{"id":36930,"date":"2024-07-09T12:00:49","date_gmt":"2024-07-09T10:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=36930"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:07:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T12:07:36","slug":"chinas-lawfare-against-taiwan-tool-of-suppression-du-jour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/chinas-lawfare-against-taiwan-tool-of-suppression-du-jour\/","title":{"rendered":"Trest smrti pro zast\u00e1nce \u201enez\u00e1vislosti Tchaj-wanu\u201c?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Co se d\u011bje?<\/span><\/h2>

Existuje pr\u00e1vo, ale pr\u00e1vo nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e, co spravedlnost. A m\u00e1lokter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho \u017eivota to ilustruje jasn\u011bji ne\u017e <\/span>ned\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst<\/span><\/a><\/span> \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch aktivit p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed lawfare, tedy u\u017eit\u00ed pr\u00e1va k dosa\u017een\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f, proti Tchaj-wanu.<\/span><\/p>

Lawfare, neboli pr\u00e1vn\u00ed v\u00e1lka, se st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojem politick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Komunistick\u00e9 strany \u010c\u00edny (KS \u010c\u00edny) zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 proti Tchaj-wanu, de facto suver\u00e9nn\u00edmu st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd KS \u010c\u00edny nad\u00e1le prohla\u0161uje za sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee jej nikdy neovl\u00e1dala. <\/span><\/p>

21. \u010dervna Peking ozn\u00e1mil nov\u00e1 znepokojiv\u00e1 doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed stanoviska v r\u00e1mci z\u00e1kona proti odlou\u010den\u00ed z roku 2005 (<\/span>Anti-Secession Law)<\/span>. Tyto <\/span>nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pokyny<\/span><\/a><\/span> zahrnuj\u00ed trest smrti<\/span><\/b> za nejasn\u011b definovan\u00e9 aktivity podporuj\u00edc\u00ed \u201enez\u00e1vislost Tchaj-wanu\u201c, a to s\u00a0okam\u017eitou platnost\u00ed. Jen o n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, 15. \u010dervna, vstoupilo v platnost na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee (CCG) <\/span>\u010d. 3<\/span><\/a><\/span>, kter\u00e9 oprav\u0148uje velitele CCG zadr\u017eet zahrani\u010dn\u00ed plavidla a jejich pos\u00e1dky, kter\u00e9 byly zaji\u0161t\u011bny ve vod\u00e1ch pod \u010d\u00ednskou jurisdikc\u00ed nebo na kter\u00e9 si \u010c\u00edna \u010din\u00ed n\u00e1rok, a to a\u017e na dobu 60 dn\u00ed. Tento krok vyvolal zna\u010dn\u00e9 obavy ohledn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed platnosti nov\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se uk\u00e1zal jako hrozba pro region\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed re\u017eim.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>

Jak\u00e9 jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti? <\/span><\/h2>

Spolu s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm a psychologickou v\u00e1lkou p\u0159edstavuje boj proti pr\u00e1vu hlavn\u00ed princip T\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f (<\/span>\u4e09\u7a2e\u6230\u6cd5<\/span>), kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 strategie politick\u00e9ho boje \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 osvobozeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (\u010cLOA), kter\u00e1 byla v roce 2003 stanovena v novelizovan\u00fdch Pravidlech politick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce \u010cLOA. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00e9 c\u00edle T\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f ilustruj\u00ed snahu Pekingu manipulovat vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a psychologii lid\u00ed, aby podm\u00ednil opera\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch. Lawfare slou\u017e\u00ed jako <\/span>d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st<\/span><\/a><\/span> \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed \u201esn\u00ed\u017eit politickou podporu protivn\u00edka a d\u00e1le prosazovat, informovat a strukturovat \u00fazemn\u00ed n\u00e1roky a n\u00e1roky na zdroje\u201c. <\/span><\/p>

Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj ukazuje praktick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky neust\u00e1l\u00e9 snahy Pekingu o politickou v\u00e1lku, a zejm\u00e9na tu pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, jako n\u00e1stroje realizace sv\u00fdch hegemonistick\u00fdch ambic\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>

Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed lidov\u00e1 prokuratura \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky, ministerstvo ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, ministerstvo st\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a ministerstvo spravedlnosti spole\u010dn\u011b vydaly \u201eStanoviska k pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu postihu zast\u00e1nc\u016f \u201enez\u00e1vislosti Tchaj-wanu\u201c za podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k rozd\u011blen\u00ed zem\u011b a odtr\u017een\u00ed\u201c. Tyto nov\u00e9 pokyny se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na zast\u00e1nce nez\u00e1vislosti Tchaj-wanu a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed soudn\u00edch proces\u016f <\/span>v nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti<\/span><\/a><\/span>. Hlavn\u00edm pachatel\u016fm hroz\u00ed do\u017eivot\u00ed nebo tresty p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed deset let. T\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed budou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za osoby zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u0161kody \u010cLR a jej\u00edmu lidu, m\u016f\u017ee hrozit <\/span>trest smrti<\/span><\/b>. Aktivn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm \u201esecesionistick\u00fdch aktivit\u201c (a\u010dkoli tyto aktivity nemaj\u00ed jasnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed definici) m\u016f\u017ee rovn\u011b\u017e hrozit zbaven\u00ed politick\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Tyto nov\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako \u201e<\/span>22 stanovisek<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u201c, jsou <\/span>vn\u00edm\u00e1ny<\/span><\/a><\/span> jako zdokonalen\u00ed z\u00e1kona proti odlou\u010den\u00ed z roku 2005. V d\u016fsledku toho tchajwansk\u00e1 Rada pro z\u00e1le\u017eitosti pevninsk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny (<\/span>Mainland Affairs Council, <\/span>MAC) <\/span>zv\u00fd\u0161ila stupe\u0148 v\u00fdstrahy<\/span><\/a><\/span> pro tchajwansk\u00e9 cestovatele do \u010c\u00edny, Macaa a Hongkongu na oran\u017eov\u00fd, co\u017e je druh\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stupe\u0148 v\u00fdstrahy v r\u00e1mci tchajwansk\u00e9ho \u010dty\u0159stup\u0148ov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, a doporu\u010dila ob\u010dan\u016fm, aby zru\u0161ili cesty, kter\u00e9 nejsou nezbytn\u00e9. Nov\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se rovn\u011b\u017e setkalo se <\/span>znepokojen\u00edm<\/span><\/a><\/span> tchajwansk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edch i opozi\u010dn\u00edch stran a <\/span>ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed USA<\/span><\/a><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

Dal\u0161\u00edm odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm krokem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f bylo zaveden\u00ed <\/span>na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010d. 3<\/span><\/a><\/span> o \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ei, kter\u00e9 j\u00ed ud\u011bluje \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu opera\u010dn\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b nalod\u011bn\u00ed a zadr\u017een\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch plavidel ve sporn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch, pokud jsou podez\u0159el\u00e1 z poru\u0161en\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f o vstupu a v\u00fdstupu. <\/span>Podle<\/span><\/a><\/span> tchajwansk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed (MOFA) nov\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zhor\u0161uje <\/span>p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed geopolitick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/b> v regionu, zejm\u00e9na pokud se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u00fazemn\u00ed n\u00e1roky v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i. MOFA proto obvinilo \u010cLR z poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a \u00damluvy OSN o mo\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu (UNCLOS). Tchajwansk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny proto pova\u017euj\u00ed zadr\u017een\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 lodi Ta \u0164in Man (<\/span>\u5927\u9032\u6eff<\/span>) \u010d. 88, registrovan\u00e9 na Pescadorsk\u00fdch ostrovech, ze dne 4. \u010dervence za <\/span>p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd d\u016fsledek<\/span><\/a><\/span> nov\u00e9ho na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed CCG.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/span><\/h2>

Uveden\u00ed \u201e22 stanovisek\u201c pom\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tce po inauguraci Laje \u010cching-teho (<\/span>\u8cf4\u6e05\u5fb7<\/span>) nov\u00fdm prezidentem Tchaj-wanu 20. kv\u011btna m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt strategick\u00fdm tahem \u010cLR, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je dal\u0161\u00ed zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho ostrovn\u00edho st\u00e1tu. Panuj\u00ed obavy, zda se tato na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed budou t\u00fdkat b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch tchajwansk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f a cizinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se zasazuj\u00ed o nez\u00e1vislost Tchaj-wanu, nebo budou c\u00edlit p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na politiky. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou nav\u00edc z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, zda \u010c\u00edna vyu\u017eije Smlouvu o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoci (<\/span>Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty, MLAT) ke st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto osob. \u010c\u00edna roz\u0161i\u0159uje sv\u00e9 smlouvy o vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed osob (v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je uzav\u0159eno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 dvoustrann\u00fdch <\/span><\/span>smluv o vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed osob<\/span><\/a><\/span>, z nich\u017e 45 bylo ratifikov\u00e1no), co\u017e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 obavy o dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, nebo\u0165 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da je obvi\u0148ov\u00e1na z manipulace s t\u011bmito smlouvami za \u00fa\u010delem uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho vlivu a st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed osob z politick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. Toto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed strategie <\/span>nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed represe<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>

Operace souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm \u010d. 3 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee by nav\u00edc mohly eskalovat region\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se suver\u00e9nn\u00edch pr\u00e1v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b pr\u00e1v na rybolov v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch oblastech. Rostouc\u00ed obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch plavidel ze strany \u010c\u00edny je patrn\u00e9 z naru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00f3ny (<\/span>Philippines Exclusive Economic Zone, EEZ), jako byl nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u0159et u <\/span><\/span>Druh\u00e9 Thomasovy m\u011bl\u010diny<\/span><\/a><\/span> ze 17. \u010dervna. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010c\u00edny by proto m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159edm\u011btem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho znepokojen\u00ed, nebo\u0165 by mohla ovlivnit m\u00edr a bezpe\u010dnost v regionu.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is going on? There is law, but law is not justice. And few real-life examples illustrate it more clearly than the recent uptick in Chinese lawfare activities against Taiwan. Lawfare, or legal warfare, is emerging as an increasingly prevalent tool of the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s (CCP) political warfare targeted at Taiwan, a de facto […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":36938,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[538],"class_list":["post-36930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-olimpia-kot"],"yoast_head":"\nChina\u2019s Lawfare Against Taiwan: Tool of Suppression Du Jour? - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/chinas-lawfare-against-taiwan-tool-of-suppression-du-jour\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China\u2019s Lawfare Against Taiwan: Tool of Suppression Du Jour? - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is going on? There is law, but law is not justice. And few real-life examples illustrate it more clearly than the recent uptick in Chinese lawfare activities against Taiwan. 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