{"id":36249,"date":"2024-04-12T12:00:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T10:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=36249"},"modified":"2024-04-15T16:37:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T14:37:27","slug":"kowtowing-to-the-authoritarian-emperor-taiwans-former-president-visits-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/kowtowing-to-the-authoritarian-emperor-taiwans-former-president-visits-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Poklonkov\u00e1n\u00ed autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu c\u00edsa\u0159i? B\u00fdval\u00fd tchajwansk\u00fd prezident na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b \u010c\u00edny"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co se d\u011bje?<\/h2>

Ve st\u0159edu se\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00fd tchajwansk\u00fd prezident<\/strong>\u00a0Ma Jing-\u0165iou (\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d) \u2013 vystupuj\u00edc\u00ed jako soukrom\u00e1 osoba \u2013\u00a0setkal<\/a>\u00a0s \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm v\u016fdcem Si \u0164in-pchingem (\u7fd2\u8fd1\u5e73). Jednalo se o druh\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed Maa a Siho od roku 2015, kdy do\u0161lo k historicky prvn\u00edmu setk\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00edch vedouc\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 republiky a \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky.\u00a0<\/p>

Setk\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u011bhlo b\u011bhem\u00a0Maovy\u00a0jeden\u00e1ctidenn\u00ed cesty do \u010c\u00edny<\/strong>, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e vedl skupinu 20 student\u016f sdru\u017een\u00fdch v jeho Nadaci pro kulturu a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (Ma Ying-jeou Culture and Education Foundation). Jak uvedl \u0159editel nadace Siao S\u00fc-cchen (\u856d\u65ed\u5c91),\u00a0pozv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161lo z Pekingu<\/a>\u00a0a zahrnovalo itiner\u00e1\u0159 v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Pekingu, a provinci\u00ed Kuang-tung a \u0160en-si. Program obsahoval tak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dast na ob\u0159adu v mauzoleu \u017dlut\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e a akademick\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny se studenty z Pekingsk\u00e9 univerzity a Sunjatsenovy univerzity, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem bylo \u201epomoci tchajwansk\u00fdm student\u016fm hledat jejich ko\u0159eny\u201c.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

Jak\u00e9 jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti<\/h2>

Ma Jing-\u0165iou je\u00a0\u010dlenem hlavn\u00ed tchajwansk\u00e9 opozi\u010dn\u00ed strany, \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed strany<\/strong>\u00a0(Kuomintang, KMT). V minulosti zast\u00e1val funkci p\u0159edsedy KMT a v letech 2008 a\u017e 2016 byl prezidentem Tchaj-wanu. KMT je na Tchaj-wanu obecn\u011b\u00a0pova\u017eov\u00e1na za<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u010c\u00edn\u011b p\u0159\u00e1tel\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0stranu, kter\u00e1 se stav\u00ed\u00a0proti nez\u00e1vislosti Tchaj-wanu<\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0up\u0159ednost\u0148uje ekonomick\u00e9 vazby s \u010c\u00ednou.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Strana v\u0161ak\u00a0nesouhlas\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0s \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm modelem \u201ejedna zem\u011b, dva syst\u00e9my\u201c, nebo\u0165 ten p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednskou vl\u00e1du nad Tchaj-wanem.<\/p>

B\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho prezidentstv\u00ed Ma up\u0159ednost\u0148oval\u00a0podporu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 identity<\/strong>\u00a0a odklonil se od prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho procesu tchajwanizace. Jeho administrativa rovn\u011b\u017e kladla d\u016fraz na\u00a0liberalizaci vztah\u016f s \u010cLR<\/strong>podpisem n\u011bkolika dohod, v\u010detn\u011b obchodn\u00ed dohody (Cross-Strait Services Trade Agreement, CSSTA), kter\u00e1\u00a0na Tchaj-wanu spustila Slune\u010dnicov\u00e9 hnut\u00ed\u00a0<\/strong>kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m z\u00a0nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 transparentnosti<\/strong>procesu vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento studentsk\u00fd a celon\u00e1rodn\u00ed protest z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tchajwansk\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch hnut\u00ed a ned\u00e1vno si obyvatel\u00e9 p\u0159ipomn\u011bli jeho\u00a0desetilet\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>

Historick\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed Ma Jing-\u0165ioua a Si \u0164in-pchinga<\/strong>\u00a0v Singapuru v roce 2015 znamenalo prvn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016fdc\u016f obou stran od roku 1949 a symbolizovalo usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed po dlouholet\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed. Vedlo v\u0161ak\u00a0na Tchaj-wanu tak\u00e9 k dom\u00e1c\u00edm debat\u00e1m a protest\u016fm<\/a>\u00a0s obavami z\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho trojsk\u00e9ho kon\u011b.<\/strong>\u00a0V dubnu 2023 se Ma rovn\u011b\u017e vydal na dvan\u00e1ctidenn\u00ed cestu do \u010c\u00edny. P\u0159esto\u017ee se\u00a0nesetkal se Si \u0164in-pingem<\/a>, vzbudila jeho cesta\u00a0odpor<\/a>\u00a0lid\u00ed na obou stran\u00e1ch pr\u016flivu. Pozoruhodn\u00e9 je, \u017ee Ma je jedin\u00fdm tchajwansk\u00fdm prezidentem, kter\u00fd se setkal se Si \u0164in-pchingem, a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedin\u00fdm b\u00fdval\u00fdm tchajwansk\u00fdm prezidentem, kter\u00fd opakovan\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edvil \u010c\u00ednu. Tyto kroky podtrhuj\u00ed jeho\u00a0postoj ke vztah\u016fm mezi \u010cLR a Tchaj-wanem\u00a0<\/strong>a zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed podporovat u\u017e\u0161\u00ed vztahy s \u010c\u00ednou.<\/p>

V obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed prezidentsk\u00fdmi volbami v roce 2024 se\u00a0Ma stal kontroverzn\u00ed osobnost\u00ed,<\/strong>\u00a0kter\u00e1 skl\u00edz\u00ed kritiku jak od ob\u010dan\u016f, tak od sv\u00e9 strany KMT. Jeho ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fdroky o vztaz\u00edch mezi \u010c\u00ednou a Tchaj-wanem, v\u010detn\u011b tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0d\u016fv\u011bra v Si \u0164in-pchinga je nezbytn\u00e1<\/a>, spolu s v\u00fdzvou ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu na obranu, proto\u017ee Tchaj-wan\u00a0\u201enikdy nem\u016f\u017ee nad \u010c\u00ednou vyhr\u00e1t\u201c<\/a>, vyvolaly nesouhlasn\u00e9 reakce.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2>

Maova cesta do \u010c\u00edna na\u00a0pozv\u00e1n\u00ed Pekingu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 v kontextu vztah\u016f mezi \u010cLR a Tchaj-wanem. Si v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje\u00a0v\u00fdznam v\u00fdm\u011bny ml\u00e1de\u017ee<\/a>\u00a0jako zp\u016fsob, jak pos\u00edlit vazby mezi ob\u011bma stranami prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soft power. Toto gesto odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed strategick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup Pekingu k anga\u017eovanosti a zna\u010d\u00ed jeho soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o formov\u00e1n\u00ed narativu obklopuj\u00edc\u00edho tchajwanskou identitu\u00a0s c\u00edlem odvr\u00e1tit ji od de-sinizace<\/a>. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee nazna\u010dovat, \u017ee Peking pova\u017euje \u010dlena KMT a b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta Maa za v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho\u00a0prost\u0159edn\u00edka ve vztaz\u00edch \u010c\u00edny a Tchaj-wanu.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>To je patrn\u00e9 z faktu, \u017ee \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da odm\u00edt\u00e1 spolupracovat se sou\u010dasnou vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed stranou, Demokratickou pokrokovou stranou (DPP), kterou Peking neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1 jako legitimn\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed org\u00e1n a ozna\u010duje ji\u00a0kv\u016fli jej\u00edmu prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed tchajwansk\u00e9 suverenity za separatistickou<\/a>.<\/p>

Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed Maovy cesty do \u010c\u00edny a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed se Sim se kryje se dv\u011bma v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi\u00a0geopolitick\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi:<\/strong>\u00a0summitem mezi USA, Japonskem a Filip\u00ednami, a v\u00fdro\u010d\u00edm p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona o vztaz\u00edch s Tchaj-wanem (Taiwan Relations Act), proti n\u011bmu\u017e se Peking postavil v roce 1979. Na pozad\u00ed\u00a0eskalace nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi USA a \u010c\u00ednou<\/strong>\u00a0m\u00e1 toto na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed symbolickou v\u00e1hu a poukazuje na slo\u017eitou hru z\u00e1jm\u016f a\u00a0strategick\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed v indopacifick\u00e9m regionu.\u00a0<\/strong>Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam postaven\u00ed Tchaj-wanu a jeho vztah\u016f s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi region\u00e1ln\u00edmi akt\u00e9ry v kontextu t\u00e9to dynamiky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is happening? On Wednesday,\u00a0former Taiwanese president\u00a0Ma Ying-jeou (\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d) \u2013 acting as a private citizen \u2013\u00a0met\u00a0with Chinese leader Xi Jinping (\u7fd2\u8fd1\u5e73). This was the second meeting between Ma and Xi since 2015, which saw a historic first encounter between the sitting leaders of the Republic of China and the People\u2019s Republic of China. The meeting […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":36250,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[555],"class_list":["post-36249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-isabella-kern"],"yoast_head":"\nKowtowing to the Authoritarian Emperor? 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