{"id":3273,"date":"2016-03-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-09T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/erdoganovo-nove-turecko-je-pro-eu-moralni-vyzvou\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:10:47","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:10:47","slug":"erdoganovo-nove-turecko-je-pro-eu-moralni-vyzvou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/erdoganovo-nove-turecko-je-pro-eu-moralni-vyzvou\/","title":{"rendered":"Erdo\u011fanovo \u201enov\u00e9 Turecko\u201c je pro EU mor\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzvou"},"content":{"rendered":"

Evropsk\u00e1 unie si za\u00a0t\u0159i miliardy eur od Turecka koupila\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed p\u0159evad\u011b\u010dstv\u00ed a po\u010dtu migrant\u016f. Re\u017eim prezidenta\u00a0Erdo\u011fana se ale\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u011b odklonil\u00a0od toho, jak si p\u0159edstavujeme kandid\u00e1tskou zemi – m\u011bli bychom se za\u010d\u00edt zab\u00fdvat t\u00edm, jestli lze Turecko nad\u00e1le pova\u017eovat za spojence.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0r\u00e1mci snahy \u0159e\u0161it vlnu migrace do Evropy se Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) v listopadu 2015 dohodla<\/a> s\u00a0Tureckem na tom, \u017ee Ankara v\u00fdznamn\u011b omez\u00ed p\u0159evad\u011b\u010dstv\u00ed a po\u010det migrant\u016f sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch do Unie v\u00fdm\u011bnou za (prozat\u00edm) t\u0159i miliardy eur na zlep\u0161en\u00ed situace uprchl\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0zemi. D\u00e1le byla Turecku p\u0159isl\u00edbena d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00edzov\u00e1 liberalizace a tak\u00e9 pokrok v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch, av\u0161ak pod podm\u00ednkou, \u017ee Ankara bude sv\u016fj \u00fakol \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b plnit. Ot\u00e1zkou snad ani nen\u00ed objem financ\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bude Turecko dlouhodob\u011b po\u017eadovat za svoji \u00falohu v\u00a0rod\u00edc\u00edm se pl\u00e1nu EU. Koneckonc\u016f miliony migrant\u016f a uprchl\u00edk\u016f<\/a> host\u00ed za vysok\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1klady u\u017e p\u00e1r let. M\u011bli bychom se v\u0161ak za\u010d\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zab\u00fdvat t\u00edm, jestli lze Turecko prezidenta Erdo\u011fana nad\u00e1le pova\u017eovat za spojence s\u00a0obdobn\u00fdmi hodnotami a prioritami. Zda se jeho re\u017eim ji\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011b neodklonil od toho, jak si p\u0159edstavujeme kandid\u00e1tskou zemi na \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0EU; a kone\u010dn\u011b nakolik je handl o \u201en\u00e1kupu\u201c extern\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed migra\u010dn\u00ed krize re\u00e1ln\u00fd a pro EU mor\u00e1ln\u011b ospravedlniteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Erdo\u011fanova hojn\u011b diskutovan\u00e1 pohr\u016f\u017eka<\/a>, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee jednodu\u0161e nechat uprchl\u00edky a migranty ze zem\u011b voln\u011b vycestovat, je projevem jeho sil\u00e1ck\u00e9ho stylu vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fdm byl a je schopn\u00fd nejen zastra\u0161ovat oponenty, ale tak\u00e9 imponovat mnoha Turk\u016fm. Tak\u00e9 takto \u017eiv\u00ed<\/a> a z\u00e1rove\u0148 politicky kapitalizuje<\/a> na rostouc\u00edm nacionalistick\u00e9m sentimentu v\u00a0zemi, kter\u00fd v\u00a0p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch v\u00a0listopadu minul\u00e9ho roku pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dopomohl jeho stran\u011b AKP obnovit<\/a> jasnou v\u011bt\u0161inu v\u00a0parlamentu. Ta byla oslabena v\u00a0\u010dervnov\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch, do velk\u00e9 m\u00edry i \u00fasp\u011bchem p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b prokurdsk\u00e9 strany HDP, je\u017e p\u0159ekonala 10% volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1h a n\u00e1rokovala si parlamentn\u00ed k\u0159esla, kter\u00e1 by jinak propadla p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve prosp\u011bch AKP. P\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 volby tak zd\u00e1nliv\u011b ukon\u010dily obdob\u00ed nestability, kdy ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o sestaven\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed koalice doprov\u00e1zelo prohlouben\u00ed polarizace spole\u010dnosti a ideologicky a n\u00e1rodnostn\u011b motivovan\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Politick\u00e1 situace v\u00a0Turecku se za\u010dala vyost\u0159ovat po t\u0159et\u00edm volebn\u00edm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed AKP v\u00a0roce 2011. Erdo\u011fan a jeho strana z\u00edskali na sebev\u011bdom\u00ed i odhodlanosti protla\u010dit z\u00e1sadn\u00ed politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny. I vn\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edch opozi\u010dn\u00edch skupin za\u010daly r\u016fst obavy z\u00a0toho, \u017ee koncentrace moci kolem Erdo\u011fana zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed tlak na opozici a nepohodln\u00e9, a tak\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobnost realizace jeho rostouc\u00edch mocensk\u00fdch<\/a> a n\u00e1rodotvorn\u00fdch ambic\u00ed. Rozsah, s\u00edla a vzdor protivl\u00e1dn\u00edch demonstrac\u00ed<\/a> v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 2013 daly kritik\u016fm vl\u00e1dy nad\u011bji, \u017ee je\u0161t\u011b lze d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0zemi demokraticky zvr\u00e1tit. Ta se ale rychle rozplynula. Reakce Erdo\u011fanova re\u017eimu byla svi\u017en\u00e1 a nel\u00edtostn\u00e1. Po n\u00e1siln\u00e9m z\u00e1sahu<\/a> policie v\u016f\u010di demonstrant\u016fm a jejich sympatizant\u016fm za\u010dalo obdob\u00ed odplaty za neloaj\u00e1lnost a nespokojenost, kter\u00e9 v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b trv\u00e1 dodnes. N\u00e1sledn\u00fd r\u016fst policejn\u00edho st\u00e1tu nabral na obr\u00e1tk\u00e1ch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o p\u016fl roku pozd\u011bji po rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 protikorup\u010dn\u00ed akci<\/a> (\u010d\u00e1sti) policie<\/a> a justice<\/a> a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed nahr\u00e1vek<\/a> vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch o korupci \u010d\u00e1sti veden\u00ed zem\u011b. N\u00e1sledovaly dal\u0161\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 k\u00e1drov\u00e9 \u010distky<\/a> a harmonizace<\/a> politick\u00e9ho sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d cel\u00fdm st\u00e1tn\u00edm apar\u00e1tem. Nelze tak\u00e9 nezm\u00ednit podez\u0159en\u00ed z\u00a0manipulace<\/a> a \u201epozoruhodn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti<\/a>\u201c p\u0159ed a v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu troj\u00edch voleb, kter\u00e9 se od t\u00e9 doby konaly, ani \u0159adu incident\u016f<\/a> a ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed<\/a>, na n\u011b\u017e tureck\u00e1 vl\u00e1da dnes ji\u017e standardn\u011b reaguje vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm informa\u010dn\u00edho embarga.<\/p>\n

Opat\u0159en\u00ed, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je p\u0159edej\u00edt nov\u00fdm protivl\u00e1dn\u00edm demonstrac\u00edm, neloaj\u00e1ln\u00edm lidem ve vedouc\u00edch pozic\u00edch a vlastn\u011b jak\u00e9koli podlo\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kritice veden\u00ed zem\u011b, ji\u017e nelze jednodu\u0161e shrnout. Nutn\u00e9 je zm\u00ednit, \u017ee maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit Erdo\u011fan\u016fv pseudo-osmansk\u00fd<\/a> projekt budov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201enov\u00e9ho Turecka<\/a>\u201c, ve kter\u00e9m se jeho rukou vl\u00e1dy symbolicky chop\u00ed konzervativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a evropeizaci mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b naklon\u011bn\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina spole\u010dnosti \u2013 nov\u00fd, post-kemalistick\u00fd<\/a> tureck\u00fd n\u00e1rod. Dlouhodob\u00e1 a zost\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se perzekuce protivl\u00e1dn\u00edch aktivist\u016f, \u010d\u00e1sti opozice i kritick\u00fdch osob<\/a> a m\u00e9di\u00ed<\/a> (jen p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dny vl\u00e1da p\u0159evzala<\/a> kontrolu nad nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm den\u00edkem Zaman<\/em><\/a>) poukazuj\u00edc\u00ed na instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed flexibilitu v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho term\u00ednu \u201eterorismus\u201c m\u00e1 na tureckou spole\u010dnost velmi neblah\u00fd vliv. Zahltila ji z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b dm\u00fdchan\u00e1 komplexn\u00ed polarizace a atmosf\u00e9ra nesvobody, ned\u016fv\u011bry, sebecenzury, strachu a paranoie<\/a>. Vzhledem k dne\u0161n\u00ed\u00a0faktick\u00e9 absenci nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch zdroj\u016f informac\u00ed, vysok\u00e9mu po\u010dtu uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00fdch a st\u00edhan\u00fdch novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, cenzu\u0159e internetu a \u010dast\u00e9mu blokov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00edm nelze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat plnou funk\u010dnost demokratick\u00fdch cest, jak \u201epotrestat\u201c vl\u00e1dn\u00ed stranu za jej\u00ed \u010dinnost. Spolehlivost Turecka jako hlavn\u00edho partnera p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed migra\u010dn\u00ed krize je tak sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a0rukou prezidenta a (jeho) vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee z\u00a0pohledu Z\u00e1padu je stabilita Turecka jako jedin\u00e9ho a strategicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho spojence v\u00a0krizemi zm\u00edtan\u00e9m regionu d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed dekonstrukce z\u00e1padn\u00edho stylu vl\u00e1dy a demokracie v\u00a0zemi. Erdo\u011fan m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00a0ruce \u017eol\u00edka, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee od Unie vym\u00e1hat \u00fastupky. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed tedy asi bude v\u00fdhodnost spolupr\u00e1ce, kterou zem\u011b EU Turecku nab\u00eddnou. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee Erdo\u011fan d\u00edky sv\u00fdm mocensk\u00fdm a velmocensk\u00fdm ambic\u00edm st\u00e1t nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed perspektiv\u011b m\u00e1 dilema spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0Erdo\u011fanov\u00fdm Tureckem je\u0161t\u011b trp\u010d\u00ed dimenzi. Objevila se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 na\u0159\u010den\u00ed na adresu tureck\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy ve spojitosti s\u00a0eskalac\u00ed jej\u00ed konfrontace<\/a> s\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00edm kurdsk\u00fdm obyvatelstvem i prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u201ebezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi operacemi<\/a>\u201c na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b a tak\u00e9 spekulace o skute\u010dn\u00e9 (ne)\u010dinnosti<\/a> a c\u00edlech<\/a> Turecka v\u00a0mnohostrann\u00e9 syrsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. I kdy\u017e je pro mo\u017enou nepodlo\u017eenost pomineme, je ospravedlniteln\u00e9, aby EU d\u011blala \u00fastupky Turecku, kter\u00e9 u\u017e nen\u00ed problematickou demokraci\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e nastupuj\u00edc\u00edm autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem? \u017de m\u00e1 sebev\u011bdom\u00fd Erdo\u011fan v\u00a0citliv\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce migrace navrch, nazna\u010dil prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd odklad zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed kritick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o pokroku Evropsk\u00e9 komise na dobu po listopadov\u00fdch p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch, v nich\u017e se AKP znovu pln\u011b chopila<\/a> moci. Nelze tedy vylou\u010dit, \u017ee v\u00a0r\u00e1mci pob\u00eddek k\u00a0ochot\u011b Turecka \u00fa\u010dastnit se pro EU nejm\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed migra\u010dn\u00ed krize by Unie mohla \u2013 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi uchaze\u010di o \u010dlenstv\u00ed a spolupr\u00e1ci \u2013 jednat m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b. Do\u0161lo by tak na selektivn\u00ed uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a vym\u00e1han\u00ed hodnot, na nich\u017e je postavena. Zpochybn\u011bn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00e9 identity a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011brohodnosti EU m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky uvnit\u0159 a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vn\u011b Unie. Mohlo by doj\u00edt k\u00a0podkop\u00e1n\u00ed atraktivity a podm\u00edn\u011bnosti asocia\u010dn\u00edch i p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch proces\u016f a tak\u00e9 v\u00e1hy a soft power<\/em> EU ve sv\u011bt\u011b. V\u00a0nejhor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by mohla mo\u017en\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edmo, ale v\u011bdom\u011b napomoci formalizaci a prohlubov\u00e1n\u00ed autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v\u00a0Turecku a paradoxn\u011b tak\u00e9 postupn\u00e9mu uml\u010den\u00ed \u010di odchodu zast\u00e1nc\u016f evropsk\u00fdch hodnot.<\/p>\n

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Pavel Sender\u00e1k<\/a><\/strong> p\u016fsob\u00ed v Analytick\u00e9m t\u00fdmu think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evropsk\u00e1 unie si za\u00a0t\u0159i miliardy eur od Turecka koupila\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed p\u0159evad\u011b\u010dstv\u00ed a po\u010dtu migrant\u016f. Re\u017eim prezidenta\u00a0Erdo\u011fana se ale\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u011b odklonil\u00a0od toho, jak si p\u0159edstavujeme kandid\u00e1tskou zemi – m\u011bli bychom se za\u010d\u00edt zab\u00fdvat t\u00edm, jestli lze Turecko nad\u00e1le pova\u017eovat za spojence.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-releases"],"yoast_head":"\nErdo\u011fanovo \u201enov\u00e9 Turecko\u201c je pro EU mor\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzvou - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/erdoganovo-nove-turecko-je-pro-eu-moralni-vyzvou\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Erdo\u011fanovo \u201enov\u00e9 Turecko\u201c je pro EU mor\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzvou - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Evropsk\u00e1 unie si za\u00a0t\u0159i miliardy eur od Turecka koupila\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed p\u0159evad\u011b\u010dstv\u00ed a po\u010dtu migrant\u016f. 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