk\u00e9 funkce v\u00a0kv\u011btnu tohoto roku. Dom\u00e1c\u00ed i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed koment\u00e1to\u0159i<\/a> spekulovali, zda by tento projev mohl op\u011bt zv\u00fd\u0161it nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Tchaj-wanem a \u010cLR. Projev se v\u0161ak nesl sp\u00ed\u0161e v um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e9m t\u00f3nu. Prezident Laj uvedl, \u017ee je ochoten jednat s Pekingem o glob\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9mech a t\u00e9matech, jako jsou nap\u0159. zm\u011bny klimatu, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed<\/strong> a snahy o \u201eudr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti skrze prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edru a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 prosperity pro blaho lid\u00ed na obou stran\u00e1ch Tchajwansk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu.<\/em>\u201c Sou\u010dasn\u011b Laj op\u011btovn\u011b potvrdil, jak\u00fd je postoj Tchaj-wanu k ot\u00e1zce vlastn\u00ed suverenity, a prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee \u201e\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 republika a \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 republika nejsou jedna druh\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzeny<\/em>,<\/strong>\u201c a proto \u010cLR \u201enem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo jakkoliv navenek zastupovat Tchaj-wan<\/a>.\u201c Toto prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, spolu s jeho dal\u0161\u00edmi pozn\u00e1mkami o vztaz\u00edch Tchaj-wanu a \u010cLR, dle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vyvolalo nep\u0159\u00e1telskou reakci<\/strong> Pekingu.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

Jak\u00e9 jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti?<\/h2>

V reakci na projev prezidenta Laje \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 mluv\u010d\u00ed ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Mao Ning (\u6bdb\u5be7) uvedla<\/a>, \u017ee \u201edodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed principu jedn\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny, odpor proti \u201atchajwansk\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti\u2018 a odpor proti \u201adv\u011bma \u010c\u00edn\u00e1m\u201c, <\/em>\u010di \u201ajedn\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b\u2018 <\/em>a \u201ajednomu Tchaj-wanu<\/em>\u2018\u201c je nem\u011bnn\u00fdm postojem \u010cLR v ot\u00e1zce vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vztah\u016f Tchaj-wanu a jeho \u00fa\u010dasti na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch. Jedno z prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e zahrnovalo v\u00fdzvu zahrani\u010dn\u00edm politik\u016fm nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00edc\u00edm Tchaj-wan, aby napravili sv\u00e9 nevhodn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky a doposavad u\u010din\u011bn\u00e9 kroky, zdr\u017eeli se \u201evm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed \u010c\u00edny<\/em>\u201c a p\u0159estali \u201eml\u010dky schvalovat \u201atchajwanskou nez\u00e1vislost\u2018, \u010di ji p\u0159\u00edmo podporovat, a zvy\u0161ovat tak nap\u011bt\u00ed v\u00a0Tchajwansk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>

Zjevn\u011b v reakci na Laj\u016fv projev ozn\u00e1milo<\/a> V\u00fdchodn\u00ed velitelstv\u00ed \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u011b osvobozeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (\u010cLOA) zah\u00e1jen\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch man\u00e9vr\u016f Joint Sword-2024B, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed zahrnovat \u201ezlep\u0161en\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 pohotovosti n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch a vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch sil, cvi\u010den\u00ed blok\u00e1dy a kontroly kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f a oblast\u00ed, jako\u017eto i \u00fader\u016f na c\u00edle na mo\u0159i i na sou\u0161i.\u201c \u00davodn\u00edk novin People\u2019s Daily, ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed hl\u00e1sn\u00e9 trouby<\/a> \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdboru Komunistick\u00e9 strany \u010c\u00edny, obvinil Laje z propagace \u201enebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u201anov\u00e9 teorie dvou st\u00e1t\u016f\u2018<\/em>\u201c (\u65b0\u5169\u570b\u8ad6), za n\u00ed\u017e \u00fadajn\u011b stoj\u00ed USA. Cvi\u010den\u00ed tedy maj\u00ed vyslat vzkaz nejen \u201eseparatistick\u00fdm aktivist\u016fm a sil\u00e1m prosazuj\u00edc\u00edm tchajwanskou nez\u00e1vislost<\/em>,\u201c ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Washingtonu. V dob\u011b publikace \u00favodn\u00edku \u010cLOA dosud pro tyto vojensk\u00e9 man\u00e9vry neozn\u00e1mila konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec, dan\u00e9 man\u00e9vry by nicm\u00e9n\u011b m\u011bly nav\u00e1zat na cvi\u010den\u00ed Joint Sword-2024A zah\u00e1jen\u00e9 po Lajov\u011b inaugura\u010dn\u00edm projevu v kv\u011btnu.<\/p>

P\u0159ipome\u0148me si v\u0161ak d\u016fvod oslav. 10. \u0159\u00edjen p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 zah\u00e1jen\u00ed Wu\u010dchangsk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1911<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 nakonec vedlo k Sinchajsk\u00e9 revoluci<\/strong>, p\u00e1du dynastie \u010cching (\u6e05\u671d) a zalo\u017een\u00ed \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 republiky (ROC) na Nov\u00fd rok 1912. Po por\u00e1\u017ece nacionalistick\u00fdch sil Kuomintangu (KMT) \u010c\u00ednskou komunistickou stranou (KS \u010c\u00edny)<\/strong> a \u00fastupu KMT na Tchaj-wan v roce 1949 se nad\u00e1le oslavy Dne st\u00e1tnosti 10. \u0159\u00edjna konaly na obou stran\u00e1ch pr\u016flivu.<\/p>

V dob\u011b Wu\u010dchangsk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed Tchaj-wan nebyl pod spr\u00e1vou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, proto\u017ee byl u\u017e v roce 1895 postoupen Japonsku na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0160imonoseck\u00e9 smlouvy. Oslavy Dne st\u00e1tnosti tedy v kontextu tchajwansk\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed politick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny \u010dasto vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed kontroverze. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pak zejm\u00e9na rozpor mezi Demokratickou pokrokovou stranou (DPP)<\/strong> a Kuomintangem (KMT)<\/strong> ohledn\u011b preferovan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed trajektorie vztah\u016f mezi Tchaj-wanem a \u010cLR a ohledn\u011b tchajwansk\u00e9 identity. V roce 2023 ozn\u00e1mil Ma Jing-\u0165iou (\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d), b\u00fdval\u00fd prezident a v\u016fdce KMT, sv\u016fj bojkot oslav po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch vl\u00e1dou prezidentky Cchaj Jing-wen z d\u016fvodu<\/a> pou\u017eit\u00ed anglick\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu \u201eTaiwan National Day 2023.\u201c Podobn\u011b ozn\u00e1mil Ma i letos, \u017ee se slavnosti nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed. Obvinil toti\u017e Laje z vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u201enov\u00e9 teorie dvou st\u00e1t\u016f<\/a>\u201c, kter\u00e1 podle n\u011bj sm\u011bruje Tchaj-wan k nez\u00e1vislosti. Ma tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tento postoj v\u00fdznamn\u011b poru\u0161uje \u00fastavu \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 republiky a ohro\u017euje tak bezpe\u010dnost 23 milion\u016f obyvatel tohoto ostrovn\u00edho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>

V minulosti Tchajwansk\u00e1 st\u00e1totvorn\u00e1 strana (TSP), zn\u00e1m\u00e1 svou pevnou podporou nez\u00e1vislosti Tchaj-wanu \u2013 zejm\u00e9na mezi mlad\u00fdmi voli\u010di a aktivisty \u2013 prosazovala<\/a> nov\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek<\/strong>, kter\u00fd by v\u00edce odpov\u00eddal tchajwansk\u00e9 historii. Tato strana tvrdila, \u017ee Den dvoj\u00ed des\u00edtky, historicky spjat\u00fd s pevninskou \u010c\u00ednou, byl ostrovu vnucen diktaturou KMT b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed stann\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va a \u017ee tchajwan\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 byli indoktrinov\u00e1ni, aby se identifikovali s \u010c\u00ednskou republikou \u2013 kterou n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed Tchajwanci dokonce pova\u017euj\u00ed za ciz\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed re\u017eim.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2>

Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed prezidenta Laje u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti oslav st\u00e1tn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku maj\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee nazna\u010duj\u00ed, jak se budou v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech vyv\u00edjet vztahy mezi Tchaj-wanem a \u010cLR. \u010c\u00edna pokra\u010duje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u011bkolika n\u00e1stroj\u016f ze sv\u00e9ho arzen\u00e1lu politick\u00e9ho boje v tvrd\u00fdch z\u00e1saz\u00edch proti odp\u016frc\u016fm anexe Tchaj-wanu. To zahrnuje boj pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky: ned\u00e1vno zaveden\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed sm\u011brnice<\/a> roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon proti separatismu z roku 2005 a Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010d. 3<\/a> o \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ei. Pozorovatel\u00e9 nyn\u00ed bedliv\u011b sleduj\u00ed, zda tyto zm\u011bny z\u00e1kon\u016f mohou slou\u017eit jako z\u00e1minka pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed frekvence vojensk\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed nebo prohlouben\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch sankc\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Tchaj-wanu. V\u00fdvoj ud\u00e1lost\u00ed ukazuje na nejistotu ohledn\u011b budouc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed a diplomatick\u00e9 situace Tchaj-wanu ve vztahu \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>

Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee pro v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl milionu tchajwansk\u00fdch austron\u00e9sk\u00fdch domorod\u00fdch obyvatel p\u0159edstavuje Den dvoj\u00ed des\u00edtky ponurou p\u0159ipom\u00ednku historick\u00e9ho (ale i dosud pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho) naru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich suverenity. Tento den symbolizuje zv\u011brstva, kter\u00e1 na nich byla sp\u00e1chan\u00e1 (mimo jin\u00e9 zabr\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed jejich p\u0159edk\u016f), a podtrhuje diskriminaci a marginalizaci, s nimi\u017e se i nad\u00e1le setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed navzdory pokrok\u016fm v z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed politick\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a form\u00e1ln\u00edho zastoupen\u00ed v r\u00e1mci tchajwansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is going on? October 10, 2024 marked the\u00a0113th National Day of the Republic of China \u2013 commemorating the start of the Wuchang Uprising which eventually led to the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. Also known as the Double Ten Day, the holiday is nowadays observed in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":38061,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[538],"class_list":["post-38060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-olimpia-kot"],"yoast_head":"\nWhose National Day? 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