{"id":37556,"date":"2024-09-16T12:03:41","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T10:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=37556"},"modified":"2024-10-02T16:30:36","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T14:30:36","slug":"no-mercy-for-diehards-chinas-anti-secession-law-and-the-case-of-yang-chih-yuan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/no-mercy-for-diehards-chinas-anti-secession-law-and-the-case-of-yang-chih-yuan\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 slitov\u00e1n\u00ed: \u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon proti separatismu a p\u0159\u00edpad Jang \u010c\u2019-j\u00fcana"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co se d\u011bje?<\/h2>

Uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed Jang \u010c\u2019-j\u00fcana (\u694a\u667a\u6df5),<\/strong> tchajwansk\u00e9ho aktivisty a spoluzakladatele Tchajwansk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed strany \u2013 okrajov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany prosazuj\u00edc\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost Tchaj-wanu \u2013 vyvolalo v ostrovn\u00ed zemi \u0161ok. Pot\u00e9, co Peking v \u010dervnu vydal soubor pokyn\u016f<\/strong><\/a> o 22 bodech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se trestn\u00edho st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ezaryt\u00fdch\u201c tchajwansk\u00fdch separatist\u016f<\/strong>, stal se Jang prvn\u00ed Tchajwancem, proti n\u011bmu\u017e \u010c\u00edna pou\u017eila n\u00e1stroj obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze separatismu<\/strong>. \u010c\u00edna zavedla tzv. Z\u00e1kon proti separatismu<\/strong> (Anti-Secession Law<\/strong>) u\u017e v roce 2005. Jeho c\u00edlem<\/a> je sjednocen\u00ed Tchaj-wanu bu\u010f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00edrov\u00e9ho vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo – za z\u00e1konem nejasn\u011b definovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek \u2013 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1siln\u00e9 anexe. P\u0159ed zat\u010den\u00edm Janga v\u0161ak Peking vyu\u017e\u00edval n\u00e1stroj \u201eobvin\u011bn\u00ed ze separatismu\u201c sp\u00ed\u0161e proti etnick\u00fdm men\u0161in\u00e1m<\/a> uvnit\u0159 \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky (\u010cLR), ne\u017eli proti ob\u010dan\u016fm Tchaj-wanu. Lidov\u00fd soud ve Wen-\u010dou na v\u00fdchod\u011b \u010c\u00edny Janga ozna\u010dil<\/a> za \u201ev\u016fd\u010d\u00ed osobu tchajwansk\u00fdch separatistick\u00fdch snah\u201c<\/strong> a 26. srpna mu ud\u011blil dev\u00edtilet\u00fd trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody. Jang\u016fv p\u0159\u00edpad tak ukazuje, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prost\u0159edky jako n\u00e1stroj sv\u00e9 mnohostrann\u00e9 n\u00e1tlakov\u00e9 kampan\u011b<\/strong> s c\u00edlem p\u0159inutit Tchaj-wan k poslu\u0161nosti v\u016f\u010di Pekingu, kter\u00fd usiluje o anexi jeho \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

Jak\u00e9 jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti?<\/h2>

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady zadr\u017eely tchajwansk\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho aktivistu Jang \u010c\u2019-j\u00fcana ve m\u011bst\u011b Wen-\u010dou v provincii \u010ce-\u0165iang 3. srpna 2022 – den pot\u00e9, co tehdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Sn\u011bmovny reprezentant\u016f Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Nancy Pelosi <\/strong>zah\u00e1jila svou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu Tchaj-wanu<\/strong><\/a>. <\/strong>Nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace Safeguard Defenders, kter\u00e1 upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee k Jangovu zat\u010den\u00ed do\u0161lo v\u00edce ne\u017e sedm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po jeho p\u0159\u00edjezdu do \u010c\u00edny a n\u011bkolik let pot\u00e9, co ukon\u010dil sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 aktivity, pova\u017euje<\/a> jeho zat\u010den\u00ed za \u201esv\u00e9voln\u00e9\u201c<\/strong> a \u201epoliticky motivovan\u00e9\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>

P\u0159\u00edpad Jang \u010c\u2019-j\u00fcana je v\u00fdz<\/strong>na\u010dn\u00fd<\/strong> ze dvou hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f. Zaprv\u00e9 je to prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd Tchajwanec zadr\u017een\u00fd na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cLR na z\u00e1klad\u011b obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze separatismu<\/strong>. Zat\u00edmco Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010c\u00edny (KS \u010c\u00edny) m\u00e1 za sebou dlouhou historii pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed Mongol\u016f<\/a>, Tibe\u0165an\u016f<\/a> a Ujgur\u016f<\/a> v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, jako\u017eto i jejich obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ze separatismu, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Janga \u2013 coby ob\u010dana jin\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu ne\u017e \u010cLR \u2013 je takov\u00e9 obvin\u011bn\u00ed ojedin\u011bl\u00e9<\/strong>. Za druh\u00e9, Jangovo zat\u010den\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna je ochotna vyu\u017e\u00edvat sv\u00e9 vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy, v\u010detn\u011b Z\u00e1kona proti separatismu z roku 2005 a souboru dvaceti dvou pokyn\u016f vydan\u00fdch v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce, ke kriminalizaci \u010dinnost\u00ed p\u00e1chan\u00fdch mimo <\/em>\u00fazem\u00ed \u010cLR<\/strong>. Jedn\u00e1 se o zastra\u0161ovac\u00ed taktiku, kterou KS \u010c\u00edny v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 snahy n\u00e1rokovat si jurisdikci nad tchajwansk\u00fdmi ob\u010dany vys\u00edl\u00e1 obyvatel\u016fm Tchaj-wanu d\u016frazn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>

Lawfare<\/strong>, neboli veden\u00ed boje pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky, p\u0159edstavuje z hlediska \u010cLR kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st jej\u00ed doktr\u00edny politick\u00e9ho veden\u00ed boje. Nekinetick\u00e1 (tj. neozbrojen\u00e1) strategie \u201eTroj\u00edho zp\u016fsobu veden\u00ed boje<\/strong><\/a>\u201c, formulovan\u00e1 v roce 2003, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee KS \u010c\u00edny by m\u011bla b\u00fdt schopna dos\u00e1hnout \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f a zlomit odpor protivn\u00edka<\/strong> (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Tchaj-wanu) prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm manipulace <\/strong>ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed i bojem psychologick\u00fdmi a pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky.<\/strong> Jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1stroj\u016f boje pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch proti Tchaj-wanu jsou i v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 nov\u00e9 pokyny pro \u201etrestn\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed tchajwansk\u00fdch separatist\u016f\u201c, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed st\u00edhat \u00fada<\/strong>jn\u00e9 separatistick\u00e9 aktivity<\/strong> prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Toto mimo jin\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b <\/strong>omezuje svobodu projevu<\/strong><\/a> subjekt\u016f spojen\u00fdch s \u010c\u00ednou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ekonomick\u00fdch, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch nebo akademick\u00fdch vazeb.<\/p>

V reakci na Jangovo odsouzen\u00ed Rada pro z\u00e1le\u017eitosti pevninsk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny<\/strong>, tchajwansk\u00fd org\u00e1n na ministersk\u00e9 \u00farovni odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za vztahy mezi st\u00e1ty na obou stran\u00e1ch Tchajwansk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu, zd\u016fraznila sv\u00e9volnou povahu jeho zat\u010den\u00ed a zd\u016fraznila,<\/a> \u017ee \u201ev z\u00e1vislosti na libov\u016fli KS \u010c\u00edny m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nyn\u00ed kter\u00fdkoliv Tchajwanec ozna\u010den za separatistu usi<\/strong>luj\u00edc\u00edho o tchajwanskou nez\u00e1vislost<\/strong>\u201c.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2>

Tchaj-wan \u010dasto slou\u017e\u00ed jako laborato\u0159<\/strong>, \u010di zku\u0161ebn\u00ed ter\u00e9n<\/a> pro nov\u00e9 donucovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 \u010c\u00edna pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch ambic\u00ed st\u00e1t se region\u00e1ln\u00edm hegemonem. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee Tchaj-wan nen\u00ed pro KS \u010c\u00edny zdaleka jedin\u00fdm c\u00edlem jej\u00edho \u201eveden\u00ed boje politick\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky\u201c, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje i prost\u0159edky pr\u00e1vn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco dom\u00e1c\u00ed legislativa, v\u010detn\u011b Z\u00e1kona proti separatismu z roku 2005, je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jako n\u00e1stroj zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> i jako pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zah\u00e1jen\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/strong> \u2013 s c\u00edlem anexe Tchaj-wanu silou \u2013 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed boje pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky (lawfare) zahrnuje tak\u00e9 manipulaci s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem. Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f jsou soustavn\u00e9 pokusy Pekingu p\u0159ekroutit v\u00fdznam rezoluce OSN \u010d. 2758<\/strong><\/a>. Tyto revizionistick\u00e9 snahy maj\u00ed za c\u00edl uv\u00e9st mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed v omyl tak, aby dokument pova\u017eovalo za pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad Pekingem prosazovan\u00e9ho \u201eprincipu jedn\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny\u201c, zat\u00edmco ve skute\u010dnosti status Tchaj-wanu tento dokument v\u016fbec neupravuje. Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f je nezbytn\u00e9, aby demokratick\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed pozorn\u011b sledovalo snahy \u010c\u00edny vyu\u017e\u00edvat pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prost\u0159edky jako\u017eto n\u00e1stroj zhoubn\u00e9ho autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho vlivu<\/strong> a tak naru\u0161ovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd na dohodnut\u00fdch pravidlech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is happening? The imprisonment of Yang Chih-yuan (\u694a\u667a\u6df5), a Taiwanese activist and co-founder of the Taiwanese National Party \u2013 a fringe political party advocating for Taiwanese independence \u2013 sent shockwaves across the island nation. After Beijing the 22-point set of guidelines to punish \u201cdie-hard\u201d Taiwanese independence separatists in June, Yang became the first Taiwanese […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":37557,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[495],"class_list":["post-37556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-marcin-jerzewski"],"yoast_head":"\nNo Mercy for Diehards: China\u2019s Anti-Secession Law and the Case of Yang Chih-yuan - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/no-mercy-for-diehards-chinas-anti-secession-law-and-the-case-of-yang-chih-yuan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"No Mercy for Diehards: China\u2019s Anti-Secession Law and the Case of Yang Chih-yuan - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is happening? The imprisonment of Yang Chih-yuan (\u694a\u667a\u6df5), a Taiwanese activist and co-founder of the Taiwanese National Party \u2013 a fringe political party advocating for Taiwanese independence \u2013 sent shockwaves across the island nation. 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