{"id":3460,"date":"2017-01-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-01-16T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/velka-cinska-ofenziva\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:31:17","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:31:17","slug":"velka-cinska-ofenziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/velka-cinska-ofenziva\/","title":{"rendered":"Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 ofenz\u00edva"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Za posledn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i desetilet\u00ed urazila \u010c\u00edna velk\u00fd kus cesty a stala se ekonomickou velmoc\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 proto se st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l dominantn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm akt\u00e9rem \u2013 ekonomick\u00fdm i politick\u00fdm &#8211; v\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Jej\u00ed expanzi skrze r\u016fzn\u00e9 instituce m\u016f\u017eeme ch\u00e1pat jako snahu zm\u011bnit sou\u010dasn\u00fd sv\u011btov\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, ale tak\u00e9 jako p\u0159evzet\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za jeho kondici. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost je patrn\u00e1 v\u00a0mnoha koutech sv\u011bta. Lze ji pozorovat i v\u00a0regionu st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy a tak\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Tento koment\u00e1\u0159 vych\u00e1z\u00ed z <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.evropskehodnoty.cz\/vyzkum\/cinska-investicni-rozvojova-politika\/\">rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edho odborn\u00e9ho podkladu na stejn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma<\/a><\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Snaha o zm\u011bnu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du nebo jen pos\u00edlen\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00fdsledek 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky vedl k\u00a0takov\u00e9mu rozlo\u017een\u00ed politick\u00fdch sil mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politice, kter\u00e9 velmi omezilo vliv \u201e\u0158\u00ed\u0161e st\u0159edu\u201cv\u00a0nov\u011b vznikl\u00fdch brettonwoodsk\u00fdch instituc\u00edch. Ve Sv\u011btov\u00e9 bance a Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011bnov\u00e9m fondu p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na \u010c\u00ednu men\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl hlas\u016f, ne\u017e jak\u00fdm disponuje Japonsko a v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e maj\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. V\u00a0tomto ohledu se zd\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u017ee zdr\u00e1havost z\u00e1padn\u00edho sv\u011bta uznat rostouc\u00ed vliv \u010c\u00edny a nab\u00eddnout j\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozici v\u00a0t\u011bchto instituc\u00edch jen povzbuzuje \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 snahy o ofenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I proto se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, \u017ee se \u010c\u00edna sna\u017e\u00ed zalo\u017eit syst\u00e9m ekonomick\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed, tedy posilov\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic, kter\u00e9 by sp\u00ed\u0161e odpov\u00eddalo jej\u00ed velikosti a z\u00e1jm\u016fm. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed Asijsk\u00e9 infrastrukturn\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed banky (AIIB) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako protiv\u00e1ha Asijsk\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 bance a dokonce jako pokus o zm\u011bnu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 by v\u011brn\u011bji odr\u00e1\u017eel velmocensk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed \u010c\u00edny. V\u00a0AIIB \u00a0toti\u017e \u010c\u00edna zauj\u00edm\u00e1 dominantn\u00ed postaven\u00ed: kontroluje 26 % hlas\u016f a v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo veta. I kdy\u017e mnoho \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU k\u00a0AIIB p\u0159istoupilo, jejich s\u00edla je limitov\u00e1na. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Japonsko se projektu v\u016fbec ne\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">K\u00a0ambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politice vedou \u010c\u00ednu tak\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed okolnosti. V\u00a0souladu s\u00a0\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy je rozhodnut\u00ed zvolen\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa odstoupit od Transpacifick\u00e9ho partnerstv\u00ed (TPP). Nelze vylou\u010dit, \u017ee st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed TPP, te\u010f budou spol\u00e9hat na podobnou inciativu pod veden\u00edm \u010c\u00edny \u2013 Region\u00e1ln\u00ed komplexn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed s\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomickou silou ne\u017e v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b TPP.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 aktivity m\u016f\u017eeme nahl\u00ed\u017eet i jinou optikou: \u010c\u00edna profituje z\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd byl vytvo\u0159en Z\u00e1padem a zapojen\u00edm se do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch ekonomick\u00fdch a finan\u010dn\u00edch struktur byla schopn\u00e1 nastartovat svoje hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, doc\u00edlit statusu velmoci a demonstrovat ochotu akceptovat v\u0161eobecn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9 normy. \u010c\u00edna p\u0159irozen\u011b i nad\u00e1le pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0tomuto syst\u00e9mu zalo\u017een\u00e9mu na instituc\u00edch a jasn\u00fdch pravidlech, kter\u00fd j\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje ochranu a garance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Proto na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 aktivity m\u016f\u017eeme nahl\u00ed\u017eet jako na snahu p\u0159evz\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost a p\u0159isp\u011bt k\u00a0existuj\u00edc\u00edmu \u0159\u00e1du, nikoliv jako na snahu ho zm\u011bnit \u010di oh\u00fdbat a zav\u00e9st vlastn\u00ed pravidla Tento p\u0159\u00edstup je tak\u00e9 ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed politikou \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, kter\u00e1 klade d\u016fraz na demonstraci v\u016fle p\u0159evz\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnost v\u00a0budov\u00e1n\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9ho rozvoje v\u00a0Asii a ve zbytku sv\u011bta. Z\u00e1klad tohoto argumentu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0politice \u010c\u00edny v\u00a0oblasti ekonomick\u00e9ho rozvoje, obchodu a investic. Tato politika se toti\u017e jasn\u011b hl\u00e1s\u00ed k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmu rozvoji na b\u00e1zi tr\u017en\u011b-ekonomick\u00fdch princip\u016f \u2013 otev\u0159enost sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky a boj proti protekcionismu. Podle \u010c\u00edny je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 integrace pomoc\u00ed multilater\u00e1ln\u00edch (mnohostrann\u00fdch) instituc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>St\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropa jako most mezi \u010c\u00ednou a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropou<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Str\u00e1nky novin zapl\u0148uj\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch tak\u00e9 v\u00a0regionu st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm informace o ekonomick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci \u0161estn\u00e1cti zem\u00ed regionu a \u010c\u00edny. Tato platforma (16+1) napomohla \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm investic\u00edm do dopravy, telekomunikac\u00ed nebo energetiky. M\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 slou\u017eit jako most mezi \u010c\u00ednou a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropou. Evropsk\u00e9 firmy mohou t\u011b\u017eit ze spolupr\u00e1ce na r\u016fzn\u00fdch projektech, jak\u00fdm je nap\u0159. novodob\u00e1 Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka \u2013 \u201eOne Belt, One Road\u201c (OBOR) \u2013 kterou by m\u011bla financovat AIIB.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Projekt slibuje pos\u00edlen\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9ho r\u016fstu a integrace a je v\u00a0duchu vlastn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f EU \u2013 pos\u00edlit propojenost mezi regiony a sn\u00ed\u017eit p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod. Nelze v\u0161ak opomenout celou \u0159adu politicko-bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch rizik pro kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed akt\u00e9ry. Sama Unie si mus\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zku, jestli je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, aby spolupracovala s\u00a0firmami p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdmi \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem. Obecn\u011b by EU m\u011bla v\u011bnovat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pak nal\u00e9zt spole\u010dn\u00fd postoj k\u00a0projektu OBOR na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f a rizik.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u010cR jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd partner v regionu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu uplynuly dva roky od doby, kdy se prezident Zeman vr\u00e1til z\u00a0n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy \u010c\u00edny a ohla\u0161oval vlnu velk\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch investic v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0\u0161estou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soukromou \u010d\u00ednskou firmou CEFC (kter\u00e1 je napojena na \u010c\u00ednskou komunistickou stranu), Praha se m\u011bla st\u00e1t s\u00eddlem pro jej\u00ed evropskou expanzi. P\u0159i kritick\u00e9m zhodnocen\u00ed dosavadn\u00edch investic ale vid\u00edme hlavn\u011b akvizice. CEFC koupila budovu b\u00fdval\u00e9 \u017divnostensk\u00e9 banky a pod\u00edly ve fotbalov\u00e9 Slavii, leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Travel Service, pivovaru Lobkowicz nebo medi\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch M\u00e9dea Group a Empresa Media. Jako skute\u010dnou investici a nikoliv pouze statusov\u00fd symbol m\u016f\u017eeme posuzovat stroj\u00edrnu \u017d\u010fas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed vlna investic, ozn\u00e1men\u00e1 letos p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho prezidenta v\u00a0Praze, je velice v\u00e1gn\u00ed a p\u016fsob\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako p\u0159\u00edsliby, \u017ee se strany je\u0161t\u011b dohodnou. Jedn\u00e1 se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b o r\u00e1mcov\u00e9 dohody, dohody o strategick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci a memoranda o porozum\u011bn\u00ed. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm obchodem m\u011bl b\u00fdt vstup CEFC do J&amp;T Finance Group s\u00a0pod\u00edlem 51 %, co\u017e by znamenalo skute\u010dnou investici v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1du des\u00edtek miliard korun. Nyn\u00ed je pod\u00edl CEFC \u00a0jen 10 % a o nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed firma je\u0161t\u011b ani nepo\u017e\u00e1dala p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 regul\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0relativn\u00edch \u010d\u00edslech jsou nav\u00edc \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 investice zanedbateln\u00e9. I kdybychom zapo\u010detli p\u0159isl\u00edben\u00fdch 100 miliard korun za leto\u0161n\u00ed rok, tak budou dosahovat 3,5 % celkov\u00e9ho objemu, co\u017e je srovnateln\u00e9 s\u00a0investicemi z\u00a0Kypru nebo Belgie. Nad\u00e1le plat\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0\u010cR nejv\u00edce investuj\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9, Nizozemci nebo N\u011bmci. Celkov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek tedy o v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch investic\u00edch skute\u010dn\u011b nevypov\u00edd\u00e1 \u2013 v\u00a0celkov\u00e9m objemu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic jsou margin\u00e1ln\u00ed, pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a v\u00fdhled do budoucna je nejist\u00fd. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee serviln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup \u010desk\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f v\u016f\u010di \u010c\u00edn\u011b nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed slib\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Filip Klazar<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Spolupracovn\u00edk Analytick\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu think-tanku E<\/em><em>vropsk\u00e9 hodnoty<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Za posledn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i desetilet\u00ed urazila \u010c\u00edna velk\u00fd kus cesty a stala se ekonomickou velmoc\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 proto se st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l dominantn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm akt\u00e9rem \u2013 ekonomick\u00fdm i politick\u00fdm &#8211; v\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Jej\u00ed expanzi skrze r\u016fzn\u00e9 instituce m\u016f\u017eeme ch\u00e1pat jako snahu zm\u011bnit sou\u010dasn\u00fd sv\u011btov\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, ale tak\u00e9 jako p\u0159evzet\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za jeho kondici. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost je [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[461],"tags":[304],"class_list":["post-3460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-releases","tag-filip-klazar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 ofenz\u00edva - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/velka-cinska-ofenziva\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 ofenz\u00edva - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Za posledn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i desetilet\u00ed urazila \u010c\u00edna velk\u00fd kus cesty a stala se ekonomickou velmoc\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 proto se st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l dominantn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm akt\u00e9rem \u2013 ekonomick\u00fdm i politick\u00fdm &#8211; v\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Jej\u00ed expanzi skrze r\u016fzn\u00e9 instituce m\u016f\u017eeme ch\u00e1pat jako snahu zm\u011bnit sou\u010dasn\u00fd sv\u011btov\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, ale tak\u00e9 jako p\u0159evzet\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za jeho kondici. 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