{"id":3043,"date":"2014-09-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-09-16T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/kompenzacni-mechanismus-eu-jako-projev-evropske-solidarity-v-praxi\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:21:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:21:04","slug":"kompenzacni-mechanismus-eu-jako-projev-evropske-solidarity-v-praxi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/kompenzacni-mechanismus-eu-jako-projev-evropske-solidarity-v-praxi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kompenza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus EU jako projev evropsk\u00e9 solidarity v praxi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Evropsk\u00e1 unie se 10. srpna za\u010dala<\/a> zab\u00fdvat mo\u017enost\u00ed kompenzovat ztr\u00e1ty zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f posti\u017een\u00fdch rusk\u00fdm z\u00e1kazem dovozu evropsk\u00fdch potravin na sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. Brusel tak chce kompenzovat ztr\u00e1tu evropsk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f a omezit nesouhlas uvnit\u0159 osmadvac\u00edtky v\u016f\u010di unijn\u00edm sankc\u00edm proti Moskv\u011b. Je kompenza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus EU schopn\u00fd napomoci k\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed solidarit\u011b \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed ve spole\u010dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blce z\u00e1kaz dovozu potravin m\u016f\u017ee citeln\u011b zas\u00e1hnout. Jen v\u00a0minul\u00e9m roce se do Ruska celkov\u011b vyvezlo<\/a> 10% unijn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkce v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 11,8 miliard eur, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00fd rusk\u00fd seznam zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch polo\u017eek pokr\u00fdv\u00e1<\/a> z\u00a0t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1stky 5,3 miliard eur. Nejv\u00edce posti\u017een\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty volaj\u00ed po ur\u010dit\u00e9m druhu od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by zm\u00edrnilo negativn\u00ed dopady z\u00e1kazu v\u00fdvozu na rusk\u00fd trh. Finsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Alexander Stubb byl jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch, kter\u00fd otev\u0159en\u011b vyzval<\/a> Unii k\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9 solidarit\u011b s\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty nejv\u00edce zasa\u017een\u00fdmi sankcemi.<\/p>\n

EU nyn\u00ed jedn\u00e1 o mo\u017enostech opat\u0159en\u00ed na stabilizaci trhu, aby p\u0159ebytek zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkce nezp\u016fsobil prudk\u00fd pokles cen nejh\u016f\u0159e posti\u017een\u00fdch komodit. Unie m\u00e1 k\u00a0dispozici rezervn\u00ed fond<\/a> na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed kriz\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch trz\u00edch v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 420 milion\u016f eur, kter\u00fd lze pou\u017e\u00edt na podporu zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f nap\u0159\u00edklad formou n\u00e1kupu p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 produkce. Podle komisa\u0159e pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a rozvoj venkova Daciana Ciolo\u015fe se v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b st\u00e1le vyhodnocuje dopad embarga na unijn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blce a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1 se o mo\u017enostech vyu\u017eit\u00ed tohoto fondu, nicm\u00e9n\u011b poznamenal, \u017ee:\u201e producenti z\u00a0cel\u00e9 EU mohou b\u00fdt klidn\u00ed, [\u2026] d\u016fv\u011bra v\u00a0trh skrze evropskou solidaritu je prvo\u0159ad\u00fdm \u00fakolem.\u201c<\/p>\n

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Komise deklarovala, \u017ee je p\u0159ipravena v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby navrhnout celounijn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/a>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Unie zat\u00edm podpo\u0159ila zem\u011bd\u011blce<\/a> opat\u0159en\u00edmi v\u00a0celkov\u00e9 hodnot\u011b 180 milion\u016f eur. Zdroj: https:\/\/euobserver.com<\/em><\/p>\n

Je ot\u00e1zkou, zda evrop\u0161t\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci dok\u00e1\u017eou nal\u00e9zt alternativn\u00ed trhy, kter\u00e9 by alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vykompenzovaly ztr\u00e1tu exportu do Ruska, proto Komise rozhodla vy\u010dlenit z\u00a0t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1stky 30 milion\u016f eur na propagaci evropsk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f s\u00a0c\u00edlem otev\u0159\u00edt jim nov\u00e9 trhy. Zbytek z\u00a0t\u00e9to sumy je ur\u010den na prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro produkty podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed rychl\u00e9 zk\u00e1ze, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt podle Ciolo\u015fe \u201ep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 a n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed<\/a>.\u201c Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak nejsou kone\u010dn\u00e1. Na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m zased\u00e1n\u00ed Rady pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a rybolov 5. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty dohodly, \u017ee je pot\u0159eba d\u00e1le nav\u00fd\u0161it \u010d\u00e1stku ur\u010denou na pomoc evropsk\u00fdm zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm, podle ministra zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed Mariana Jure\u010dky tato pomoc m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e jedn\u00e9 miliardy eur<\/a>. Dal\u0161\u00ed zased\u00e1n\u00ed ministr\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed EU je napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no na 29. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 snaha Komise kompenzovat ztr\u00e1ty evropsk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f p\u0159edstavuje cestu, jak \u010delit mo\u017en\u00fdm negativn\u00edm dopad\u016fm spole\u010dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky Unie i v budoucnu. Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt jedin\u00fdm sektorem, kde EU m\u016f\u017ee jednat o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch kompenzac\u00edch. Kompenza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edkladem principu solidarity uvnit\u0159 osmadvac\u00edtky, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je vynalo\u017eit prost\u0159edky na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed ztr\u00e1t nejv\u00edce zasa\u017een\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a podpo\u0159it tak jednotn\u00fd unijn\u00ed postoj, v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b proti rusk\u00e9 agresi.<\/p>\n

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Ji\u017e v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se hovo\u0159\u00ed o rusk\u00e9m embargu na dovoz automobil\u016f<\/a> \u010di o z\u00e1kazu evropsk\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat rusk\u00fd vzdu\u0161n\u00fd prostor.<\/a> Zdroj: https:\/\/s2.reutersmedia.net<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00a0praxi evropsk\u00e1 solidarita zat\u00edm nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na sv\u00e9 limity, nebo\u0165 lze jen obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b motivovat \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby up\u0159ednostnily z\u00e1jem Unie p\u0159ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edm a podpo\u0159ily evropsk\u00e9 sankce v\u016f\u010di Rusku. Jedn\u00e1 se o kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd probl\u00e9m<\/a>, nebo\u0165 sankce slou\u017e\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice Unie, ale n\u00e1klady na jejich realizaci jsou zat\u00edm hrazeny jednotliv\u00fdmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Je ot\u00e1zkou, zda by kompenza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus EU mohl tuto situaci zm\u011bnit. Nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje by mohla EU vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159i roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rusk\u00fdch sankc\u00ed, tedy nakolik m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt evropsk\u00fd kompenza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus efektivn\u00ed, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jak\u00e1 by byla krit\u00e9ria p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed navrhovan\u00e9ho fondu a jak takov\u00e1 kompenzace bude v\u00a0praxi vypadat. Zejm\u00e9na ze Slovenska a Ma\u010farska se oz\u00fdv\u00e1 nesouhlas s\u00a0evropsk\u00fdmi sankcemi. Podle ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Viktora Orb\u00e1na \u201ejsme sami sebe st\u0159elili do nohy<\/a>\u201c, nebo\u0165 protirusk\u00e9 sankce jsou v\u00a0rozporu se z\u00e1jmy Ma\u010farska a po\u0161kozuj\u00ed jej v\u00edce ne\u017e Rusko. Orb\u00e1n o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee EU m\u00e1 od\u0161kodnit posti\u017een\u00e9 producenty potravin, z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale hled\u00e1 partnery, s\u00a0nimi\u017e by dok\u00e1zal zm\u011bnit sank\u010dn\u00ed politiku EU. V\u016f\u010di sankc\u00edm se ohradil tak\u00e9<\/a> slovensk\u00fd p\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy Robert Fico \u010di \u010desk\u00fd prezident Milo\u0161 Zeman. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1klady sankc\u00ed na vlastn\u00ed ekonomiku maj\u00ed prioritu nad snahou spole\u010dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky EU vyslat Rusku sign\u00e1l o nutnosti respektovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy. Naopak smysl sankc\u00ed si uv\u011bdomuje slovensk\u00fd prezident Andrej Kiska: \u201eSankce pro n\u00e1s mohou znamenat i jistou ekonomickou ztr\u00e1tu […], ale mus\u00edme b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveni tuto ztr\u00e1tu p\u0159ijmout. Obchodn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy nesm\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt nad\u0159azeny z\u00e1kladn\u00edm hodnot\u00e1m svobody a demokracie.\u201c<\/p>\n

Kompenzace jsou i podle Ciolo\u015fe pouze posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak pomoci ohro\u017een\u00fdm subjekt\u016fm, prioritou je hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch odbyti\u0161\u0165. Rizikem kompenzac\u00ed je pok\u0159iven\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomiky podporovan\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho odv\u011btv\u00ed. Lze tedy vzn\u00e9st obavy, na kolik jsou tyto kompenzace udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy EU zasahuje do tr\u017en\u00edho syst\u00e9mu za \u00fa\u010delem ochr\u00e1nit subjekty p\u0159i jejich podnik\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0rizikov\u00fdm partnerem, jak se d\u011bje nyn\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Ruska. Kompenza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus EU lze p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ch\u00e1pat jako n\u00e1stroj k\u00a0pos\u00edlen\u00ed solidarity uvnit\u0159 osmadvac\u00edtky. T\u00edm se m\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161it i ochota \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f n\u00e9st mo\u017en\u00e1 rizika vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ze spole\u010dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky Unie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Franti\u0161ek Mudro\u0148ka<\/strong><\/a> p\u016fsob\u00ed v Analytick\u00e9m t\u00fdmu think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

Ad\u00e9la H\u00e1jkov\u00e1<\/strong><\/a> p\u016fsob\u00ed jako v Analytick\u00e9m t\u00fdmu think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evropsk\u00e1 unie se 10. srpna za\u010dala zab\u00fdvat mo\u017enost\u00ed kompenzovat ztr\u00e1ty zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f posti\u017een\u00fdch rusk\u00fdm z\u00e1kazem dovozu evropsk\u00fdch potravin na sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. Brusel tak chce kompenzovat ztr\u00e1tu evropsk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f a omezit nesouhlas uvnit\u0159 osmadvac\u00edtky v\u016f\u010di unijn\u00edm sankc\u00edm proti Moskv\u011b. Je kompenza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus EU schopn\u00fd napomoci k\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed solidarit\u011b \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed ve spole\u010dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-releases"],"yoast_head":"\nKompenza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus EU jako projev evropsk\u00e9 solidarity v praxi? - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/kompenzacni-mechanismus-eu-jako-projev-evropske-solidarity-v-praxi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kompenza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus EU jako projev evropsk\u00e9 solidarity v praxi? - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Evropsk\u00e1 unie se 10. srpna za\u010dala zab\u00fdvat mo\u017enost\u00ed kompenzovat ztr\u00e1ty zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f posti\u017een\u00fdch rusk\u00fdm z\u00e1kazem dovozu evropsk\u00fdch potravin na sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. 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