{"id":37333,"date":"2024-08-20T12:06:09","date_gmt":"2024-08-20T10:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=37333"},"modified":"2024-08-22T16:50:37","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T14:50:37","slug":"the-slumbering-giant-awakens-the-us-ramps-up-chip-production","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/the-slumbering-giant-awakens-the-us-ramps-up-chip-production\/","title":{"rendered":"Sp\u00edc\u00ed obr se probouz\u00ed: Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zvy\u0161uj\u00ed v\u00fdrobu mikro\u010dip\u016f!"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co se d\u011bje?<\/h2>

9. srpna 2024 uplynuly dva roky ode dne, kdy Joe Biden podepsal jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f sv\u00e9ho prezidentstv\u00ed. Tomu se zkr\u00e1cen\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 CHIPS Act<\/a> a ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu je mnoh\u00fdmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi experty vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako jedno z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch legislativn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed posledn\u00edch let<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 mj. spoluur\u010duje trajektorii mocensk\u00e9ho soupe\u0159en\u00ed mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a komunistickou \u010c\u00ednou (\u010cLR). Je tomu tak zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee c\u00edlem tohoto z\u00e1kona je skrze st\u00e1tn\u00ed dotace, p\u016fj\u010dky, da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00falevy a jin\u00e9 pob\u00eddky v\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku znovu zajistit americkou sob\u011bsta\u010dnost v\u00a0oblasti v\u00fdroby mikro\u010dip\u016f<\/strong>, jako\u017eto jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch strategick\u00fdch komodit sou\u010dasnosti. Z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si ono v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ipomenout a pod\u00edvat se bl\u00ed\u017ee na to, jak\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky doposud Bidenova pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 politika p\u0159inesla.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

Jak\u00e9 jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti?<\/h2>

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, jako\u017eto b\u00fdval\u00fd sv\u011btov\u00fd l\u00eddr v\u00a0oblasti navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdroby \u010dip\u016f,\u00a0 jsou dnes v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti tak\u0159ka zcela z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na zem\u00edch Indo-Pacifiku, zejm\u00e9na pak na tchajwansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti TSMC, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u00ed zhruba 90 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 produkce nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch mikro\u010dip\u016f,<\/a> p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacita Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f klesla na zhruba <\/strong>8 % glob\u00e1ln\u00ed produkce <\/strong><\/a>a na 0 % v oblasti nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch mikro\u010dip\u016f<\/strong>. Bylo to pr\u00e1v\u011b naru\u0161en\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f v\u00a0kontextu koronavirov\u00e9 krize a asertivity \u010cLR, kdy si Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pln\u011b uv\u011bdomily svou kritickou zranitelnost a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b velmi nebezpe\u010dnou z\u00e1vislost na zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0geopolitick\u00e9m ohnisku sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch propo\u010dt\u016f by toti\u017e krize v\u00a0tchajwansk\u00e9 \u00fa\u017ein\u011b m\u011bla mj. z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska zhruba<\/strong> tis\u00edcin\u00e1sobn\u011b<\/strong><\/a> hor\u0161\u00ed d\u016fsledky ne\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b<\/strong>. C\u00edlem z\u00e1kona proto bylo ze st\u00e1tn\u00ed kasy investovat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 53 miliard dolar\u016f do v\u00fdroby polovodi\u010d\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, do v\u00fdzkumu, v\u00fdvoje a kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly a zajistit tak strategickou sob\u011bsta\u010dnost zem\u011b od softwarov\u00e9ho designu a\u017e po kone\u010dnou v\u00fdrobu polovodi\u010d\u016f.<\/p>

V\u00fdsledky jsou ji\u017e hmatateln\u00e9 a po dvou letech od schv\u00e1len\u00ed z\u00e1kona se zd\u00e1, \u017ee se Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty skute\u010dn\u011b vydaly p\u0159edur\u010den\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Americk\u00e9 ministerstvo obchodu ji\u017e alokovalo<\/a> skrze p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dohody p\u0159es 30 z celkov\u00fdch\u00a039 miliard dolar\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch k\u00a0v\u00fdstavb\u011b nov\u00fdch nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tov\u00e1ren. V\u00fddaje na pr\u016fmyslovou v\u00fdstavbu v\u00fdrobn\u00edch kapacit v\u00a0oblasti elektrotechniky se od roku 2022 z\u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobily<\/a>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se celkov\u00e9 dohodnut\u00e9 investice des\u00edtek firem v\u00a0oblasti elektrotechniky a v\u00fdroby polovodi\u010d\u016f v cel\u00fdch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech za t\u0159i roky vy\u0161plhaly na bezm\u00e1la <\/strong>400 miliard dolar\u016f<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong> Smlouvy, kter\u00e9 ministerstvo podepsalo<\/a> s\u00a0firmami jako jsou Samsung, Intel nebo TSMC, maj\u00ed d\u00e1t vzniknout t\u0159em samostatn\u00fdm klastr\u016fm v\u00fdroby nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch \u010dip\u016f<\/strong> \u2013 v\u00a0Arizon\u011b, Texasu a v\u00a0Ohiu, a vytvo\u0159it tak dal\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky tis\u00edc pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst v\u00a0mnoha odv\u011btv\u00edch od logistiky a\u017e po samotnou v\u00fdrobu. \u010ctvrt\u00fd klastr m\u00e1 pak vzniknout<\/a> na z\u00e1klad\u011b smluv uzav\u0159en\u00fdch s\u00a0firmou Micron ve St\u00e1t\u011b New York.<\/p>

Zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st prost\u0159edk\u016f v\u00a0hodnot\u011b miliard dolar\u016f m\u00e1 b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 investov\u00e1na<\/a> do v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje pr\u00e1v\u011b za \u00fa\u010delem udr\u017een\u00ed si strategicky kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho n\u00e1skoku p\u0159ed zbytkem sv\u011bta, kter\u00fd si Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty udr\u017eovaly ji\u017e od dob Studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Dal\u0161\u00ed finance maj\u00ed proudit do v\u00fdroby a v\u00fdvoje komponent\u016f, je\u017e budou ur\u010deny k\u00a0vojensk\u00fdm a obrann\u00fdm prost\u0159edk\u016fm<\/strong> a k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, nezbytn\u00fdch pro jejich v\u00fdrobu. V\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti ji\u017e byla nap\u0159.\u00a0schv\u00e1lena<\/a> dotace pro\u00a0britskou firmou BAE za \u00fa\u010delem v\u00fdroby \u010dip\u016f pro letouny F-15 a F-35 v celkov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i 35 milion\u016f dolar\u016f.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2>

V\u00fdstavba supermodern\u00edch tov\u00e1ren m\u00e1 zajistit Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm do roku 2032 zhruba <\/strong>28% pod\u00edl<\/strong><\/a> sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacity nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mikro\u010dip\u016f<\/strong>, av\u0161ak jedn\u00e1 se o b\u011bh na dlouhou tra\u0165. Vl\u00e1d\u011b se prozat\u00edm v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacity zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu nav\u00fd\u0161it nepoda\u0159ilo, a i kdy\u017e je zem\u011b na dobr\u00e9 cest\u011b st\u00e1t se b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch let op\u011bt velmoc\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti produkce polovodi\u010d\u016f, \u010dasov\u00fd horizont, se kter\u00fdm z\u00e1kon po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee nejen pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty potenci\u00e1ln\u011b znamenat obrovsk\u00fd probl\u00e9m. V\u00a0roce 2027 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u010cLR podle politick\u00e9ho zad\u00e1n\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 strany p\u0159ipravena k\u00a0<\/strong>invazi na Tchaj-wan<\/strong><\/a> a pokud dojde ke krizi v\u00a0Tchajwansk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu nebo v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se z\u00e1padn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016fm poda\u0159\u00ed nastartovat v\u00fdrobu a diverzifikovat dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce, ekonomick\u00e9 i politick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lost\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt i pro \u010ceskou republiku nedoz\u00edrn\u00e9<\/strong>. \u010casov\u00fd horizont v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jedin\u00fd probl\u00e9m, se kter\u00fdm se mohou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, pota\u017emo Z\u00e1pad jako celek v\u00a0tomto ohledu pot\u00fdkat. Jedn\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 mj. o nutn\u00fd dostatek vysoce kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly, kter\u00e1 je pot\u0159eba pro cel\u00fd nesm\u00edrn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd produk\u010dn\u00ed a technologicky pokro\u010dil\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvu m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat nap\u0159. tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed schopnost inovac\u00ed, udr\u017eitelnost v\u00fdroby a konkurenceschopnost jej\u00edho financov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0del\u0161\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu, jeliko\u017e \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9 pob\u00eddky pro firmy budou nepochybn\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1zet tak\u00e9 ze strany dal\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is happening? August 9, 2024 marked two years since US President Joe Biden signed one of the most important bills of his presidency \u2014 the US Chips and Science Act. In the medium term, many experts view it as one of the most significant pieces of legislation in recent years, helping to shape the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":37341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[552],"class_list":["post-37333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-ondrej-malek"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Slumbering Giant Awakens: The US Ramps up Chip Production! - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/the-slumbering-giant-awakens-the-us-ramps-up-chip-production\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Slumbering Giant Awakens: The US Ramps up Chip Production! - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is happening? August 9, 2024 marked two years since US President Joe Biden signed one of the most important bills of his presidency \u2014 the US Chips and Science Act. 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