{"id":3172,"date":"2015-04-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-04-29T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:20:33","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:20:33","slug":"jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila\/","title":{"rendered":"Jednotn\u00e1 azylov\u00e1 politika by EU rozlo\u017eila"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prudk\u00e1 zm\u011bna by mohla znamenat rozpad<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek byl 29.4. vyd\u00e1n na port\u00e1lu Respekt.\u00a0<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

St\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji se objevuj\u00ed hlasy, \u017ee trag\u00e9di\u00edm ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i by se dalo\u00a0p\u0159edej\u00edt, kdyby EU jednala jednotn\u011b, nenech\u00e1vala zodpov\u011bdnost na p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch\u00a0st\u00e1tech jako je It\u00e1lie \u010di \u0158ecko a\u00a0rad\u011bji zavedla jednotn\u00fd evropsk\u00fd azyl. Ten dnes\u00a0neexistuje. M\u00e1me pouze harmonizovan\u00fd Spole\u010dn\u00fd evropsk\u00fd azylov\u00fd syst\u00e9m,\u00a0kter\u00fd stanovuje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed standardy pro v\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o\u00a0azyl.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u011bc v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00e1: o\u00a0azyl lze po\u017e\u00e1dat jen v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zemi EU a\u00a0to\u00a0v\u00a0t\u00e9 prvn\u00ed, na jej\u00ed\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed uprchl\u00edk doraz\u00ed. Migranti tedy nemohou o\u00a0azyl po\u017e\u00e1dat\u00a0v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed, nemohou si vybrat st\u00e1t EU, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e by ho cht\u011bli z\u00edskat, a\u00a0Evropsk\u00e1\u00a0komise nem\u016f\u017ee uprchl\u00edky libovoln\u011b rozmis\u0165ovat po EU.\u00a0To jist\u011b nen\u00ed\u00a0nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nejsolid\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0v\u016f\u010di migrant\u016fm nejvl\u00eddn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m, ale prudk\u00e1\u00a0zm\u011bna by mohla znamenat rozpad Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n

P\u0159enechat rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0ob\u010danech t\u0159et\u00edch zem\u00ed, detailech soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky \u010di\u00a0ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti na evropsk\u00e9 instituce by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 jen ve\u00a0funguj\u00edc\u00ed federaci, jej\u00ed\u017e ob\u010dany spojuje loajalita k\u00a0celku a\u00a0sd\u00edlen\u00e1 politick\u00e1\u00a0identita. A toho se n\u00e1m bohu\u017eel zat\u00edm nedost\u00e1v\u00e1. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho\u00a0politick\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda lze popostrkovat, ale je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt na v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9ho\u00a0ukvapen\u00e9ho kroku t\u00edmto sm\u011brem vyu\u017eij\u00ed protestn\u00ed a\u00a0extremistick\u00e9 strany.<\/p>\n

Nerozv\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 europeizace v\u00a0oblasti migrace a\u00a0azylu by byla p\u0159\u00edkladem.\u00a0Na p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed kompetence rozhodovat o\u00a0ud\u011blen\u00ed azylu, povolen\u00ed k\u00a0pobytu a\u00a0p\u0159emis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed uprchl\u00edk\u016f mezi st\u00e1ty do rukou Evropsk\u00e9 komise nedo\u010dkav\u011b \u010dekaj\u00ed\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b euroskeptick\u00e9, populistick\u00e9 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mistick\u00e9 strany. Bylo by to asi posledn\u00ed\u00a0rozhodnut\u00ed jednotn\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unie p\u0159ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm nacionalist\u016f ve volb\u00e1ch a\u00a0rozd\u011blen\u00ed Unie na men\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed celky.<\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1dy \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed jsou si toho v\u011bdomy, i\u00a0proto v\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich s\u00a0pos\u00edlen\u00edm role\u00a0Komise a\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch agentur nebude souhlasit a\u00a0podpo\u0159\u00ed jen d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed kroky\u00a0v\u00a0podob\u011b nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f na z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 operace ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed,\u00a0humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc \u010di policejn\u00ed z\u00e1sahy proti pa\u0161er\u00e1k\u016fm. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b se\u00a0odhodlaj\u00ed pom\u00e1hat ve velk\u00e9m a\u00a0na sv\u00e1 bedra vezmou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed uprchl\u00edk\u016f\u00a0jak ze t\u0159et\u00edch zem\u00ed, tak z\u00a0t\u011bch nejzat\u00ed\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00a0EU.\u00a0Ale zcela dobrovoln\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

A pro\u010d by pos\u00edlen\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed EU v\u00a0oblasti migrace a\u00a0azylu bylo jako voda na\u00a0ml\u00fdn v\u0161em euroskeptik\u016fm a\u00a0n\u00e1rodoveck\u00fdm populist\u016fm? Proto\u017ee Evropsk\u00e1\u00a0komise by velmi rychle sv\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed za\u010dala vyu\u017e\u00edvat a\u00a0nerozhodnost\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f by nahradila efektivn\u00edmi operacemi na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 plavby\u00a0b\u011b\u017eenc\u016f p\u0159es rozbou\u0159en\u00e9 vody St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e a\u00a0jejich distribuci do st\u00e1t\u016f,\u00a0kter\u00e9 na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch maj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b voln\u00e9 kapacity.<\/p>\n

Komise by jist\u011b realizovala i\u00a0pl\u00e1ny na vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed azylov\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo\u00a0v\u00a0severoafrick\u00fdch zem\u00edch, kde by z\u00e1jemci v\u00a0co nejd\u016fstojn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch\u00a0mohli \u017e\u00e1dat o\u00a0azyl \u010di povolen\u00ed k\u00a0pobytu z\u00a0humanit\u00e1rn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f ve st\u00e1tech EU.\u00a0A\u00a0tak\u00e9 by jist\u011b vyu\u017eila mo\u017enosti aktivn\u011b p\u0159erozd\u011blovat azylanty podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch kv\u00f3t\u00a0mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi a\u00a0p\u0159esidlovat je z\u00a0p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch t\u0159et\u00edch zem\u00ed, jako jsou Libanon,\u00a0Jord\u00e1nsko \u010di Turecko.<\/p>\n

To v\u0161e by vedlo k\u00a0nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu uprchl\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed by p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli na pozv\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 komise i\u00a0do zem\u00ed, jejich\u017e ob\u010dan\u00e9 nevykazuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 otev\u0159enosti v\u016f\u010di\u00a0cizinc\u016fm. A po\u010det t\u011bchto z\u00e1jemc\u016f o\u00a0cestu do Evropy by se zv\u00fd\u0161il zcela jist\u011b.\u00a0V\u00a0okol\u00ed Evropy je n\u011bkolik milion\u016f lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si p\u0159ej\u00ed do zem\u00ed EU dostat; jakmile by\u00a0jim to bylo umo\u017en\u011bno, na jejich m\u00edsta p\u0159ijdou miliony dal\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed z\u00a0chud\u00fdch a\u00a0v\u00e1lkami su\u017eovan\u00fdch m\u00edst v\u00a0Africe a\u00a0na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. U\u017e minul\u00fd rok se po\u010det\u00a0\u017eadatel\u016f o\u00a0azyl v\u00a0zem\u00edch EU zv\u00fd\u0161il t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o\u00a0polovinu oproti roku 2013\u00a0(na\u00a0626\u00a0000\u00a0ze\u00a0436\u00a0000).<\/p>\n

Ne, \u017ee by si evropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det humanit\u00e1rn\u00edch a\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdch migrant\u016f\u00a0nemohly finan\u010dn\u011b a\u00a0kapacitn\u011b dovolit, ale je zcela jist\u00e9, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jejich po\u010dtu \u2013 a\u00a0nav\u00edc z\u00a0rozhodnut\u00ed instituc\u00ed EU\u00a0– by vedlo k\u00a0odporu ve\u0159ejnosti, kter\u00fd by k\u00a0moci\u00a0vynesl politiky typu Marine Le Penov\u00e9, Gerta Wilderse \u010di Nigela Farage. P\u0159es\u00a0ochotu pom\u00e1hat lidem v\u00a0nouzi a\u00a0dobrou v\u016fli m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina Evropan\u016f\u00a0z\u00a0p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f a\u00a0uprchl\u00edk\u016f strach. Obavy o\u00a0pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta a\u00a0prost\u0159edky na\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00ed podporu se snoub\u00ed se strachem z\u00a0radikalizace mezi evropsk\u00fdmi muslimy.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt extr\u00e9mn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem: vykazuje v\u00a0pr\u016fzkumech\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed jednu z\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u00farovn\u00ed obav z\u00a0imigrace, uprchl\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0isl\u00e1mu.\u00a0A patrn\u011b si tak nelze p\u0159edstavit vl\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 by byla pro zaveden\u00ed jednotn\u00e9\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 azylov\u00e9 politiky, pos\u00edlen\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed Komise v\u00a0oblasti migrace \u010di\u00a0zaveden\u00ed povinn\u00fdch kv\u00f3tov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f na p\u0159emis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di p\u0159esidlov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0uprchl\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017ee to p\u016fsobit cynicky, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pragmaticky a\u00a0nedostate\u010dn\u011b velkoryse. Ale\u00a0p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnosti za azylovou politiku do rukou Evropsk\u00e9 komise by EU\u00a0v\u00a0t\u00e9to chv\u00edli politicky rozlo\u017eilo. Tento krok by \u0161el bohu\u017eel p\u0159\u00edmo na ruku s\u00edl\u00edc\u00edm\u00a0populist\u016fm na krajn\u00ed pravici, kte\u0159\u00ed si p\u0159ej\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho projektu a\u00a0zm\u011bny sv\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch politick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch pry\u010d od konceptu\u00a0liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie. Jedinou cestou se tak zd\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e1 snaha o\u00a0stabilizaci\u00a0soused\u00edc\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rozpracovan\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed pro \u010deskou imigra\u010dn\u00ed politiku\u00a0vznikl\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci N\u00e1rodn\u00edho konventu o\u00a0EU naleznete\u00a0zde<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Radko Hokovsk\u00fd<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0je v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm \u0159editelem think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty<\/p>\n

\"JAKUB_WEB\"<\/p>\n

Jakub Janda<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0je z\u00e1stupcem \u0159editele think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prudk\u00e1 zm\u011bna by mohla znamenat rozpad<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-releases"],"yoast_head":"\nJednotn\u00e1 azylov\u00e1 politika by EU rozlo\u017eila - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jednotn\u00e1 azylov\u00e1 politika by EU rozlo\u017eila - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Prudk\u00e1 zm\u011bna by mohla znamenat rozpad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-04-29T00:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-12-16T10:20:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1047\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"unicornsarereal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"unicornsarereal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"unicornsarereal\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/85c51e5d596f5218a05416643bad4a07\"},\"headline\":\"Jednotn\u00e1 azylov\u00e1 politika by EU rozlo\u017eila\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-04-29T00:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-16T10:20:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1117,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Press Releases\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/jednotna-azylova-politika-by-eu-rozlozila\\\/\",\"name\":\"Jednotn\u00e1 azylov\u00e1 politika by EU rozlo\u017eila - 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