{"id":3141,"date":"2015-05-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-05-03T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/jaka-je-dlouhodoba-vize-unie-kapitalovych-trhu\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:20:18","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:20:18","slug":"jaka-je-dlouhodoba-vize-unie-kapitalovych-trhu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/jaka-je-dlouhodoba-vize-unie-kapitalovych-trhu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00e1 je dlouhodob\u00e1 vize unie kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Unie kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f: Dlouhodob\u00e1 vize\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Capital Markets Union: a vision for the long term<\/em><\/a><\/h3>\n

Nicolas V\u00e9ron and Guntram B. Wolff; Bruegel<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Unie kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f (CMU) se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v ekonomick\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e v\u00edtanou iniciativou. Tento projekt by mohl p\u0159in\u00e9st lep\u0161\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch rizik mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, nastavit podm\u00ednky pro dynami\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozvoj rizikov\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu rychle rostouc\u00edch podnik\u016f a vylep\u0161it mo\u017enosti v\u00fdb\u011bru a n\u00e1vratnosti pro spo\u0159itele. Tyto mo\u017enosti nab\u00edz\u00ed velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l v\u00a0benefitech p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v tvorb\u011b pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst, ekonomick\u00e9ho r\u016fstu a finan\u010dn\u00ed odolnosti. CMU se nem\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdm cyklick\u00fdm instrumentem pro nahrazen\u00ed utlumen\u00fdch bankovn\u00edch p\u016fj\u010dek, proto\u017ee se finan\u010dn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed velice pomalu. P\u0159esunut\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f ke kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdm trh\u016fm a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed integrace vy\u017eaduje zapojen\u00ed na v\u00edce \u00farovn\u00edch i v\u00a0oblasti zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed transparentnosti, spolehlivosti a porovnatelnosti informac\u00ed a tak\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed obav z\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed nestability.<\/p>\n

Pro udr\u017een\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho tempa by se m\u011bla EU nejprve zam\u011b\u0159it na omezen\u00fd po\u010det kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch reforem v\u00a0oblastech regulace finan\u010dn\u00edch subjekt\u016f a produkt\u016f, struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed reformu bankovnictv\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 i podporu fond\u016f s\u00a0rizikov\u00fdm kapit\u00e1lem. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 reforma se t\u00fdk\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed integrace a spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159i vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed od auditorsk\u00fdch firem a dohledem nad nimi.\u00a0 P\u0159\u00edstupnost informac\u00ed o finan\u010dn\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch je \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako proud\u00edc\u00ed krev kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f. Dostupnost vysoce kvalitn\u00edch a srovnateln\u00fdch informac\u00ed o eminentech nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d st\u00e1ty EU je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podm\u00ednkou pro \u00fasp\u011bch CMU. Dal\u0161\u00edmi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi oblastmi pro dlouhodobou strategii CMU je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zisk v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu informac\u00ed o korporac\u00edch, finan\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e, insolvenci a o zdan\u011bn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch investic. Spolu s\u00a0informacemi o financ\u00edch, kter\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed do oblasti st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho \u00fa\u010detn\u00edho a auditorsk\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce, jsou pak informace o korpor\u00e1tn\u00edch rizikov\u00fdch \u00fav\u011brech velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro stimulov\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u017en\u00edch investic. D\u00e1le tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed retrospektivn\u00edho p\u0159ehledu ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 regulace kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u011bn\u00ed se CMU dostala ji\u017e do agendy jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni a je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 udr\u017eet sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav pomoc\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u00edho vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed a na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch bod\u016f do\u00a0budoucna.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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EU vs. Orb\u00e1n \u2013 boj za evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty<\/strong><\/h3>\n

EU vs. Orb\u00e1n \u2013 Fighting for Democracy within the EU<\/em><\/a><\/h3>\n

Zuzana Stuchl\u00edkov\u00e1; EUROPEUM<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Volby do ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho parlamentu, kter\u00e9 se uskute\u010dnily v\u00a0roce 2010, p\u0159ivedly k\u00a0moci sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra zem\u011b Viktora Orb\u00e1na. Jeho konzervativn\u00ed, pravicov\u011b orientovan\u00e1 strana Fidesz vyhr\u00e1la parlamentn\u00ed volby tak\u00e9 o \u010dty\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji. A\u010dkoli ob\u010dansk\u00e1 podpora nebyla tak siln\u00e1 jako b\u011bhem p\u0159edchoz\u00edch voleb, Orb\u00e1n vyhr\u00e1l se 44 % hlasy, co\u017e nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 v\u00a0zemi, kde je zaveden pom\u011brn\u00fd volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Orb\u00e1nova dikce v\u0161ak ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku druh\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy tohoto stolet\u00ed zvedala obo\u010d\u00ed mnoha evropsk\u00fdm politik\u016fm. Velmi kontroverzn\u00ed z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 za \u00fakol cenzurovat m\u00e9dia v\u00a0zemi, nebyl zdaleka jedin\u00fdm, kter\u00fd vyvolal diskuzi o poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed demokratick\u00fdch hodnot.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 unie ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku bedliv\u011b pozorovala Orb\u00e1novo po\u010d\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t projevila nesouhlas s\u00a0v\u00fdvojem politick\u00e9 situace v\u00a0zemi. Pr\u00e1vo EU nab\u00edz\u00ed standardn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dne Evropsk\u00e1 komise a d\u00edky nim\u017e lze p\u0159ezkoumat jednotliv\u00e9 z\u00e1kony p\u0159ijat\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy EU. Cel\u00fd proces m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik f\u00e1z\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt doveden a\u017e p\u0159ed Evropsk\u00fd soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr. U t\u0159\u00ed takov\u00fdch poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f Unie byla Evropsk\u00e1 komise \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 a donutila Ma\u010farsko k\u00a0jejich pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed. Velmi \u010dasto se hovo\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 o \u010dl\u00e1nku 7, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl p\u0159edstavovat nejlep\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroj k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed respektov\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch hodnot, av\u0161ak i 15 let po jeho za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do pr\u00e1va EU Amsterodamskou smlouvou nebyl st\u00e1le pou\u017eit.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto jsou jak\u00e9koliv siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tlaky na ma\u010farskou politiku ze strany EU velmi t\u011b\u017ece uskute\u010dniteln\u00e9 hned ze \u010dty\u0159 d\u016fvod\u016f.\u00a0 Prvn\u00ed z\u00a0nich je velmi \u0161irok\u00e1 definice hrozeb pro hodnoty EU, kter\u00e1 je pou\u017eita v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku 2 SEU, a tedy slo\u017eit\u011b uplatniteln\u00e1 v\u00a0praxi ve vztahu k\u00a0Ma\u010farsku. Druh\u00fd d\u016fvod \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s\u00a0prvn\u00edm, jeliko\u017e nez\u0159eteln\u00e1 interpretace posiluje obavy ostatn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, aby se p\u0159ijat\u00e9 ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0budoucnu neobr\u00e1tilo proti nim. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem je definice politiky Viktora Orb\u00e1na, kterou st\u00e1le nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pojmenovat jako autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd re\u017eim, jeliko\u017e byl politik zvolen v\u00a0demokratick\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch. Ten nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak tkv\u00ed v\u00a0nedostate\u010dn\u011b rozvinut\u00e9m spole\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ohro\u017een\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch hodnot. Nastaven\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho a neohro\u017een\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed EU se moment\u00e1ln\u011b zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt jedin\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Evropsk\u00e1 rada po Van Rompuyovi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The European Council after Van Rompuy<\/a><\/em><\/h3>\n

Philippe de Schoutheete; Notre Europe \u2013 Jacques Delors Institute<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Belgi\u010dan Herman Van Rompuy, kter\u00fd se stal prvn\u00edm st\u00e1l\u00fdm p\u0159edsedou Evropsk\u00e9 rady (ER), se musel od za\u010d\u00e1tku sv\u00e9ho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed pot\u00fdkat s\u00a0obecn\u00fdm a v\u00e1gn\u00edm vymezen\u00edm t\u00e9to funkce v\u00a0legislativ\u011b EU. B\u011bhem p\u011bti let, po kter\u00e1 v\u00a0\u010dele ER st\u00e1l, ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem tvaroval svou re\u00e1lnou pozici a vydob\u00fdval si pot\u0159ebn\u00fd respekt. Jak se to Van Rompuyovi povedlo a co po n\u011bm z\u016fstalo jeho n\u00e1stupci?<\/p>\n

P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta na vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to pozice byl br\u00e1n velk\u00fd z\u0159etel na jeho povahov\u00e9 vlastnosti. P\u0159edsedat ER toti\u017e znamen\u00e1 jednat se siln\u00fdmi osobnostmi a dok\u00e1zat dos\u00e1hnout konsenzu i v\u00a0siln\u011b diverzifikovan\u00e9 skupin\u011b. Pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl vybr\u00e1n Van Rompuy, o kter\u00e9m britsk\u00fd tisk prohla\u0161oval, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u201echarisma mokr\u00e9ho hadru\u201c. P\u0159edseda ale nem\u011bl ani zast\u00ednit evropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00edky, ani zmizet z\u00a0obrazovek, a ihned po Belgi\u010danov\u011b n\u00e1stupu za\u010dala podoba t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 pozice z\u00edsk\u00e1vat ostr\u00e9 rysy. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ihned svolal v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 zased\u00e1n\u00ed ER, na kter\u00e9 hlavy st\u00e1t\u016f nejen dorazily, ale nechaly tak\u00e9 nov\u00e9ho p\u0159edsedu, aby jej vedl. Van Rompuy tak od po\u010d\u00e1tku zav\u00e1d\u011bl a upev\u0148oval funkci p\u0159edsedy ER, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se \u0159\u00eddil heslem, \u017ee \u010das je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed surovinou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho politika. Hlava ER se tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed starat o p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011bry mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, ale i unijn\u00edmi institucemi. Van Rompuy se dok\u00e1zal se v\u0161emi st\u00fdkat, poslouchat je a zohled\u0148ovat jejich n\u00e1zory. T\u00edm v\u0161em stran\u00e1m uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee se s\u00a0nimi po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1, co\u017e se mu pozd\u011bji vyplatilo v\u00a0obdob\u00edch krize.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed t\u00fddny ve funkci Van Rompuyova polsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1stupce Donalda Tuska ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 toho, \u010deho jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce dos\u00e1hl. A\u010dkoli je jeho diskurz odli\u0161n\u00fd jak v\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdch, tak ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch EU, jeho role je v\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u011b shodn\u00e1 s tou Van Rompuyovou. Ten se p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 funkce Tuskovi vyslovil, \u017ee by mu p\u0159\u00e1l, aby byla jeho pozice viditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm poli. Na hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu Donalda Tuska je ale je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 brzy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Jak m\u016f\u017ee EU o\u010distit \u0161patnou energetickou politiku v sousedstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Cleaning the neighbourhood: How the EU can scrub out bad energy policy<\/em><\/a><\/h3>\n

Stephen Tindale a Suzanna Hinson; Centre for European Reform<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Energetick\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed (ES) vzniklo v\u00a0roce 2006 na podporu investic do energetick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. V\u00a0roce 2010 bylo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno do zem\u00ed na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. \u010clenov\u00e9 ES maj\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnou za finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc implementovat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed acquis communautaire t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se energetiky, hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Energetick\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed je proto iniciativou s\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm potenci\u00e1lem utv\u00e1\u0159et politiku sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed. Od roku 2018 m\u00e1 v\u00a0zem\u00edch ES platit sm\u011brnice o pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch emis\u00edch (IED), kter\u00e1 stanov\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed limity emis\u00ed toxick\u00fdch plyn\u016f pro nov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny. Na druhou stranu Srbsko, \u010cern\u00e1 Hora a Ukrajina zvy\u0161uj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed, jeliko\u017e cht\u011bj\u00ed prod\u00e1vat elekt\u0159inu v EU. \u0158ada elektr\u00e1ren v\u00a0t\u011bchto zem\u00edch postr\u00e1d\u00e1 technologie na zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0EU povinn\u00e9, a proto mohou vyr\u00e1b\u011bt elekt\u0159inu za ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cenu. Jestli\u017ee EU tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee usiluje o zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, m\u011bla by p\u0159estat dov\u00e1\u017eet \u201e\u0161pinavou\u201c elekt\u0159inu a podporovat uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, kter\u00e9 tyto technologie nemaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Srbsko ji\u017e IED inkorporovalo do sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, zat\u00edmco \u010cern\u00e1 Hora tak je\u0161t\u011b neu\u010dinila. Ob\u011b zem\u011b nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed investovat do nov\u00fdch uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, kter\u00e9 nejsou v\u00a0souladu s IED. \u0158ada projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 nebudou p\u0159ed rokem 2018 funk\u010dn\u00ed, je nav\u00edc spolufinancov\u00e1na energetick\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi v\u00a0EU, kter\u00e9 t\u00edm poru\u0161uj\u00ed unijn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. Vl\u00e1d\u00e1m chyb\u00ed institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed kapacity a mnohdy i v\u016fle pravidla prosazovat. Instituce ES nemaj\u00ed vliv na prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel a pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed se s\u00a0nedostatkem finan\u010dn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Komise by m\u011bla zajistit, aby spole\u010dnosti zru\u0161ily sv\u00e9 neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed investice. EU vede seznam energetick\u00fdch projekt\u016f \u201espole\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu\u201c, kter\u00e9 budou podporov\u00e1ny granty a \u00fav\u011bry Komise a Evropsk\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed banky. Podobn\u00fd seznam m\u00e1 i ES, ale jeliko\u017e nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, nem\u016f\u017ee tyto projekty podpo\u0159it. Energetick\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed avizovalo, \u017ee by n\u011bkter\u00e9 projekty mimo EU m\u011bly dost\u00e1vat jej\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed podporu. I kdy\u017e Komise sl\u00edbila vytvo\u0159it n\u00e1vrhy na pos\u00edlen\u00ed ES, jejich obsah je zat\u00edm nezn\u00e1m\u00fd.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n
\n

Energetick\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost budov: St\u00e1le nespln\u011bn\u00e9 sliby<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The Energy Performance of Buildings: Promises Still Unfulfilled<\/em><\/a><\/h3>\n

Tania Zgajewsi; Egmont – the Royal Institute for European Policy<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina odborn\u00edk\u016f se shoduje, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost mus\u00ed b\u00fdt z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem jak\u00e9koliv energetick\u00e9 strategie EU, je\u017e by m\u011bla sledovat t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed c\u00edle. Jsou jimi zaprv\u00e9 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, zadruh\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 \u00faspory a zat\u0159et\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti dod\u00e1vek prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed popt\u00e1vky. V\u00a0tomto\u00a0kontextu hraje stavebn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli, nebo\u0165 reprezentuje okolo 40 % kone\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159eby energie a 36% pod\u00edl emis\u00ed CO2.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 unie se probl\u00e9mem energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti budov zab\u00fdvala poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 2002, kdy p\u0159ijala sm\u011brnici 2002\/91\/EC. Ta stanovovala celou \u0159adu z\u00e1sad jako: spolehlivou metodologii, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdpo\u010det a hodnocen\u00ed energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti budov; minim\u00e1ln\u00ed normy energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti nov\u00fdch budov a budov po v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rekonstrukci; certifik\u00e1ty energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti; \u010di pravideln\u00e9 inspekce otopn\u00fdch soustav a klimatiza\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Tyto standardy byly je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce pos\u00edleny v\u00a0p\u0159epracovan\u00e9 sm\u011brnici 2010\/31\/EU.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 sm\u011brnice z\u00a0roku 2012 (2012\/27\/EU) pak rozeb\u00edr\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed aspekty energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti. Pro stavebn\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ty, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch strategi\u00ed pro mobilizaci investic do obnovy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho stavebnictv\u00ed a zaveden\u00ed program\u016f energetick\u00fdch \u00faspor pro \u201eur\u010dit\u00e9\u201c energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti s\u00a0c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu koncov\u00fdch z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f o 1,5 % ro\u010dn\u011b. Jako jedno z\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pak navrhuje z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed fondu na podporu iniciativ v\u00a0oblasti energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n

Navzdory ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159ijat\u00e9 legislativ\u011b jsou ale v\u00fdsledky bohu\u017eel minim\u00e1ln\u00ed. Sv\u016fj pod\u00edl na tom m\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm neochota \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b a v\u010das implementovat zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 sm\u011brnice. Stavebn\u00ed sektor nav\u00edc pot\u0159ebuje podle Komise investice ve v\u00fd\u0161i 60 miliard eur ro\u010dn\u011b, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 splnit p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 c\u00edle pro rok 2020, co\u017e ov\u0161em kv\u016fli ekonomick\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed krizi nevypad\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 re\u00e1ln\u011b. Toto odv\u011btv\u00ed pr\u016fmyslu se v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s\u00a0trval\u00fdm nedostatkem kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly, jen\u017e k\u00fd\u017een\u00e9mu zotavov\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 nijak neprosp\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Ani krok bez voln\u00e9ho pohybu: Diskuze EU a \u0160v\u00fdcarska o kv\u00f3t\u00e1ch pro voln\u00fd pohyb osob<\/strong><\/h3>\n

No Move without Free Movement: The EU-Swiss controversy over quotas for free movement of persons<\/a><\/em><\/h3>\n

Sergio Carrera, Elspeth Guild a Katharina Eisele;\u00a0<\/strong>The Centre for European Policy Studies<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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V\u00a0\u00fanoru 2014 se ob\u010dan\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarska v\u00a0referendu vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili pro aplikaci ro\u010dn\u00edch kv\u00f3t na imigraci, a to v\u010detn\u011b t\u00e9 z\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Zaveden\u00edm t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed hroz\u00ed podkop\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Dohody o voln\u00e9m pohybu osob mezi EU a \u0160v\u00fdcarskem a bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f celkov\u011b. Svoboda pohybu je jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f vnit\u0159n\u00edho trhu. Komise se k\u00a0jej\u00edmu naru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed stav\u00ed nekompromisn\u011b a ji\u017e na situaci zareagovala pozastaven\u00edm \u00fa\u010dasti \u0160v\u00fdcarska na programech Erasmus+ a H2020 s varov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee nedodr\u017een\u00edm Dohody by \u0160v\u00fdcarsko mohlo p\u0159ij\u00edt i o dal\u0161\u00ed smluvn\u00ed vztahy s\u00a0EU.<\/p>\n

Imigra\u010dn\u00ed omezen\u00ed by zas\u00e1hla zejm\u00e9na ob\u010dany EU, kte\u0159\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed spolu s\u00a0islandsk\u00fdmi, lichten\u0161tejnsk\u00fdmi a norsk\u00fdmi p\u0159ist\u011bhovalci t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 66 % cizinc\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by stejn\u00e1 pravidla za\u010dala platit i pro \u0160v\u00fdcary cestuj\u00edc\u00ed do zem\u00ed Unie. Od podeps\u00e1n\u00ed Dohody do\u0161lo k\u00a0rozvinut\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu EU, zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky vstupu Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy v platnost. Svoboda pohybu se stala pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vaznou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Charty z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed podoba Dohody nen\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e1 t\u011bmto zm\u011bn\u00e1m a nepodl\u00e9h\u00e1 tedy ani dostate\u010dn\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 soudn\u00ed kontrole.<\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsko se m\u016f\u017ee zachovat n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby. Jednou z\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed je aplikace ochrann\u00fdch dolo\u017eek pro\u00a0v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Podm\u00ednky jejich u\u017eit\u00ed je ale n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 ur\u010dit a pro\u0161et\u0159it. Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdchodiskem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho referenda o bal\u00ed\u010dku opat\u0159en\u00ed propojen\u00e9ho s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstupem k\u00a0vnit\u0159n\u00edmu trhu a program\u016fm EU. Je ale t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, zda by ekonomick\u00e9 argumenty zm\u011bnily v\u00fdsledek v\u00a0bohat\u00e9 zemi s\u00a0n\u00edzkou nezam\u011bstnanost\u00ed. Dohodu o voln\u00e9m pohybu je mo\u017en\u00e9 ukon\u010dit, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by ale do\u0161lo ke zru\u0161en\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00edch asocia\u010dn\u00edch smluv. Uzav\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 dohody, kter\u00e1 by mohla zahrnovat kv\u00f3ty, ale ponechala by st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1va a garance pro imigranty, by bylo krokem zp\u011bt v\u00a0bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztaz\u00edch. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u00faprava Dohody tak, aby byla uvedena do souladu s\u00a0demokratick\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem EU dle Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy a podl\u00e9hala by \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 soudn\u00ed kontrole a demokratick\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n
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Analytick\u00fd t\u00fdm<\/strong>\u00a0vyb\u00edr\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studie instituc\u00ed zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se evropskou tematikou vydan\u00e9 v\u00a0uplynul\u00e9m t\u00fddnu. Seznam 66 aktu\u00e1ln\u011b monitorovan\u00fdch think-tank\u016f naleznete na\u00a0na\u0161em webu<\/a>. Medi\u00e1ln\u00edm partnerem publikovan\u00fdch anotac\u00ed je port\u00e1l\u00a0EurActiv.cz<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Unie kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f: Dlouhodob\u00e1 vize\u00a0 Capital Markets Union: a vision for the long term Nicolas V\u00e9ron and Guntram B. Wolff; Bruegel Unie kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f (CMU) se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v ekonomick\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e v\u00edtanou iniciativou. Tento projekt by mohl p\u0159in\u00e9st lep\u0161\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch rizik mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, nastavit podm\u00ednky pro dynami\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozvoj rizikov\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu rychle rostouc\u00edch podnik\u016f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-releases"],"yoast_head":"\nJak\u00e1 je dlouhodob\u00e1 vize unie kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f? - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/jaka-je-dlouhodoba-vize-unie-kapitalovych-trhu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak\u00e1 je dlouhodob\u00e1 vize unie kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f? - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Unie kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f: Dlouhodob\u00e1 vize\u00a0 Capital Markets Union: a vision for the long term Nicolas V\u00e9ron and Guntram B. 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Wolff; Bruegel Unie kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f (CMU) se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v ekonomick\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e v\u00edtanou iniciativou. 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