{"id":3020,"date":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:32:57","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:32:57","slug":"zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/","title":{"rendered":"Zm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Think-tank Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 odborn\u00fd podklad, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje pozad\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj legislativn\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku pro oblast Schengenu tzv. “Schengen Governance Package”. Autorem je David Kopal, st\u00e1\u017eista analytick\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty. Dokument si m\u016f\u017eete ve form\u00e1tu PDF st\u00e1hnout ZDE<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

1. \u00davod do problematiky<\/h2>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh tohoto bal\u00ed\u010dku za\u010dal p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011bma roky a je \u00fazce spojen s\u00a0n\u011bkolika ud\u00e1lostmi souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi zejm\u00e9na s vypuknut\u00edm tzv. arabsk\u00e9ho jara. Na jeho po\u010d\u00e1tku tis\u00edce uprchl\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0Afriky zam\u00ed\u0159ili p\u0159es st\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e k\u00a0evropsk\u00fdm b\u0159eh\u016fm, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na italsk\u00fd ostrov Lampedusa. It\u00e1lie nebyla na takov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed uprchl\u00edk\u016f p\u0159ipravena, a proto po\u017e\u00e1dala ostatn\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty o spolupr\u00e1ci. Tato prosba v\u0161ak nebyla vysly\u0161ena a italsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u00a0reakci na to ud\u011blila uprchl\u00edk\u016fm povolen\u00ed k\u00a0pobytu s\u00a0povolen\u00edm cestovat po cel\u00e9m Schengensk\u00e9m prostoru. To v\u0161ak bylo v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0jeho pravidly o voln\u00e9m pohybu osob stanoven\u00fdch v Schengensk\u00e9m hrani\u010dn\u00edm kodexu. Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed uprchl\u00edci zam\u00ed\u0159ili zejm\u00e9na do Francie, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0reakci na to u\u010dinila odvetn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed proti It\u00e1lii a nap\u0159\u00edklad zamezila vstup n\u011bkolika vlak\u016f z\u00a0It\u00e1lie na sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed a zavedla policejn\u00ed kontroly na spole\u010dn\u00fdch hranic\u00edch. V\u00a0dubnu 2011 It\u00e1lie spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0Franci\u00ed, v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0t\u011bmito ud\u00e1lostmi, po\u017e\u00e1daly Komisi o zm\u011bnu Schengensk\u00fdch pravidel. Ta s\u00a0t\u00edm vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila souhlas<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2011 p\u0159edstavila Komise nov\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy pravidel Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru pod souhrnn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem Schengen Governance Package<\/a>. Tento bal\u00ed\u010dek se skl\u00e1dal ze dvou n\u00e1vrh\u016f na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed se zab\u00fdval v\u00fdvojem nov\u00e9ho evalua\u010dn\u00edho a monitoruj\u00edc\u00edho mechanismu, jeho\u017e smyslem je kontrola toho, jak[1]<\/a> \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty aplikuj\u00ed Schengensk\u00fd aquis<\/i>. Druh\u00fd n\u00e1vrh m\u011bnil \u00fapravu podm\u00ednek, na z\u00e1klad\u011b kter\u00fdch je mo\u017en\u00e9 znovuobnovit kontroly na vnit\u0159n\u00edch hranic\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Tento n\u00e1vrh v\u0161ak nebyl ze strany Rady a n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kvitov\u00e1n. D\u016fvodem byla skute\u010dnost, \u017ee m\u011bnil p\u016fvodn\u00ed mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00fapravu, kter\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b nereflektovala za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed Schengensk\u00e9ho aquis<\/i> do struktur EU, na unijn\u00ed. T\u00edm by do\u0161lo ke zna\u010dn\u00e9mu omezen\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f ve prosp\u011bch Komise. Podle Rady tento n\u00e1vrh p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zasahoval do suverenity \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parlamenty m\u011bly za to, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh nen\u00ed v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1sadou subsidiarity. Nav\u00edc byl zpochybn\u011bn i pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b m\u011bla b\u00fdt nov\u00e1 \u00faprava p\u0159ijata<\/a>. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto nesouhlasn\u00fdch reakc\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat boj o pravomoci odehr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se mezi vl\u00e1dami \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a Komis\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po dvou letech vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi institucemi, zejm\u00e9na Radou a Evropsk\u00fdm parlamentem, pro\u0161el Schengen Governance Package ur\u010dit\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami. Cel\u00fd proces trval takovou dobu zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0d\u016fvodu neust\u00e1l\u00fdch spor\u016f<\/a> mezi Komis\u00ed, Radou a Parlamentem. V\u00fdsledkem byl bal\u00ed\u010dek, kter\u00fd podstatn\u011b m\u011bnil schengensk\u00e1 pravidla, kter\u00e1 jsou upravena kodexem Schengensk\u00fdch hranic a Schengensk\u00fdm hodnot\u00edc\u00edm syst\u00e9mem. Tato nov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed jasn\u011bji stanovuj\u00ed podm\u00ednky, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b mohou \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty prov\u00e1d\u011bt hrani\u010dn\u00ed kontroly uvnit\u0159 Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru. P\u0159ijat\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed budou nav\u00edc p\u0159\u00edmo aplikovateln\u00e1 ve v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Ob\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti bal\u00ed\u010dku jsou zalo\u017eeny na kombinaci mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed a komunit\u00e1rn\u00ed metody. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b je zde patrn\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed role evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech<\/a> p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 nad mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem.<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem bal\u00ed\u010dku je zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost kontroly hranic v\u00a0Schengensk\u00e9m prostoru. Tento bal\u00ed\u010dek vyjas\u0148uje pravidla, na z\u00e1klad\u011b kter\u00fdch lze znovuzav\u00e9st hrani\u010dn\u00ed kontroly v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku nebo vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je rozebrat nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 tento bal\u00ed\u010dek do schengensk\u00e9 legislativy p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Zmeny-v-oblasti-Schengenu_cover\"<\/a><\/p>\n

2. Kodex Schengensk\u00fdch hranic<\/h2>\n

Mo\u017enost znovuobnoven\u00ed kontrol na vnit\u0159n\u00edch hranic\u00edch je d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Schengensk\u00e9ho aquis<\/i>, nebo\u0165 p\u0159edstavuje vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed suverenity jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Tato mo\u017enost byla obsa\u017eena ji\u017e v Schengensk\u00e9 smlouv\u011b z\u00a0roku 1990. \u00da\u010dinnost\u00ed Amsterodamsk\u00e9 smlouvy se stal Schengensk\u00fd aquis<\/i> sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u00e1va EU a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm p\u0159ijet\u00edm kodexu Schengensk\u00fdch hranic z\u00edskala EU mo\u017enost stanovit podm\u00ednky znovuobnoven\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00edch kontrol. Kodex stanovil podrobn\u00e1 pravidla pro znovuzaveden\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00edch kontrol, proces jejich zaveden\u00ed a tak\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, na z\u00e1klad\u011b kter\u00fdch mohou \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty trv\u00e1n\u00ed kontrol prodlou\u017eit. Nov\u00fd n\u00e1vrh kodexu do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry tato ustanoven\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

I. Zm\u011bna p\u016fvodn\u00edch pravidel pro znovuzaveden\u00ed kontrol<\/strong><\/h3>\n

A. Podm\u00ednky pro znovuzaveden\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00edch kontrol<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u010cl. 23 Schengensk\u00e9ho kodexu stanovuje obecn\u00fd r\u00e1mec pro znovuzaveden\u00ed kontrol na vnit\u0159n\u00edch hranic\u00edch a zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u016fvodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro zaveden\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00edch kontrol, kter\u00fdmi jsou v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku nebo vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. D\u00e1le v\u0161ak stanov\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Nov\u00e1 \u00faprava v\u00fdslovn\u011b stanov\u00ed, \u017ee kontroly lze zav\u00e9st i pouze na \u010d\u00e1sti vnit\u0159n\u00ed hranice. D\u00e1le kodex nov\u011b upravuje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lku, po kterou mohou kontroly trvat. U pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch kontrol nesm\u00ed sice doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es\u00e1hnout p\u016fvodn\u00edch 30 dn\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b ji lze opakovan\u011b prodlu\u017eovat o stejnou dobu, a to a\u017e do maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lky \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Tento limit p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u00faprava neobsahovala. Rozsah a trv\u00e1n\u00ed kontrol na vnit\u0159n\u00edch hranic\u00edch nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e je nezbytn\u011b nutn\u00e9 v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0existuj\u00edc\u00ed hrozbou. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nal\u00e9hav\u00fdch situac\u00ed mohou kontroly trvat 10 dn\u00ed a s\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm prodlou\u017een\u00edm a\u017e dva m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n

Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tak\u00e9 nov\u011b stanov\u00ed, \u017ee hrani\u010dn\u00ed kontrola m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zavedena jen jako posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost, tedy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy\u017e jin\u00e9 prost\u0159edky neposta\u010duj\u00ed. Aby \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t zjistil, zda se jedn\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u011b o takovou situaci, mus\u00ed nejprve zhodnotit nezbytnost a proporcionalitu pro zaveden\u00ed kontrol. \u010cl. 23a stanov\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1t mus\u00ed zhodnotit, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ijat\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u011b napravit hrozbu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu po\u0159\u00e1dku nebo vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a posoudit tak\u00e9 proporcionalitu opat\u0159en\u00ed ve vztahu k\u00a0hrozb\u011b. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci tohoto hodnocen\u00ed mus\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t vz\u00edt v\u00a0potaz mo\u017en\u00fd dopad hrozby na ve\u0159ejn\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek nebo vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a mo\u017en\u00fd dopad znovuzaveden\u00ed kontrol na voln\u00fd pohyb osob v\u00a0Schengensk\u00e9m prostoru.<\/p>\n

Zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 \u0159e\u010deno, \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mus\u00ed hledat rovnov\u00e1hu mezi voln\u00fdm pohybem osob na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b a bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed na stran\u011b druh\u00e9. Nejprve je tedy t\u0159eba vyu\u017e\u00edt m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi by bylo mohlo dos\u00e1hnout nap\u0159\u00edklad ochrany ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku, ne\u017e je op\u011btovn\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00edch kontrol. Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 upozornit na to, \u017ee podle preambule na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0judikaturou Soudn\u00edho dvora EU (SDEU), je pot\u0159eba v\u0161echna omezen\u00ed voln\u00e9ho pohybu osob interpretovat co nejstriktn\u011bji. Preambule d\u00e1le stanov\u00ed, \u017ee nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro ve\u0159ejn\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 existenci skute\u010dn\u00e9, existuj\u00edc\u00ed a dostate\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 hrozby t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00edho z\u00e1jmu spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

B. Proces pro znovuzaveden\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00edch kontrol<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Novelou do\u0161lo i k\u00a0\u00faprav\u011b povinnost\u00ed st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd hodl\u00e1 kontroly na hranic\u00edch zav\u00e9st ve vztahu k\u00a0ostatn\u00edm \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm. P\u016fvodn\u011b m\u011bl st\u00e1t povinnost informovat ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty ohledn\u011b d\u016fvod\u016f pro znovuobnoven\u00ed kontrol a sd\u011blit okolnosti, kter\u00e9 podle n\u011bj vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed hrozbu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu po\u0159\u00e1dku. Nov\u00fd text v\u0161ak nav\u00edc po st\u00e1tech po\u017eaduje poskytnut\u00ed v\u0161ech podstatn\u00fdch informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 detailn\u011b popisuj\u00ed okolnosti, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrozbu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu po\u0159\u00e1dku. Tato novinka tedy ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 st\u00e1tu, uva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmu o zaveden\u00ed kontrol, povinnost sd\u011blit v\u0161echny informace a ospravedlnit sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed. Tuto povinnost mus\u00ed st\u00e1t splnit nejpozd\u011bji dva t\u00fddny p\u0159ed zaveden\u00edm kontrol. Nad\u00e1le ji\u017e tedy nebude sta\u010dit stroh\u00fd odkaz na ud\u00e1lost, kter\u00e1 byla d\u016fvodem pro zaveden\u00ed kontrol. Komise m\u016f\u017ee nav\u00edc, pokud je to t\u0159eba, vy\u017e\u00e1dat si od st\u00e1tu dal\u0161\u00ed informace.<\/p>\n

\"image_01\"<\/a>
Zdroj: https:\/\/thumbs.dreamstime.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace mus\u00ed b\u00fdt podle \u010dl. 24 poskytnuty nejen Komisi a ostatn\u00edm \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, ale i Rad\u011b a Evropsk\u00e9mu parlamentu. Komise a \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se mohou tak\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159it k\u00a0pl\u00e1novan\u00e9mu znovuzaveden\u00ed kontrol. Komise m\u00e1 povinnost toto vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vydat, pokud m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee nen\u00ed spln\u011bn princip nezbytnosti a proporcionality.<\/p>\n

Informace poskytnut\u00e9 st\u00e1tem a zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed podl\u00e9haj\u00ed pot\u00e9 konzultaci. Fakultativn\u011b jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 i spole\u010dn\u00e9 sch\u016fze mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem uva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm o zaveden\u00ed kontrol a ostatn\u00edmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a Komis\u00ed. Nad\u00e1le tedy \u00fa\u010dast t\u0159et\u00edch stran v\u00a0procesu nebude p\u0159edstavov\u00e1na jen neform\u00e1ln\u00edmi rozhovory, ale m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech prob\u00edhat formou setk\u00e1n\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch bude moci ka\u017ed\u00e1 strana posoudit nezbytnost a proporcionalitu zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Komise a \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty maj\u00ed nyn\u00ed nav\u00edc mo\u017enost povolat \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd chce obnovit kontroly, p\u0159ed SDEU nap\u0159\u00edklad pro nespln\u011bn\u00ed krit\u00e9ri\u00ed nezbytnosti a proporcionality.<\/p>\n

II. Nov\u00e1 \u00faprava mo\u017enosti znovuzaveden\u00ed kontrol<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u010cl. 26 zavedl novou mo\u017enost znovuzaveden\u00ed do\u010dasn\u00fdch kontrol na vnit\u0159n\u00edch hranic\u00edch, a to za v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed, kdy jde o celkov\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b u\u017e se tedy nejedn\u00e1 o ochranu individu\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Tato procedura je specifick\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed o zaveden\u00ed kontrol je \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem p\u0159ijato na doporu\u010den\u00ed Rady a n\u00e1vrh Rad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edlo\u017eit Komise. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tedy po\u010d\u00e1tek procedury nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u016fli \u010dlensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, ale na v\u016fli Rady. Rada tak ale m\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout a\u017e v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ohro\u017een\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f v\u00a0Schengensk\u00e9m prostoru, kdy nelze probl\u00e9m napravit jin\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky nebo jsou tyto prost\u0159edky neefektivn\u00ed (nap\u0159. zaveden\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 hrani\u010dn\u00ed ostrahy podle \u010dl. 19a). V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee st\u00e1t nevyhov\u00ed, mus\u00ed bezodkladn\u011b sd\u011blit d\u016fvody Komisi. Ta pak tyto skute\u010dnosti sd\u011bl\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b Evropsk\u00e9mu parlamentu a Rad\u011b. V\u00a0t\u00e9to zpr\u00e1v\u011b Komise zhodnot\u00ed d\u016fvody uveden\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem a d\u016fsledky pro ochranu spole\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f v\u00a0Schengensk\u00e9m prostoru.<\/p>\n

\u010cl. 26 kodexu stanov\u00ed d\u00e1le podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee Rada doporu\u010dit st\u00e1tu nebo st\u00e1t\u016fm znovuzaveden\u00ed kontrol. M\u016f\u017ee tak u\u010dinit v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b naskytnut\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed, kdy jde o celkov\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru d\u016fsledkem z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch a trval\u00fdch nedostatk\u016f vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se ke kontrol\u00e1m extern\u00edch hranic (nap\u0159. st\u00e1t nedok\u00e1\u017ee dostate\u010dn\u011b chr\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 hranice) Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru. Dal\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednkou je, aby zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 okolnosti p\u0159edstavovaly z\u00e1va\u017enou hrozbu pro ve\u0159ejn\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek nebo vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost v\u00a0Schengensk\u00e9m prostoru nebo jeho \u010d\u00e1sti. Zde je nutn\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od prvn\u00edho zp\u016fsobu zaveden\u00ed kontrol, kde je podm\u00ednkou hrozba n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu po\u0159\u00e1dku nebo vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, se v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jedn\u00e1 o ve\u0159ejn\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek nebo vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost cel\u00e9ho Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 kontroly mohou pak trvat nanejv\u00fd\u0161 \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Del\u0161\u00ed trv\u00e1n\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b. \u010cl. 26a nav\u00edc stanov\u00ed, \u017ee Rada mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 zhodnotit, jestli znovuzaveden\u00ed kontrol m\u016f\u017ee hrozbu odvr\u00e1tit a jestli je proporcion\u00e1ln\u00ed ve vztahu k\u00a0hrozb\u011b. \u00a0Ot\u00e1zkou v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, zda je v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00e9, aby v\u0161echny podm\u00ednky pro tuto proceduru byly najednou spln\u011bny.<\/p>\n

Jak novelizace p\u016fvodn\u00ed procedury, tak zaveden\u00ed nov\u00e9 procedury, reflektuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed komunitarizaci schengensk\u00e9 legislativy, kter\u00e1 je reflektov\u00e1na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zapojen\u00edm evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd vliv t\u011bchto instituc\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat i v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nov\u00e9 \u00fapravy Schengensk\u00e9ho evalua\u010dn\u00edho mechanismu.<\/p>\n

3. Schengensk\u00fd evalua\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus<\/h2>\n

Evalua\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus je podstatn\u00fd pro \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru a jeho legislativy. Tento syst\u00e9m vznikl v\u00a0roce 1998 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci schengensk\u00e9 mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ve sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed podob\u011b tento mechanismus nijak nereflektoval za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru do struktur Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu p\u0159evl\u00e1daly v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti principy mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a velk\u00fd vliv na evalua\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus tak m\u011bli p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 2010 p\u0159edstavila Evropsk\u00e1 Komise n\u00e1vrh, podle kter\u00e9ho m\u011bla b\u00fdt pr\u00e1v\u011b ona odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za aplikaci evalua\u010dn\u00edho mechanismu a m\u00edt tak pravomoc d\u00e1vat doporu\u010den\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdm \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016f. N\u00e1vrh Komise se v\u0161ak v\u00a0tomto sm\u011bru uk\u00e1zal jako problematick\u00fd a \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty si sv\u016fj vliv v\u00a0evalua\u010dn\u00edm mechanismu necht\u011bly nechat vz\u00edt. Kone\u010dn\u00fd text tedy v\u00edce roli Komise a \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f vyva\u017euje.<\/p>\n

Podle n\u011bj jsou Komise a \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty spole\u010dn\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za implementaci hodnot\u00edc\u00edho a monitoruj\u00edc\u00edho mechanismu.\u00a0 Komise m\u00e1 tedy v\u00edce pravomoc\u00ed ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve a je nap\u0159\u00edklad zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpravu hodnocen\u00ed v\u00a0evalua\u010dn\u00edm procesu a za p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed hodnot\u00edc\u00edch zpr\u00e1v. Rada m\u00e1 zase pravomoc navrhovat opravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se jak\u00fdchkoli nedostatk\u016f zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch u hodnocen\u00e9ho \u010dlensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed aplikace schengensk\u00e9ho aquis <\/i>je pro \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty citlivou oblast\u00ed, a proto se sna\u017e\u00ed udr\u017eet si pro sebe kontrolu nad t\u00edmto procesem. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, nov\u00e1 \u00faprava reflektuje v\u00edce komunitarizaci Schengensk\u00e9ho evalua\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. To je vid\u011bt v\u00a0tom, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00e1 schengensk\u00e1 evalua\u010dn\u00ed komise, z\u0159\u00edzena v\u00a0roce 1998 a skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z reprezentant\u016f \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, byla nov\u011b nahrazena Komis\u00ed a Radou. Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed element tak byl nahrazen evropsk\u00fdmi institucemi. Komise se nav\u00edc \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1ze evalua\u010dn\u00edho procesu a ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st procesu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1na Soudn\u00edm dvorem EU, Evropsk\u00fdm parlamentem a n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi parlamenty.<\/p>\n

I. Rozsah evaluace<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Evalua\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus ov\u011b\u0159uje aplikaci Schengensk\u00e9ho aquis<\/i> a tak\u00e9 to, zda jsou spln\u011bny nezbytn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro aplikaci Schengensk\u00fdch na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco prvn\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 aplikac\u00ed pravidel \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dleny Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru, druh\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 hodnocen\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro kandid\u00e1tsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. D\u00e1le je stanoveno, \u017ee hodnocen\u00ed pro vstup do Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru podle nov\u00e9 \u00fapravy se net\u00fdk\u00e1 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, jejich\u017e hodnocen\u00ed ji\u017e bylo ukon\u010deno p\u0159ed \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed nov\u00e9ho na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tedy nap\u0159\u00edklad Rumunska a Bulharska.<\/p>\n

\"image_02\"<\/a>
Zdroj: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schengen_Area<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rozsah hodnocen\u00ed a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje podle bodu 13 Preambule v\u0161echny aspekty Schengensk\u00e9ho aquis. <\/i>Rozsah je d\u00e1le konkretizov\u00e1n v\u00a0\u010dl. 4 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a t\u00fdk\u00e1 se krom\u011b hodnocen\u00ed extern\u00edch hranic a absence vnit\u0159n\u00edch hranic i dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Rozsah hodnocen\u00ed tak zahrnuje i aplikaci doprovodn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed jak\u00fdmi jsou nap\u0159. v\u00edzov\u00e1 politika, Schengensk\u00fd infoma\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, ochrana \u00fadaj\u016f, policejn\u00ed nebo soudn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce v\u00a0trestn\u00edch v\u011bcech. Rozsah evaluace je tedy pom\u011brn\u011b \u0161irok\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Preambule obsahuje v\u00fdslovn\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed o ochran\u011b lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, kdy\u017e v\u00fdslovn\u011b stanov\u00ed, \u017ee evaluace by se m\u011bla t\u00fdkat tak\u00e9 toho, zda aplikace Schengensk\u00e9ho aquis<\/i> respektuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Nav\u00edc dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se b\u011bhem evaluace mus\u00ed br\u00e1t zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ohled na respektov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n

II. Zp\u016fsoby evaluace<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u010cl. 4 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stanov\u00ed typy hodnocen\u00ed a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezi tyto zp\u016fsoby pat\u0159\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dotazn\u00edk\u016f a inspekc\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt i neohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9. Cel\u00fd evalua\u010dn\u00ed program je upraven na v\u00edcelet\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0p\u011btilet\u00fdch obdob\u00edch, kter\u00e1 ur\u010d\u00ed Komise po konzultaci s\u00a0Frontexem<\/a> a Europolem<\/a>. Program stanov\u00ed, v\u00a0jak\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed budou jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b hodnoceny, a \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t mus\u00ed b\u00fdt evaluov\u00e1n alespo\u0148 jednou za p\u011bt let. Komise d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00ed i ro\u010dn\u00ed evalua\u010dn\u00ed programy na z\u00e1klad\u011b rizikov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy poskytnut\u00e9 Frontexem.<\/p>\n

Tyto programy obsahuj\u00ed prozat\u00edmn\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd program inspekc\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b a seznam \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tu, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt hodnoceny. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se hodnocen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159uje jen na specifickou oblast Schengensk\u00e9ho aquis<\/i>, obsahuj\u00ed tyto programy i n\u00e1vrhy oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt hodnoceny v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm \u010dlensk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b.<\/i> V\u00edcelet\u00fd program tak\u00e9 obsahuje neve\u0159ejnou sekci, kter\u00e1 obsahuje seznam neozn\u00e1men\u00fdch inspekc\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b.<\/p>\n

Oproti star\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b zde tedy p\u0159ibyly neohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 inspekce na m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00ed efektivitu evaluac\u00ed a jsou znakem vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011bry mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Je zde ov\u0161em nutn\u00e9 rozli\u0161ovat to, zda se inspekce t\u00fdk\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00edch nebo vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hranic. Zat\u00edmco kontroly vnit\u0159n\u00edch hranic se \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm neoznamuj\u00ed p\u0159edem nikdy, u kontroly vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hranic tomu tak nen\u00ed a absolutn\u00ed utajen\u00ed tak neplat\u00ed. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ohledn\u011b vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hranic stanov\u00ed, \u017ee detailn\u00ed program inspekc\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00fd ur\u010duje Komise, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ozn\u00e1men st\u00e1tu, o n\u011bj\u017e se jedn\u00e1, minim\u00e1ln\u011b 24 hodin p\u0159edem. To tedy znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se st\u00e1t m\u016f\u017ee o inspekci dozv\u011bd\u011bt n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed p\u0159edem a tajn\u00e1 inspekce pak m\u016f\u017ee ztratit smysl<\/a>. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed d\u00e1le stanov\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1rodn\u00ed experti, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed neozn\u00e1men\u00e9 inspekce, jsou o sv\u00e9m jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed informov\u00e1ni alespo\u0148 11 dn\u00ed p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e kontrola prob\u011bhne. Hroz\u00ed tedy mo\u017en\u00fd \u00fanik informac\u00ed o neohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 inspekci.<\/p>\n

III. V\u00fdsledky evaluace<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u00fdsledky evaluace, a\u0165 u\u017e prob\u011bhla formou dotazn\u00edk\u016f nebo inspekc\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b, maj\u00ed podobu zpr\u00e1v zpracovan\u00fdch odborn\u00edky z\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a z\u00e1stupc\u016f Komise. Tyto zpr\u00e1vy obsahuj\u00ed seznam poznatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly zji\u0161t\u011bny v\u00a0r\u00e1mci evaluace a mohou b\u00fdt ozna\u010deny jako \u201evyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c, \u201evyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed ale zlep\u0161en\u00ed jsou nutn\u00e1\u201c nebo \u201enevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrh v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy je nejd\u0159\u00edve postoupen hodnocen\u00e9mu \u010dlensk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd se k\u00a0n\u011bmu m\u016f\u017ee vyj\u00e1d\u0159it. Tato vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed pak mohou b\u00fdt do zpr\u00e1vy zahrnuta. Zpr\u00e1va s\u00a0p\u0159ipom\u00ednkami je pot\u00e9 zasl\u00e1na ostatn\u00edm \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se k\u00a0n\u00ed tak\u00e9 mohou vyj\u00e1d\u0159it. Komise nakonec sestav\u00ed a schv\u00e1l\u00ed kone\u010dnou podobu hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy jsou i doporu\u010den\u00ed opravn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se ke zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm nedostatk\u016fm. Komise m\u016f\u017ee pot\u00e9 n\u00e1vrh p\u0159edlo\u017eit Rad\u011b, aby kvalifikovanou v\u011bt\u0161inou schv\u00e1lila zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed. Rada po schv\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed tato doporu\u010den\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9mu parlamentu a n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parlament\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Doporu\u010den\u00ed po\u017eaduj\u00ed po \u010dlensk\u00e9m st\u00e1tu, aby ve stanoven\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m \u00faseku, kter\u00fd je p\u0159izp\u016fsoben v\u00e1\u017enosti situace, p\u0159ijal ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch nedostatk\u016f. Tento \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t m\u00e1 nav\u00edc povinnost pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 informovat ohledn\u011b implementace ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch nedostatk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee Komise prov\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed inspek\u010dn\u00ed kontroly na m\u00edst\u011b.\u00a0 Pokud nedostatky p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed tak hrozbu pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed procesu znovuzaveden\u00ed kontrol na vnit\u0159n\u00edch hranic\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Nova \u00faprava tedy poskytuje procesu evaluace n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 dostate\u010dn\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se se zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi nedostatky a mohou v\u00a0krajn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u00e9st i ke znovuzaveden\u00ed kontrol na vnit\u0159n\u00edch hranic\u00edch. Ji\u017e samotn\u00e1 hrozba zaveden\u00ed kontrol m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat dostate\u010dn\u00fd politick\u00fd tlak na ten kter\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t. Tento tlak je zes\u00edlen i skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee Komise m\u00e1 povinnost informovat Evropsk\u00fd parlament a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parlamenty ve v\u0161ech f\u00e1z\u00edch evaluace.<\/p>\n

4. Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

\u00a0Schengen Governance Package p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b podstatn\u00e9 zm\u011bny do schengensk\u00e9 legislativy. Prvn\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 Kodexu Schengensk\u00fdch hranic, kter\u00fd na jednu stranu stanov\u00ed detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro znovuzaveden\u00ed kontroly hranic ze strany \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a na druhou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob znovuzaveden\u00ed kontrol, ve kter\u00e9m hraj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roli unijn\u00ed instituce. V\u00a0tomto druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsou v\u0161ak pro znovuzaveden\u00ed velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou, zda mohou b\u00fdt re\u00e1ln\u011b napln\u011bny. Druh\u00e1 zm\u011bna spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0novelizaci Schengensk\u00e9ho evalua\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd mnohem detailn\u011bji stanov\u00ed postup cel\u00e9ho procesu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zav\u00e1d\u00ed mo\u017enost neohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch inspekc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tuto proceduru zna\u010dn\u011b zefektiv\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bna dosavadn\u00edch pravidel schengensk\u00e9 legislativy je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee znovuzaveden\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00edch kontrol i syst\u00e9m evaluace p\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed s\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed omezen\u00ed voln\u00e9ho pohybu osob, kter\u00fd je jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1klad\u016f vnit\u0159n\u00edho trhu EU. P\u0159esn\u00e1 pravidla jsou v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 k\u00a0tomu, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0omezov\u00e1n\u00ed voln\u00e9ho pohybu v\u00a0Schengensk\u00e9m prostoru na z\u00e1klad\u011b nacionalistick\u00fdch \u010di populistick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. Pln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto pravidel m\u00e1 proto b\u00fdt nad\u00e1le v\u00a0rukou jak unijn\u00edch, tak n\u00e1rodn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Umocn\u011bn\u00e1 role unijn\u00edch instituc\u00ed m\u00e1 zabra\u0148ovat pr\u00e1v\u011b tomu, aby k\u00a0omezen\u00ed voln\u00e9ho pohybu doch\u00e1zelo pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f. M\u00e1 tak mimo jin\u00e9 doj\u00edt k\u00a0zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu situac\u00ed, podobn\u00fdch t\u00e9, ke kter\u00e9 do\u0161lo v\u00a0roce 2011 mezi Franci\u00ed a It\u00e1li\u00ed, a kter\u00e1 odstartovala zm\u011bny v\u00a0schengensk\u00e9m aquis.<\/i><\/p>\n

Cel\u00fd dokument je k dispozici zde<\/a><\/strong> ve form\u00e1tu pdf.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"KopalD_foto\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Autor David Kopal p\u016fsob\u00ed jako st\u00e1\u017eista specialista v think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Think-tank Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 odborn\u00fd podklad, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje pozad\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj legislativn\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku pro oblast Schengenu tzv. “Schengen Governance Package”. Autorem je David Kopal, st\u00e1\u017eista analytick\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty. Dokument si m\u016f\u017eete ve form\u00e1tu PDF st\u00e1hnout ZDE.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-releases"],"yoast_head":"\nZm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Think-tank Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 odborn\u00fd podklad, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje pozad\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj legislativn\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku pro oblast Schengenu tzv. “Schengen Governance Package”. Autorem je David Kopal, st\u00e1\u017eista analytick\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty. Dokument si m\u016f\u017eete ve form\u00e1tu PDF st\u00e1hnout ZDE.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-06-18T00:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-12-16T10:32:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1047\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"unicornsarereal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"unicornsarereal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"20 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"unicornsarereal\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/85c51e5d596f5218a05416643bad4a07\"},\"headline\":\"Zm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-06-18T00:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-16T10:32:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":4010,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Press Releases\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/\",\"name\":\"Zm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu - European Values Center for Security Policy\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-06-18T00:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-16T10:32:57+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1047},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\u016f\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Zm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"European Values Center for Security Policy\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"European Values Center for Security Policy\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/logo-horse.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/logo-horse.svg\",\"caption\":\"European Values Center for Security Policy\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/85c51e5d596f5218a05416643bad4a07\",\"name\":\"unicornsarereal\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/078d42ada0e50e4e21a57fac5d70936f752cf74334eeaad3b51874e7c2e69e33?s=96&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/078d42ada0e50e4e21a57fac5d70936f752cf74334eeaad3b51874e7c2e69e33?s=96&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/078d42ada0e50e4e21a57fac5d70936f752cf74334eeaad3b51874e7c2e69e33?s=96&r=g\",\"caption\":\"unicornsarereal\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/europeanvalues.cz\\\/cs\\\/author\\\/unicornsarereal\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Zm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu - European Values Center for Security Policy","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Zm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu - European Values Center for Security Policy","og_description":"Think-tank Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 odborn\u00fd podklad, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje pozad\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj legislativn\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku pro oblast Schengenu tzv. “Schengen Governance Package”. Autorem je David Kopal, st\u00e1\u017eista analytick\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu think-tanku Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty. Dokument si m\u016f\u017eete ve form\u00e1tu PDF st\u00e1hnout ZDE.","og_url":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/","og_site_name":"European Values Center for Security Policy","article_published_time":"2014-06-18T00:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-12-16T10:32:57+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1047,"url":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"unicornsarereal","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napsal(a)":"unicornsarereal","Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"20 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/"},"author":{"name":"unicornsarereal","@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/85c51e5d596f5218a05416643bad4a07"},"headline":"Zm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu","datePublished":"2014-06-18T00:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-12-16T10:32:57+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/"},"wordCount":4010,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg","articleSection":["Press Releases"],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/","url":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/","name":"Zm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu - European Values Center for Security Policy","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2014-06-18T00:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-12-16T10:32:57+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-felix-mittermeier-1269805-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1047},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/zmeny-v-oblasti-schengenu\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Dom\u016f","item":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Zm\u011bny v oblasti Schengenu"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/","name":"European Values Center for Security Policy","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/#organization","name":"European Values Center for Security Policy","url":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/logo-horse.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/logo-horse.svg","caption":"European Values Center for Security Policy"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/85c51e5d596f5218a05416643bad4a07","name":"unicornsarereal","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/078d42ada0e50e4e21a57fac5d70936f752cf74334eeaad3b51874e7c2e69e33?s=96&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/078d42ada0e50e4e21a57fac5d70936f752cf74334eeaad3b51874e7c2e69e33?s=96&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/078d42ada0e50e4e21a57fac5d70936f752cf74334eeaad3b51874e7c2e69e33?s=96&r=g","caption":"unicornsarereal"},"url":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/author\/unicornsarereal\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3020"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3020\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}