{"id":35704,"date":"2023-10-05T12:03:42","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T10:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=35704"},"modified":"2024-03-06T19:58:21","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T17:58:21","slug":"taiwans-food-security-and-the-food-loss-paradox","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/taiwans-food-security-and-the-food-loss-paradox\/","title":{"rendered":"Tchajwansk\u00e1 potravinov\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost a paradox potravinov\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"
Po skand\u00e1lech s\u00a0nespr\u00e1vn\u011b ozna\u010den\u00fdmi vejci z\u00a0dovozu a chybn\u00fdm datem spot\u0159eby uvedlo tchajwansk\u00e9 Ministerstvo zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, \u017ee by m\u011blo b\u00fdt zlikvidov\u00e1no p\u0159es 54 milion\u016f vajec z dovozu. Vejce byla dovezena v r\u00e1mci vl\u00e1dn\u00edho programu na dovoz 145 milion\u016f vajec. Program trval od b\u0159ezna do \u010dervence 2023 kv\u016fli celost\u00e1tn\u00edmu nedostatku zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu vypuknut\u00edm pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky. 54 milion\u016f dovezen\u00fdch vajec v hodnot\u011b 200 milion\u016f tchajwansk\u00fdch dolar\u016f bude zni\u010deno, proto\u017ee datum spot\u0159eby vypr\u0161elo kv\u016fli prodlou\u017een\u00e9mu skladov\u00e1n\u00ed po stabilizaci dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkce vajec. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh v\u0161ak odhaluje hlub\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s politikou potravinov\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, maj\u00edc\u00ed za n\u00e1sledek z\u00e1vislost Tchaj-wanu na dov\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch produktech.<\/p>
Tchajwansk\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky potravin a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f siln\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm dovozu. Dom\u00e1c\u00ed potravinov\u00e1 dostate\u010dnost poklesla z 56 procent v roce 1986 na 31 procent v roce 2021<\/a>, co\u017e je zp\u016fsobeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vysokou hustotou obyvatelstva a nedostate\u010dnou produkc\u00ed potravin. \u00dabytek pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly v d\u016fsledku st\u00e1rnut\u00ed populace a pomalej\u0161\u00ed r\u016fst zam\u011bstnanosti v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s celkov\u00fdm r\u016fstem pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly jsou jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 faktory. Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed se Tchaj-wan zam\u011b\u0159oval p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd rozvoj a sektor slu\u017eeb, co\u017e vedlo ke zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed plochy orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy. V d\u016fsledku toho je skute\u010dn\u00e1 produkce zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy na Tchaj-wanu pouze 520 000 hektar\u016f, co\u017e je mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e stanovilo Ministerstvo vnitra jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed c\u00edl. Ten je mezi 740 000 \u2013 810 000 hektary pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi k udr\u017een\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edho z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami. V roce 2022 tedy slu\u017eby tvo\u0159ily 60 procent HDP, p\u0159\u00edjmy z pr\u016fmyslu p\u0159edstavovaly 37,8 procenta produktu HDP, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tchajwansk\u00fd polovodi\u010dov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl p\u0159isp\u00edval 12,64 procenta k re\u00e1ln\u00e9mu HDP v roce 2022<\/a>, zat\u00edmco zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd sektor \u010dinil pouze 1,4 procenta HDP<\/a>. Tchaj-wan se tedy spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na dovoz potravin z n\u011bkolika zem\u00ed, je \u0161est\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvozn\u00edm trhem<\/a> pro americk\u00e9 potravinov\u00e9 a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkty a jako \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00fd obchodn\u00ed partner EU na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/a> je Tchaj-wan tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm trhem pro tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, potraviny a n\u00e1poje z EU. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed partnery pat\u0159\u00ed Austr\u00e1lie, \u010c\u00edna, Japonsko, Thajsko, Malajsie a Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land, a to i p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy<\/a> Tchaj-wanu o dov\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produktech.<\/p> Krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn \u010del\u00ed tchajwansk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed ekologick\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m jako jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy umocn\u011bn\u00e9 zm\u011bnou klimatu, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed konkurence nebo povaha zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu na Tchaj-wanu, kter\u00fd je tvo\u0159en p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b drobn\u00fdmi farm\u00e1\u0159i. Aby se Rada pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (COA) vypo\u0159\u00e1dala s t\u011bmito v\u00fdzvami, zavedla Program inteligentn\u00edho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/a> (Smart Agriculture in Taiwan) na obdob\u00ed 2017\u20132022. Program zahrnuje dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed strategie, Inteligentn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu a Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby. Tchaj-wan z\u0159\u00eddil digit\u00e1ln\u00ed datab\u00e1ze pro u\u017e\u0161\u00ed kontrolu zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch oblast\u00ed, mno\u017estv\u00ed, distribuce, dovozu, z\u00e1sob a cen za \u00fa\u010delem pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed nab\u00eddky a popt\u00e1vky s c\u00edlem stabilizovat nab\u00eddku potravin.<\/p> Struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed a environment\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny nejsou jedin\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed dopad na potravinovou bezpe\u010dnost Tchaj-wanu. V roce 2018 se 40 procent zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f v\u016fbec nedostalo na spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 trhy kv\u016fli nadprodukci, kter\u00e1 p\u0159evy\u0161ovala m\u00edru popt\u00e1vky a skladovac\u00ed kapacity. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnit z\u00e1vislost na dov\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch produktech. Tchaj-wan je jako ostrovn\u00ed st\u00e1t zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00fd v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedostatku potravin, a proto jsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 strategie zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin nezbytnou podm\u00ednkou zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 politiky pro stabilizaci dod\u00e1vek potravin, aby se tak zv\u00fd\u0161ila odolnost v\u016f\u010di glob\u00e1ln\u00edm kriz\u00edm a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm hrozb\u00e1m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" What is going on? Following the controversies over mixing and mislabelling of imported eggs the Ministry of Agriculture ordered to dispose of some 54 million. The eggs were imported as a result of the government program launched to import 145 million eggs from March and July of 2023 due to a nationwide shortage caused by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":35705,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[538],"class_list":["post-35704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-olimpia-kot"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00a0<\/h2>
Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2>