{"id":3061,"date":"2015-01-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-01-14T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/zahranicni-bojovnici-zpet-v-evrope-jakou-predstavuji-hrozbu\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:32:35","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:32:35","slug":"zahranicni-bojovnici-zpet-v-evrope-jakou-predstavuji-hrozbu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zahranicni-bojovnici-zpet-v-evrope-jakou-predstavuji-hrozbu\/","title":{"rendered":"Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed bojovn\u00edci zp\u011bt v Evrop\u011b. Jakou p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrozbu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Syrsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka p\u0159il\u00e1kala od sv\u00e9ho propuknut\u00ed na ja\u0159e roku 2011 na\u00a011 a\u017e 12 tis\u00edc zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f<\/a>\u00a0(tzv. foreign fighters). P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch se k teroristick\u00e9 organizaci Isl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t (IS) je ze zem\u00ed jako je Tunisko, Saudsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie \u010di Jord\u00e1nsko, tak evropskou ve\u0159ejnost zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00ed bojovn\u00edci poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z Evropy.<\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed po\u010dty zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0Evropy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Podle odhad\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie ode\u0161lo do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 bojovat na stran\u011b islamist\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0t\u0159i tis\u00edce Evropan\u016f<\/a>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e toto \u010d\u00edslo zahrnuje jak navr\u00e1tiv\u0161\u00ed bojovn\u00edky, tak osoby zabit\u00e9 b\u011bhem boj\u016f. V\u00a0absolutn\u00edch \u010d\u00edslech nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010dty zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0Francie, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, N\u011bmecka a Belgie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Syrsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed a\u017e 12 tis\u00edc zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f. P\u0159es 3 tis\u00edce z nich tvo\u0159\u00ed Evropan\u00e9 v islamistick\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. Foto Zdroj:\u00a0opendemocracy.net<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Podle vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Hollanda z\u00a0poloviny roku 2014 zat\u00edm ode\u0161lo do S\u00fdrie a\u017e p\u0159es\u00a0700 francouzsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f<\/a>. Tento po\u010det je je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a075% n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u00a0po\u010dtech Francouz\u016f<\/a>, kte\u0159\u00ed ode\u0161li bojovat do S\u00fdrie v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed se za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2014. V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed se hovo\u0159\u00ed nejv\u00edce o\u00a0400 osob\u00e1ch<\/a>, kdy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 250 z\u00a0nich se ji\u017e vr\u00e1tilo zp\u011bt do Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a 65 bylo zat\u010deno v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0jejich\u00a0aktivitami v\u00a0S\u00fdrii<\/a>. Z\u00a0N\u011bmecka ode\u0161lo bojovat takt\u00e9\u017e okolo\u00a0400 osob<\/a>\u00a0a vr\u00e1tila se jich\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159etina<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Teroristick\u00e9 aktivity na evropsk\u00e9m kontinent\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem teroristick\u00e9ho \u010dinu navr\u00e1tilce ze syrsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky bylo st\u0159\u00edlen\u00ed v\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00e9m muzeu v\u00a0Bruselu v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 2014, kter\u00e9 m\u011bl na sv\u011bdom\u00ed Francouz Mehdi Nemmouche a jeho\u017e \u00fatok nep\u0159e\u017eili \u010dty\u0159i lid\u00e9. Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo dal\u0161\u00edmu bruselsk\u00e9mu sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i, sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slo\u017eky evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e1\u00a0protiteroristick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed proti navracej\u00edc\u00edm se zahrani\u010dn\u00edm bojovn\u00edk\u016fm<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00fdm autorit\u00e1m se da\u0159\u00ed podnikat preemptivn\u00ed kroky \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0rozb\u00edjen\u00ed teroristick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0na rekrutov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f. Zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie rovn\u011b\u017e detailn\u011b monitoruj\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed bojovn\u00edky. Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 ji\u017e sv\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho odsouzen\u00e9ho za teroristick\u00e9 zlo\u010diny spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0v\u00e1lkou v\u00a0S\u00fdrii.\u00a0Mashudur Choudhury<\/a>\u00a0byl odsouzen ke \u010dty\u0159em let\u016fm v\u011bzen\u00ed za cestu do S\u00fdrie, kde se m\u011bl p\u0159idat k\u00a0d\u017eih\u00e1dist\u016fm ve v\u00fdcvikov\u00e9m t\u00e1bo\u0159e. V\u00a0\u010dervnu\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9 soudy obvinily t\u0159i osoby<\/a>, kter\u00e9 se \u00fadajn\u011b zapojily do boj\u016f v\u00a0S\u00fdrii na stran\u011b isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f a z\u00a0N\u011bmecka m\u011bli vyv\u00e9zt vojensk\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed, l\u00e9ky a pen\u00edze zp\u011bt do S\u00fdrie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Podle francouzsk\u00e9 hlavy st\u00e1tu Francoise Hollanda ode\u0161lo bojovat do S\u00fdrie p\u0159es 700 ob\u010dan\u016f Francie. Foto zdroj:\u00a0<\/em>tvnewsroom.consilium.europa.eu<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0koordinac\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni vol\u00e1 OSN i EU po vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00fdch dostupn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed odchodu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f a jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 participaci na teroristick\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch islamistick\u00fdch organizac\u00ed. Dle\u00a0posledn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy Europolu<\/a>\u00a0mapuj\u00edc\u00ed situaci okolo terorismu v\u00a0Evrop\u011b za rok 2013 se \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm v\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech da\u0159\u00ed rozb\u00edjet n\u00e1borov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b (jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad belgick\u00e1 Sharia4Belgium) a zamezovat odchodu Evropan\u016f do S\u00fdrie a jin\u00fdch konfliktn\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Islamistick\u00e9 teroristick\u00e9 organizace nad\u00e1le vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed svoje potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u00edky, aby p\u00e1chali tzv. individu\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u017eih\u00e1d v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edch st\u00e1tech \u010di aby se zapojovali do boj\u016f \u010di podp\u016frn\u00fdch aktivit mimo evropsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed bojovn\u00edky odborn\u00edci a statistiky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edk na terorismus Thomas Hegghammer zjistil, \u017ee ze v\u0161ech z\u00e1padn\u00edch muslim\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ode\u0161li bojovat do konfliktn\u00edch oblast\u00ed p\u0159ed rokem 2011, se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b\u00a01 z\u00a09 navr\u00e1tilc\u016f zapojil do teroristick\u00fdch aktivit i zp\u011bt na Z\u00e1pad\u011b<\/a>. S\u00a0podobn\u00fdmi z\u00e1v\u011bry p\u0159i\u0161la tak\u00e9\u00a0N\u00e1rodn\u00ed komise pro teroristick\u00e9 \u00fatoky na Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty<\/a>, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla za \u00fakol vy\u0161et\u0159it \u00fatoky z\u00a011. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2001. Podle t\u00e9to komise pro\u0161lo tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fdmi kempy Al-Kajdy mezi lety 1996 a\u017e 2001 okolo 10 tis\u00edc a\u017e 20 tis\u00edc rekrut\u016f, ale \u00fatoky z\u00a011. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sp\u00e1chala pouze mal\u00e1 skupina terorist\u016f. Podle\u00a0International Centre for Counter-Terrorism v\u00a0Haagu<\/a>\u00a0ze v\u0161ech osob, kter\u00e9 byly usv\u011bd\u010deny z\u00a0d\u017eih\u00e1distick\u00e9ho teroristick\u00e9ho \u010dinu v\u00a0Evrop\u011b mezi lety 2001 a\u017e 2009, pouze okolo 12 % z\u00a0nich bylo v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed pro ideologick\u00fd \u010di vojensk\u00fd v\u00fdcvik nebo se rovnou \u00fa\u010dastnilo boj\u016f.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch dat vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 v Evrop\u011b\u00a0o\u010dek\u00e1vat sp\u00ed\u0161e \u00fatoky mal\u00e9ho rozsahu<\/a>, jak\u00e9mu jsme byli sv\u011bdky v\u00a0Bruselu v\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00e9m muzeu. Na druhou stranu statistick\u00e1 data nem\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159ece\u0148ovat, je v\u017edy nutn\u00e9 analyzovat c\u00edle a strategii dan\u00e9 teroristick\u00e9 skupiny. Hegghammer\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek je p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b postaven na anal\u00fdze\u00a0mud\u017eahed\u00edn\u016f bojuj\u00edc\u00edch proti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu<\/a>, co\u017e ji\u017e neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 kontextu dne\u0161n\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed situace. Dnes se tak\u00e9 li\u0161\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed osob, kter\u00e9 odch\u00e1zej\u00ed bojovat na Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod \u2013 jedn\u00e1 se o \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l\u00a0mlad\u0161\u00ed rekruty mezi 18-29 lety<\/a>\u00a0a zapojuj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 \u010dasto \u017eeny. Riziko navracej\u00edc\u00edch se zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f netkv\u00ed pouze v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch teroristick\u00fdch \u010dinech, tyto osoby mohou v\u00a0Evrop\u011b tak\u00e9 rekrutovat dal\u0161\u00ed spolubojovn\u00edky \u010di b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed podp\u016frn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b terorist\u016f a nap\u0159\u00edklad zaji\u0161\u0165ovat zbran\u011b a finance pro svoji organizaci.<\/p>\n

Text byl naps\u00e1n p\u0159ed pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fdm \u00fatokem a proto ho nezohled\u0148uje.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Text je zkr\u00e1cenou verz\u00ed odborn\u00e9ho podkladu. Jeho pln\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed naleznete na\u00a0na\u0161ich internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Lucie Chl\u00e1dkov\u00e1<\/a>\u00a0je juniorn\u00ed analyti\u010dkou think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n

Foto na hlavn\u00ed stran\u011b: Nina Jean,\u00a0https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/nicasaurusrex\/5595410617\/<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Syrsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka p\u0159il\u00e1kala od sv\u00e9ho propuknut\u00ed na ja\u0159e roku 2011 na\u00a011 a\u017e 12 tis\u00edc zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f\u00a0(tzv. foreign fighters). P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch se k teroristick\u00e9 organizaci Isl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t (IS) je ze zem\u00ed jako je Tunisko, Saudsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie \u010di Jord\u00e1nsko, tak evropskou ve\u0159ejnost zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00ed bojovn\u00edci poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z Evropy.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-releases"],"yoast_head":"\nZahrani\u010dn\u00ed bojovn\u00edci zp\u011bt v Evrop\u011b. Jakou p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrozbu? - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zahranicni-bojovnici-zpet-v-evrope-jakou-predstavuji-hrozbu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed bojovn\u00edci zp\u011bt v Evrop\u011b. Jakou p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrozbu? - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Syrsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka p\u0159il\u00e1kala od sv\u00e9ho propuknut\u00ed na ja\u0159e roku 2011 na\u00a011 a\u017e 12 tis\u00edc zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f\u00a0(tzv. foreign fighters). 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