{"id":34795,"date":"2023-10-17T14:17:49","date_gmt":"2023-10-17T12:17:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/?p=34795"},"modified":"2024-03-11T15:38:38","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T13:38:38","slug":"the-miracle-and-politics-of-taiwanese-identity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/the-miracle-and-politics-of-taiwanese-identity\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1zrak a politika tchajwansk\u00e9 identity"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co se d\u011bje?<\/h2>

B\u00fdval\u00fd tchajwansk\u00fd prezident Ma Jing-\u0165iou (\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d) ze strany Kuomintang (KMT) bojkotoval oslavy St\u00e1tn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku zem\u011b. Kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9 se starosta m\u011bsta Tchaj-pej, \u0164iang Wan-an (\u8523\u842c\u5b89), tak\u00e9 ze strany KMT, stal druh\u00fdm vysoce postaven\u00fdm politikem, kter\u00fd ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee se oslav nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed. Oba jako hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvod sv\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed uvedli rozhodnut\u00ed tchajwansk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed Demokratick\u00e9 Progresivn\u00ed Strany (DPP), \u017ee ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zev Tchaj-wanu v logu akce bude vynech\u00e1n. V\u00fdsledky ned\u00e1vn\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed<\/a>, kter\u00fd provedla spole\u010dnost Global Views, sou\u010dasn\u011b ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee na Tchaj-wanu roste po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed status quo<\/strong> p\u0159ed nez\u00e1vislost\u00ed, zat\u00edmco po\u010det lid\u00ed ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch se Tchajwance kles\u00e1.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

Jak\u00e9 jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti?<\/h2>

Oslavy 10. \u0159\u00edjna, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako “Den dvojit\u00fdch des\u00edtek “, p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tek Sinchajsk\u00e9 revoluce z roku 1911, kter\u00e1 vedla k zalo\u017een\u00ed \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 republiky (ROC). Nahrazen\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1zvu tak vyvolalo silnou kritiku v \u0159ad\u00e1ch KMT. B\u00fdval\u00fd prezident Ma <\/strong>obvinil<\/strong><\/a> vl\u00e1du DPP<\/strong>, \u017ee ohro\u017euje tchajwansk\u00fd lid a status quo v\u00a0tchajwansk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu a naru\u0161uje bezpe\u010dnost Tchaj-wanu. Ma prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee tento krok nen\u00ed v souladu s\u00a0\u00fastavou, kter\u00e1 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010c\u00ednskou republiku. B\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta podpo\u0159il prezidentsk\u00fd kandid\u00e1t KMT Chou Jou-i (\u4faf\u53cb\u5b9c), kter\u00fd p\u0159irovnal \u00fastavu \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 republiky ke ko\u0159en\u016fm<\/a> ROC. Ma se nakonec z\u00fa\u010dastnil slavnostn\u00edho vzty\u010den\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed vlajky<\/a> ke St\u00e1tn\u00edmu sv\u00e1tku zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1dala KMT.<\/p>

Tato siln\u00e1 kritika se shoduje se zpr\u00e1vou<\/a> Global Views, podle n\u00ed\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 60 % Tchajwanc\u016f podporuje zachov\u00e1n\u00ed statusu quo v tchajwansk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu, zat\u00edmco nez\u00e1vislost Tchaj-wanu podporuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 25 %. Stranick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost b\u00fdv\u00e1 hlavn\u00edm ukazatelem n\u00e1zoru Tchajwanc\u016f na vztahy mezi ostrovem a pevninou.<\/strong> Nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inu p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f nez\u00e1vislosti Tchaj-wanu (p\u0159es 46 %) tvo\u0159\u00ed voli\u010di DPP, zat\u00edmco 7,5 % se hl\u00e1s\u00ed ke KMT.<\/p>

Podobn\u00fd vztah se objevuje i v souvislosti s n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitou. Konec stann\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 politick\u00e1 demokratizace a regionalizace, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala v 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, vedly k o\u017eiven\u00ed z\u00e1jmu a k “z\u00e1zraku<\/a>” vzestupu tchajwansk\u00e9 identity. B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed desetilet\u00ed se procento obyvatelstva, kter\u00e9 se identifikuje jako “pouze tchajwansk\u00e9”, posunulo z men\u0161iny na v\u011bt\u0161inu, zat\u00edmco identita “pouze \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1” dramaticky poklesla. Zna\u010dn\u00e9 procento obyvatel si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 jak tchajwanskou, tak \u010d\u00ednskou <\/strong>identitu<\/strong><\/a>. Po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed DPP ve volb\u00e1ch v roce 2016 byl v letech 2017 a 2021 p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b zaznamen\u00e1n pokles po\u010dtu osob, kte\u0159\u00ed se identifikuj\u00ed jako Tchajwanci.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2>

Politick\u00e1, kulturn\u00ed a osobn\u00ed identita je dnes pro tchajwansk\u00e9 voli\u010de v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. V\u00fdsledky pr\u016fzkumu ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee preference ohledn\u011b budoucnosti vztah\u016f mezi st\u00e1ty pr\u016flivu<\/strong> a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity<\/strong> se pohybuj\u00ed v linii podpory jednotliv\u00fdch politick\u00fdch stran. Pod\u00edl osob, kter\u00e9 se identifikuj\u00ed jako Tchajwanci, je tak bezprecedentn\u011b<\/a> spojen s v\u00fdsledky Demokratick\u00e9 Progresivn\u00ed Strany, nebo\u0165 respondenti p\u0159ikl\u00e1daj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam tradi\u010dn\u00edm determinant\u016fm n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity, jako je genera\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bna, vojensk\u00e1 hrozba a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdost. V d\u016fsledku toho by \u0161patn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed strany, zejm\u00e9na v dom\u00e1c\u00ed politice, tla\u010dily voli\u010de ke zm\u011bn\u011b identity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is going on? Taiwan\u2019s former President Ma Ying-jeou (\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d) of the Kuomintang party (KMT) boycotted National Day celebrations. Soon after, KMT Taipei City mayor Chiang Wan-an (\u8523\u842c\u5b89) became the second high-profile politician to announce his absence during the event. Both cited the decision by Taiwan\u2019s ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) to omit the official […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":34797,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500],"tags":[538],"class_list":["post-34795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-olimpia-kot"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Miracle and Politics of Taiwanese Identity - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/the-miracle-and-politics-of-taiwanese-identity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Miracle and Politics of Taiwanese Identity - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is going on? Taiwan\u2019s former President Ma Ying-jeou (\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d) of the Kuomintang party (KMT) boycotted National Day celebrations. Soon after, KMT Taipei City mayor Chiang Wan-an (\u8523\u842c\u5b89) became the second high-profile politician to announce his absence during the event. 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Taiwan\u2019s former President Ma Ying-jeou (\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d) of the Kuomintang party (KMT) boycotted National Day celebrations. Soon after, KMT Taipei City mayor Chiang Wan-an (\u8523\u842c\u5b89) became the second high-profile politician to announce his absence during the event. 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