{"id":36256,"date":"2024-04-12T12:03:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T10:03:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=36256"},"modified":"2024-04-15T16:38:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T14:38:00","slug":"from-onion-memes-to-election-polls-south-koreas-2024-national-assembly-election","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/from-onion-memes-to-election-polls-south-koreas-2024-national-assembly-election\/","title":{"rendered":"Od internetov\u00fdch memes a\u017e k volebn\u00edm m\u00edstnostem: Parlamentn\u00ed volby v Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co se d\u011bje?<\/h2>

Jihokorejci se 10. dubna 2024 vydali k volebn\u00edm urn\u00e1m, aby hlasovali v parlamentn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch, v nich\u017e se bojovalo o v\u0161ech 300 k\u0159esel.<\/strong>\u00a0Mezi hlavn\u00ed strany v souboji pat\u0159ila Demokratick\u00e1 strana Koreje (DPK), kter\u00e1 je od posledn\u00edch voleb vedouc\u00ed stranou v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, a konzervativn\u00ed Strana lidov\u00e9 moci (PPP), jej\u00ed\u017e kandid\u00e1t Yoon Suk Yeol se v roce 2022 ujal prezidentsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu. Vzhledem k nespokojenosti ve\u0159ejnosti se sou\u010dasn\u00fdm jihokorejsk\u00fdm politick\u00fdm establishmentem v\u0161ak v z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9m sboru\u00a0z\u00edskaly siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozici men\u0161\u00ed strany<\/a>.<\/p>

Leto\u0161n\u00ed volby<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0zaznamenaly 67 procentn\u00ed volebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast, co\u017e je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast za posledn\u00edch 32 let. Hlavn\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00ed strana DPK si zajistila 174 k\u0159esel, zat\u00edmco vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed PPP z\u00edskala 109 k\u0159esel. Strana obnovy Koreje (RKP), kterou vede b\u00fdval\u00fd ministr spravedlnosti Cho Kuk, z\u00edskala 12 k\u0159esel.\u00a0<\/strong>Leto\u0161n\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed volby byly od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku pova\u017eov\u00e1ny\u00a0za rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0pro nastaven\u00ed t\u00f3nu pro zbytek Yoonova prezidentstv\u00ed. Prezidentu Yoonovi zb\u00fdvaj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b t\u0159i roky prezidentsk\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu a\u00a0ne\u00fasp\u011bch PPP, kter\u00e9 se nepoda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat v\u011bt\u0161inu z 300 k\u0159esel v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vytvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky p\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed jeho dom\u00e1c\u00ed i zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00e9 agendy.<\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

Jak\u00e9 jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti?<\/h2>

Jihokorejsk\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u201e<\/strong>imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed prezidentstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>\u201c<\/strong>\u00a0tradi\u010dn\u011b znamen\u00e1, \u017ee prezident m\u00e1 nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b velkou moc nad stanovov\u00e1n\u00edm agendy i v\u00fdkonem politiky, a to i v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed pod kontrolou opozi\u010dn\u00ed strany.<\/strong>\u00a0Tento syst\u00e9m vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed je kritizov\u00e1n jako nefunk\u010dn\u00ed a jako p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka prohlubov\u00e1n\u00ed a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed demokracie v\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji. Krom\u011b toho se jihokorejsk\u00fd vl\u00e1dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m vyzna\u010duje n\u00edzkou odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed a politickou paral\u00fdzou, jejich\u017e zdrojem je slab\u00fd stranick\u00fd syst\u00e9m.\u00a0V minulosti<\/a>\u00a0byly krom\u011b dvou dominantn\u00edch stran, DPK a PPP, ostatn\u00ed strany, kter\u00e9 neusp\u011bly v prezidentsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch, rozpu\u0161t\u011bny jen proto, aby se pozd\u011bji \u201ereformovaly a obnovily pod veden\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00e9 osobnosti p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 na dal\u0161\u00ed prezidentsk\u00e9 volby\u201c.<\/p>

Jihokorejsk\u00fd politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m je tak\u00e9 trvale ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n dv\u011bma hlavn\u00edmi stranami. V roce 2020 zavedla Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>syst\u00e9m sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho pom\u011brn\u00e9ho zastoupen\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>(MMPR),<\/strong>\u00a0aby zajistila v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed men\u0161\u00edch stran. Uk\u00e1zalo se v\u0161ak, \u017ee t\u00e9to iniciativ\u011b se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nepoda\u0159\u00ed dramaticky zm\u011bnit zastoupen\u00ed stran v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0L\u00edd\u0159i dok\u00e1zali vyu\u017e\u00edt mezer v nov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu a za\u010dali zakl\u00e1dat men\u0161\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>satelitn\u00ed strany, kter\u00e9<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>jsou<\/strong>\u00a0\u010dasto po volb\u00e1ch rozpu\u0161t\u011bny a obvykle se pot\u00e9 stanou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jedn\u00e9 z hlavn\u00edch dvou stran.<\/strong>\u00a0Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed tak budou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i nad\u00e1le dominovat DPK a PPP.<\/p>

Podobn\u011b jako zbytek dne\u0161n\u00edho demokratick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta se\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea v<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>posledn\u00edch<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>letech<\/strong>\u00a0pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s nespokojenost\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti s politick\u00fdm establishmentem zem\u011b.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Od voleb v roce 2022 z\u00e1pol\u00ed jihokorejsk\u00fd prezident Yoon Suk Yeol a vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed strana PPP s neobvykle n\u00edzkou m\u00edrou podpory. Pr\u016fzkumy ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed proveden\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010dervnu 2023<\/strong><\/a> uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee Yoonova m\u00edra podpory klesla na 35 procent, zat\u00edmco m\u00edra nesouhlasu \u010dinila 57 procent. Pr\u016fzkum tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee podpora sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed strany PPP \u010dinila pouh\u00fdch 35 procent, co\u017e bylo jen o m\u00e1lo v\u00edce ne\u017e u hlavn\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00ed strany DPK, kter\u00e1 zaznamenala podporu 32 procent.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky pr\u016fzkumu nazna\u010dily, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 49 procent respondent\u016f by ve volb\u00e1ch do N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v dubnu 2024 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b volilo v\u011bt\u0161inu men\u0161\u00edch opozi\u010dn\u00edch stran pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu brzd a protiv\u00e1h, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje rovnov\u00e1hu v d\u011blb\u011b moci.<\/p>

N\u00edzk\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011bra, rostouc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, prudce rostouc\u00ed ceny zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f, pomal\u00e9 tempo hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho o\u017eiven\u00ed, nezam\u011bstnanost, rychle st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed spole\u010dnost a nedostatek zdravotn\u00edk\u016f a pe\u010dovatel\u016f jsou jedn\u011bmi z mnoha hnac\u00edch sil leto\u0161n\u00edch voleb do N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0Parlamentn\u00ed volby se konaly na pozad\u00ed celost\u00e1tn\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>st\u00e1vky l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>na protest<\/strong>\u00a0proti reformn\u00edm pl\u00e1n\u016fm prezidenta Yoona,<\/strong>\u00a0jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je od roku 2025 zv\u00fd\u0161it ro\u010dn\u00ed po\u010det\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fdch student\u016f na l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty<\/a>\u00a0o 2000 m\u00edst. Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed voli\u010di, kte\u0159\u00ed se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed o schopnost Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje zajistit dostate\u010dnou p\u00e9\u010di pro rychle st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed populaci, tento krok podpo\u0159ili, tis\u00edce l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f-st\u00e1\u017eist\u016f a profesor\u016f rozhodnut\u00ed kritizovaly a tvrdily, \u017ee nejen\u017ee ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my se \u0161patn\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami a n\u00edzk\u00fdmi platy, ale \u017ee tak\u00e9 zhor\u0161\u00ed kvalitu l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de v zemi.<\/p>

Olej do ohn\u011b p\u0159ilila i man\u017eelka prezidenta Yoona,\u00a0kter\u00e1 se \u00fadajn\u011b pod\u00edlela na<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>manipulaci s cenami akci\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong>\u00a0zfal\u0161ovala sv\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>profesn\u00ed \u00fadaje<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>v \u017e\u00e1dosti o zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a poru\u0161ila jihokorejsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony t\u00edm, \u017ee<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>p\u0159ijala dary,<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u011b luxusn\u00ed kabelku Dior, v hodnot\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 750 dolar\u016f.<\/strong>\u00a0Prezident Yoon se tak\u00e9 stal ter\u010dem posm\u011bchu na internetu po n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b\u00a0obchodu s potravinami<\/a>, kdy se ne\u0161\u0165astn\u011b komentoval cenu\u00a0jihokorejsk\u00e9 jarn\u00ed cibulky, co\u017e vyvolalo kritiku v cel\u00e9 zemi. Prezident Yoon tak rozhn\u011bval n\u011bkter\u00e9 voli\u010de, kte\u0159\u00ed ho kritizuj\u00ed za to, \u017ee nem\u00e1 kontakt s ka\u017edodenn\u00ed realitou b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch Korejc\u016f. V d\u016fsledku toho se\u00a0nem\u00e1lo voli\u010d\u016f<\/a>\u00a0rozhodlo volit men\u0161\u00ed strany, jejich\u017e programy se v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na pot\u0159eby oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2>

Od sv\u00e9 inaugurace<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u010del\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>prezident Yoon<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>siln\u00e9 opozici<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0v\u00a0N\u00e1rodn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na co se t\u00fd\u010de ot\u00e1zek jeho dom\u00e1c\u00ed politiky.<\/strong>\u00a0Tento vzorec bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u00e1le pokra\u010dovat vzhledem k v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00ed strany v parlamentn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco p\u0159edchoz\u00ed vl\u00e1da dok\u00e1zala<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>prosadit 61 procent<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0n\u00e1vrh\u016f z\u00e1kon\u016f p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fdch v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, prezident Yoon byl doposud schopen prosadit pouze<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 29 procent<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch n\u00e1vrh\u016f z\u00e1kon\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se dom\u00e1c\u00ed politiky.<\/strong>\u00a0Tak\u00e9 vzhledem k pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu zastoupen\u00ed RKP, kter\u00e1 je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jednu z progresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch stran, by se Yoonova opozice mohla v budoucnu pokusit vyu\u017e\u00edt s\u00e9rie jeho osobn\u00edch skand\u00e1l\u016f k dal\u0161\u00edmu oslaben\u00ed jeho pozice a popularity.<\/p>

V<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje se v\u0161ak mnoho zm\u011bn neo\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1. <\/strong>Od za\u010d\u00e1tku sv\u00e9ho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed se Yoon sna\u017e\u00ed prosazovat zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00e9 iniciativy i za cenu vnitropolitick\u00e9ho odporu. Je proto pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bude\u00a0pokra\u010dovat ve zm\u011bn\u011b zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky p\u0159edchoz\u00ed vl\u00e1dy a zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed se na pos\u00edlen\u00ed vazeb Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje s USA a Japonskem, zaujme tvrd\u0161\u00ed postoj k Severn\u00ed Koreji a pos\u00edl\u00ed podporu Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje Ukrajin\u011b a jej\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed o obranu demokratick\u00fdch hodnot ve sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/strong>\u00a0A\u010dkoli Yoon\u016fv zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00fd kurz pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u016fstane nezm\u011bn\u011bn, o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee opozice a opozic\u00ed ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed p\u0159i kritice Yoonovy zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky za to, \u017ee je\u00a0nepraktick\u00e1\u00a0<\/a>a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b provokativn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is happening? On April 10, 2024, South Koreans headed to the polls to vote in the country\u2019s parliamentary elections, with all 300 seats up for grabs. The leading parties in the race included the Democratic Party Korea (DPK), which has held a majority in the National Assembly since the last elections, and the conservative […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":36257,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[550],"class_list":["post-36256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-dominika-urhova"],"yoast_head":"\nFrom Onion Memes to Election Polls: South Korea\u2019s 2024 National Assembly Election - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/from-onion-memes-to-election-polls-south-koreas-2024-national-assembly-election\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Onion Memes to Election Polls: South Korea\u2019s 2024 National Assembly Election - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is happening? 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