{"id":2981,"date":"2014-02-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-02-24T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/vybrane-aspekty-energeticke-politiky-eu\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:31:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:31:41","slug":"vybrane-aspekty-energeticke-politiky-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/vybrane-aspekty-energeticke-politiky-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vybran\u00e9 aspekty energetick\u00e9 politiky EU"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Shrnut\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Energetick\u00e1 politika pat\u0159\u00ed do tzv. sd\u00edlen\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) a na jej\u00ed podob\u011b se tedy pod\u00edlej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty i samotn\u00e1 EU. Role unijn\u00edch instituc\u00ed je tak p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b koordina\u010dn\u00ed, p\u0159esto existuj\u00ed oblasti, ve kter\u00fdch mohou Rada EU a Evropsk\u00fd parlament (EP) na n\u00e1vrh Komise schvalovat pro \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vaznou legislativu.<!--more--> Jde nap\u0159\u00edklad o nezbytn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed zejm\u00e9na ve fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0oblasti, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed napomoci dos\u00e1hnout c\u00edl\u016f energetick\u00e9 politiky stanoven\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkem 194 Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy. Naopak nastaven\u00ed energetick\u00e9ho mixu, volbu dodavatel\u016f energie \u010di rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 politiky ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva v\u00a0pravomoci n\u00e1rodn\u00edch vl\u00e1d, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje odli\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Proto nap\u0159. Francie je z\u00e1sobov\u00e1na zejm\u00e9na jadernou energi\u00ed, N\u011bmecko prosazuje cestu obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a v\u011bt\u0161ina st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy je z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nad\u00e1le z\u00e1visl\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na uhl\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>V \u010dele Gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editelstv\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise pro energetiku stoj\u00ed Francouz Dominique Ristori a evropsk\u00fdm komisa\u0159em pro energetiku je N\u011bmec\u00a0G\u00fcnther H. Oettinger. C\u00edlem Evropsk\u00e9 komise pro energetiku je skrze rozvoj a implementaci inovativn\u00edch politik p\u0159isp\u011bt jednak k\u00a0formov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho trhu a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed energie za dostupn\u00e9 a konkurenceschopn\u00e9 ceny, d\u00e1le k\u00a0podpo\u0159e udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, p\u0159epravy a spot\u0159eby energie za sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho respektov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f stanoven\u00fdch do roku 2020 v\u010detn\u011b c\u00edl\u016f sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, a v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky energie a podporu solidarity mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 tyto \u010dinnosti vyv\u00edj\u00ed Komise za podpory V\u00fdkonn\u00e9 agentury pro konkurenceschopnost a inovace (EACI), Z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed agentury EURATOM (ESA) a Agentury pro spolupr\u00e1ci energetick\u00fdch regula\u010dn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f (ACER).<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn1\"><sup><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>V\u00a0EP se energetikou zab\u00fdv\u00e1 V\u00fdbor pro pr\u016fmysl, v\u00fdzkum a energetiku (ITRE), jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je pomoci Evrop\u011b vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se s nedostatky v oblasti energetiky. To znamen\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad zajistit dod\u00e1vky energie pro ob\u010dany a pr\u016fmysl a zachovat jejich finan\u010dn\u00ed dostupnost, zlep\u0161ovat energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie a sni\u017eovat emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. P\u0159edsedkyn\u00ed v\u00fdboru je italsk\u00e1 poslankyn\u011b EP Amalia Sartori zastupuj\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0 poslaneck\u00fd klub Evropsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 strany. Jedn\u00edm z m\u00edstop\u0159edsedu v\u00fdboru je i Ev\u017een To\u0161enovsk\u00fd z\u00a0ODS, \u010dleny v\u00fdboru za \u010ceskou republiku jsou Jan B\u0159ezina (KDU-\u010cSL) a Miroslav Ransdorf (KS\u010cM) a n\u00e1hradn\u00edky V\u011bra Flasarov\u00e1 (KS\u010cM) a Pavel Poc (\u010cSSD).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Rada pro dopravu, telekomunikace a energetiku (TTE) se ve slo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1stupc\u016f \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f pro energetiku sch\u00e1z\u00ed zpravidla jednou za dva m\u011bs\u00edce, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010ceskou republiku obvykle reprezentuje ministr pr\u016fmyslu a obchodu. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci Rady se sch\u00e1zej\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed odborn\u00edci tak\u00e9 v Pracovn\u00ed skupin\u011b pro energetiku a Pracovn\u00ed skupin\u011b pro jadern\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Postoje jednotliv\u00fdch poslaneck\u00fdch frakc\u00ed jsou zna\u010dn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9. Od zast\u00e1nc\u016f p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f p\u0159es tich\u00fd souhlas se objevuj\u00ed i n\u00e1zory radik\u00e1ln\u00edho odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed energetick\u00e9 politiky a klimatick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00davod<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty EU se mus\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1vat s\u00a0v\u00fdzvami, jako jsou klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, rostouc\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch energie, rostouc\u00ed n\u00e1roky na zdroje energie a pot\u0159ebu zajistit udr\u017eitelnou, cenov\u011b dostupnou a bezpe\u010dnou energii pro ve\u0161ker\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitele. Proto zavedla EU rozs\u00e1hlou energetickou politiku, kter\u00e1 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 cel\u00e9 spektrum energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f od fosiln\u00edch paliv (ropa, zemn\u00ed plyn a uhl\u00ed) p\u0159es jadernou energii po obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje (sol\u00e1rn\u00ed, v\u011btrn\u00e1, vodn\u00ed, geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edlivov\u00e1 energie a energie z biomasy).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A\u010dkoli energetick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky prov\u00e1z\u00ed EU a Evropsk\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed ji\u017e od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku, energetiku jako samostatnou politiku poprv\u00e9 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zmi\u0148uje a smluvn\u011b zakotvuje a\u017e Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva ve \u010dl\u00e1nku 194 Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed EU. Za c\u00edl si klade za pomoci tr\u017en\u00edch a finan\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f (p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b dan\u00ed, dotac\u00ed a syst\u00e9m obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0emisemi CO<sup>2<\/sup>) a rozvoje technologi\u00ed (hlavn\u011b technologie energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti a obnoviteln\u00e9 nebo n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00e9 energie) zajistit zejm\u00e9na bezpe\u010dnost energetick\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek ve \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, podporovat propojov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, podporovat vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch a konkurenceschopn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a zvy\u0161ovat energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost a \u00faspory energie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mimo ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec EU se v\u0161ak energetick\u00e1 politika vyv\u00edjela ji\u017e od zalo\u017een\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed uhl\u00ed a oceli na za\u010d\u00e1tku 50. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e spole\u010dn\u00fd dohled nad uhl\u00edm jako energetickou surovinou tolik pot\u0159ebnou pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst z\u00e1rove\u0148 pom\u00e1hal zajistit m\u00edr v pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Z\u00e1hy n\u00e1sledovalo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed i Evropsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed pro atomovou energii, kter\u00e9 dostalo pod spole\u010dn\u00fd dohled i energii z\u00a0j\u00e1dra. V\u00a0roce 1986 polo\u017eila z\u00e1klady spole\u010dn\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 politice rezoluce ministr\u016f Spole\u010denstv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 stanovila obecn\u00e9 c\u00edle pro energetickou politiku do roku 1995. V prosinci 1995 n\u00e1sledovala B\u00edl\u00e1 kniha Evropsk\u00e9 komise (Energetick\u00e1 politika pro EU)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn2\">[2]<\/a>, kter\u00e1 pojedn\u00e1vala o integraci trhu a zam\u011b\u0159ila se zejm\u00e9na na oblast konkurenceschopnosti, spolehlivosti dod\u00e1vek a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Zelenou knihu Evropsk\u00e9 komise (Evropsk\u00e1 strategie pro udr\u017eitelnou, konkurenceschopnou a bezpe\u010dnou energii)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn3\">[3]<\/a> z roku 2006 lze pova\u017eovat za dal\u0161\u00ed impuls pro vznik spole\u010dn\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 politiky. Zelen\u00e1 kniha vedla k p\u0159ijet\u00ed dvou z\u00e1sadn\u00edch legislativn\u00edch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f \u2013 tzv. T\u0159et\u00edho liberaliza\u010dn\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn4\">[4]<\/a> a Klimaticko-energetick\u00e9ho bal\u00ed\u010dku.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u00e1sledovaly i dal\u0161\u00ed iniciativy s\u00a0c\u00edlem dosa\u017een\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed energie v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00edho celoevropsk\u00e9ho integrovan\u00e9ho trhu s\u00a0energi\u00ed, pos\u00edlen\u00ed postaven\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u016f a dosa\u017een\u00ed co nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti a zabezpe\u010den\u00ed dod\u00e1vek energie. Dal\u0161\u00ed c\u00edle od pos\u00edlen\u00ed vedouc\u00edho postaven\u00ed Evropy v\u00a0oblasti energetick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a inovac\u00ed p\u0159es upevn\u011bn\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho rozm\u011bru energetick\u00e9ho trhu EU a iniciativy k\u00a0urychlen\u00ed v\u00fdstavby po modernizaci evropsk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 infrastruktury (a\u0165 ji\u017e pro p\u0159epravu a skladov\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny, zemn\u00edho plynu a ropy, pro zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti nebo pro infrastrukturu k\u00a0nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0oxidem uhli\u010dit\u00fdm a dal\u0161\u00edmi sklen\u00edkov\u00fdmi plyny) postupn\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdvali.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b Evropsk\u00e1 komise v\u00a0lednu 2014 p\u0159edlo\u017eila nov\u00fd n\u00e1vrh bal\u00ed\u010dku pro energetickou a klimatickou politiku s c\u00edli do roku 2030. Jeho c\u00edlem je snaha o p\u0159eklenut\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f s p\u0159\u00edli\u0161nou regulac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je na \u00fakor konkurenceschopnosti evropsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Z\u00a0t\u00e9to \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly oblast\u00ed, kter\u00fdch se evropsk\u00e1 energetika dot\u00fdk\u00e1, je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee problematika spole\u010dn\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 politiky je velmi komplexn\u00ed. \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se sna\u017e\u00ed implementovat p\u0159ijat\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky, nicm\u00e9n\u011b kv\u016fli\u00a0nedokon\u010den\u00e9mu jednotn\u00e9mu trhu s\u00a0plynem a elekt\u0159inou a kv\u016fli neust\u00e1l\u00fdm snah\u00e1m \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f o bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy s\u00a0dodavatelsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, m\u00e1 p\u0159ed sebou EU je\u0161t\u011b spoustu pr\u00e1ce na cest\u011b ke spole\u010dn\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 politice. Tento podklad si neklade za c\u00edl postihnout celou oblast energetick\u00e9 politiky, ale bude zam\u011b\u0159en na poskytnut\u00ed informac\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti vymezen\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; J<i>ak lze o\u017eivit uhl\u00edkov\u00fd trh a reformovat evropsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m povolenek s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k nov\u00e9mu n\u00e1vrhu Komise?<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><i>&#8211; Je nutn\u00e9 pro soulad ochrany klimatu a energetick\u00e9 politiky stanovit z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 c\u00edle pro jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty? Existuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje (i legislativn\u00ed) k jejich dosa\u017een\u00ed?<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><i>&#8211; Jak lze p\u0159ekonat fragmentaci jednotn\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho trhu EU a za\u010dlenit obnoviteln\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 zdroje do flexibiln\u00edho, harmonizovan\u00e9ho a sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu?<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st podkladu se bude zab\u00fdvat z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi aspekty energetick\u00e9 politiky a rozd\u011blen\u00edm kompetenc\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a instituc\u00ed EU. Ve druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti bude pojedn\u00e1no o aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch energetick\u00e9 politiky a posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st podkladu zmapuje pozice poslaneck\u00fdch frakc\u00ed v\u00a0EP k\u00a0ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m spole\u010dn\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 politiky.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h2>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed aspekty energetick\u00e9 politiky, rozd\u011blen\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva, je\u017e vstoupila v\u00a0platnost 1. ledna 2009, \u0159ad\u00ed energetiku do tzv. sd\u00edlen\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn5\"><sup><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na jej\u00ed podob\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty i samotn\u00e1 Unie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e do vymezen\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed politiky a \u010dinnost\u00ed Unie, zejm\u00e9na s ohledem na podporu udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zahrnuty i po\u017eadavky na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn6\"><sup><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Ostatn\u011b, kapitola v\u011bnuj\u00edc\u00ed se \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed (Hlava XX Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed EU, d\u00e1le jen SFEU) symbolicky p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed kapitole o energetice (Hlava XXI SFEU). D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem unijn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 politiky je uplatn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sady solidarity mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e1 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud bude n\u011bkter\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t \u010delit v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm v oblasti z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed energi\u00ed, ostatn\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mu pomohou zajistit pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00edlem energetick\u00e9 politiky v Evropsk\u00e9 unii je:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">a) zajistit fungov\u00e1n\u00ed trhu s energi\u00ed;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">b) zajistit bezpe\u010dnost dod\u00e1vek energie v Unii;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">c) podporovat energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost a \u00faspory energie jako\u017e i rozvoj nov\u00fdch a obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie; a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">d) podporovat propojen\u00ed energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn7\"><sup><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 pod spole\u010dnou energetickou politiku i oblast jadern\u00e9 energetiky, kterou pokr\u00fdvala Smlouva Euratom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Evropsk\u00fd parlament a Rada EU rozhoduj\u00ed o p\u0159ijet\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm legislativn\u00edm postupem po konzultaci s\u00a0Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdborem a V\u00fdborem region\u016f za \u00fa\u010delem dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f energetick\u00e9 politiky. Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva nicm\u00e9n\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee podm\u00ednky pro vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, volba r\u016fzn\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a skladba energetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0pravomoci rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Pokud se jedn\u00e1 o opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci politiky \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje volbu \u010dlensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi energetick\u00fdmi zdroji nebo ovliv\u0148uje volbu skladby z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed energi\u00ed, pak rozhoduje Rada zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm legislativn\u00edm postupem po konzultaci s\u00a0EP, Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdborem a V\u00fdborem region\u016f jednomysln\u011b.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn8\"><sup><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> U opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti energetick\u00e9 politiky zejm\u00e9na fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed povahy rozhoduje Rada zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm legislativn\u00edm postupem jednomysln\u011b po konzultaci pouze s\u00a0Evropsk\u00fdm parlamentem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Za \u00fa\u010delem rozvoje vnit\u0159n\u00edho jednotn\u00e9ho trhu a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a \u00fazemn\u00ed soudru\u017enosti s\u00a0pln\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm v\u00fdhod vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch z vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed prostoru bez vnit\u0159n\u00edch hranic vymezuje EU<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn9\">[9]<\/a> skrze projekty spole\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu hlavn\u00ed sm\u011bry, c\u00edle, priority a hlavn\u00ed rysy opat\u0159en\u00ed pro rozvoj transevropsk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed mj. v\u00a0oblasti energetick\u00e9 infrastruktury. Unie t\u00e9\u017e m\u016f\u017ee podniknout kroky nezbytn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed interoperability s\u00edt\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0oblasti harmonizace technick\u00fdch norem, a m\u016f\u017ee podporovat projekty spole\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu jednak prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu jejich proveditelnosti \u010di podporou jejich financov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Evropsk\u00e1 komise m\u016f\u017ee poskytovat u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 podn\u011bty<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn10\"><sup><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> k\u00a0podpo\u0159e koordinace vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch politik mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, pokud tyto politiky maj\u00ed vliv na rozvoj vnit\u0159n\u00edho trhu a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a \u00fazemn\u00ed soudr\u017enosti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rada ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0Evropsk\u00fdm parlamentem a po konzultaci s Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdborem a V\u00fdborem region\u016f p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm legislativn\u00edm postupem hlavn\u00ed sm\u011bry v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch projekt\u016f spole\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu a dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pro rozvoj transevropsk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva d\u00e1le uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed sm\u011bry a projekty spole\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schv\u00e1leny t\u00edmto \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn11\"><sup><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mezi hlavn\u00ed instituce a agentury EU, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed spole\u010dnou energetickou politikou, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Evropsk\u00e1 komise &#8211; Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editelstv\u00ed pro energetiku<\/li>\n<li>Rada EU &#8211; Rada pro dopravu, telekomunikace a energetiku (TTE)<\/li>\n<li>Evropsk\u00fd parlament \u2013 V\u00fdbor pro pr\u016fmysl, v\u00fdzkum a energetiku (ITRE)<\/li>\n<li>Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdbor \u2013 sekce pro Dopravu, Energii, Infrastrukturu a Informa\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost (TEN)<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdbor region\u016f \u2013 komise pro \u017divotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zm\u011bny klimatu a energii (ENVE)<\/li>\n<li>Evropsk\u00e1 investi\u010dn\u00ed banka \u2013 program ELENA<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn12\">[12]<\/a> (Evropsk\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00ed energetick\u00e1 pomoc)<\/li>\n<li>Z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed agentura EURATOM<\/li>\n<li>Spole\u010dn\u00fd evropsk\u00fd podnik pro ITER a rozvoj energie z jadern\u00e9 f\u00faze<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 agentura pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h2>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.\u00a0\u00a0 Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my a mo\u017en\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.1 Nov\u00e9 c\u00edle do roku 2030 a reforma EU ETS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Evropsk\u00e1 komise v\u00a0lednu 2014 zve\u0159ejnila zpr\u00e1vu, podle kter\u00e9 jsou ceny energi\u00ed v\u00a0EU o mnoho vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jinde ve sv\u011bt\u011b. Cena elekt\u0159iny v\u00a0EU dosahuje dvojn\u00e1sobku oproti USA a cena zemn\u00edho plynu je dokonce 3-4 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0cenami v\u00a0USA \u010di Rusku. EU se tak dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do komparativn\u00ed nev\u00fdhody v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy chce nal\u00e1kat energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 investory.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn13\">[13]<\/a> Na vin\u011b je p\u0159itom nejen vysok\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost na dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch energetick\u00fdch surovin ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed (zejm\u00e9na z Norska, Al\u017e\u00edrska a Ruska), ale tak\u00e9 ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky p\u0159ijat\u00e9 nap\u0159. v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Energeticko-klimatick\u00e9ho bal\u00ed\u010dku \u010di evropsk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 strategie Evropa 2020 s\u00a0n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi z\u00e1vazn\u00fdmi c\u00edli v\u00a0oblasti energetiky a ochrany klimatu.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn14\">[14]<\/a> Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jak dos\u00e1hnout ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch cen energi\u00ed, je podpora rozvoji v\u00a0oblasti t\u011b\u017eby b\u0159idlicov\u00e9ho plynu v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed opatrnost p\u0159i schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f. Materi\u00e1l Komise tentokr\u00e1t ji\u017e re\u00e1ln\u011b konstatuje, \u017ee EU je st\u00e1le do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry industrializovan\u00e1, tud\u00ed\u017e i velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na spot\u0159ebu energie. P\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ani vyhl\u00eddky do budoucna nejsou pro evropskou energetiku p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Komise k\u00a0nov\u00fdm poznatk\u016fm navrhuje, aby se \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nam\u00edsto na z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 c\u00edle do roku 2020 soust\u0159edily na c\u00edl sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed CO2 do roku 2030, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed dos\u00e1hne, a\u0165 u\u017e skrze pos\u00edlen\u00ed pod\u00edlu obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie nebo skrze v\u00fdrobu energie z\u00a0j\u00e1dra, ponech\u00e1 Unie na rozhodnut\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ze \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Evropsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0emisn\u00edmi povolenkami (EU ETS) kv\u016fli d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed emisn\u00edch povolenek a jejich sou\u010dasn\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 cen\u011b nefunguje tak efektivn\u011b, jak se v\u00a0jeho n\u00e1vrhu po\u010d\u00edtalo. Proto Komise navrhuje zachovat aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pozastaven\u00ed vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed emisn\u00edch povolenek (tzv. backloading). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b zda toto opat\u0159en\u00ed bude spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm impulsem pro \u00fa\u010dinnost EU ETS, je ot\u00e1zkou. I s\u00a0omezen\u00edm emisn\u00edch povolenek jejich nad\u00e1le n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena nemotivuje k dlouhodob\u00fdm investic\u00edm do obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie, a tak \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed spln\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 c\u00edle do roku 2020.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Postoje poslaneck\u00fdch frakc\u00ed v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Frakce Evropsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 strany \u2013 EPP <\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Frakce Evropsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 strany nepodporuje n\u00e1vrh Komise na sta\u017een\u00ed 900 milion\u016f emisn\u00edch povolenek z\u00a0trhu (tzv. backloading) \u2013 trh je podle frakce t\u0159eba kompletn\u011b zrevidovat, nikoliv um\u011ble zvedat cenu uhl\u00edku na trhu. EU je podle EPP nyn\u00ed na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 cest\u011b ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed o 21% do roku 2020, \u010d\u00edm\u017e budou napln\u011bny c\u00edle strategie EU 2020. a Um\u011bl\u00e9 zvednut\u00ed cen energi\u00ed by p\u0159itom mohlo m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek \u201e\u00fat\u011bk\u201c pr\u016fmyslu z\u00a0EU, co\u017e by v\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u016fsledku snahu o pokles emis\u00ed zhatilo. <a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn15\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Frakce Evropsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 strany v\u00edt\u00e1 nov\u00fd klimatick\u00fd a energetick\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek navr\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0lednu Komis\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b varuje p\u0159ed nekoordinovan\u00fdm postupem \u2013 podle frakce se klimatick\u00e1 politika EU nesm\u00ed st\u00e1t anti-pr\u016fmyslovou politikou. EPP vol\u00e1 po vytvo\u0159en\u00ed multin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a multipartajn\u00ed aliance s\u00a0c\u00edlem pos\u00edlit evropskou tranzici sm\u011brem k\u00a0obnoviteln\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm a je z\u00e1rove\u0148 pro z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 c\u00edle na redukci emis\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed produkci z\u00a0OZE a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti zdroj\u016f.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn16\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">EPP je pro co nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed dokon\u010den\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho trhu. Podle frakce je t\u0159eba konzumenta postavit na prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto a umo\u017enit mu hr\u00e1t aktivn\u00ed roli ve stimulaci konkurence na trhu, investovat do energetick\u00e9 infrastruktury na propojen\u00ed Evropy (podle EPP bude pot\u0159eba a\u017e jeden bilion euro), limitovat cenovou regulaci a postupn\u011b odstranit subsidie na obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje, pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt potenci\u00e1l nekonven\u010dn\u00edch energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a odstranit jak\u00e9koliv evropsk\u00e9 \u201eenergetick\u00e9 ostrovy\u201c. <a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn17\">[17]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Skupina Progresivn\u00ed aliance socialist\u016f a demokrat\u016f v\u00a0 Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu \u2013 S&amp;D<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Skupina S&amp;D podpo\u0159ila \u010dervencov\u00fd n\u00e1vrh Komise na backloading emisn\u00edch povolenek, jeliko\u017e je to podle skupiny cesta, jak odstranit imbalanci zp\u016fsobenou nadm\u011brn\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm povolenek na trhu, nicm\u00e9n\u011b dlouhodob\u00e1 reforma trhu je podle S&amp;D nevyhnuteln\u00e1. Nav\u00edc podle frakce ji\u017e nyn\u00ed nen\u00ed pro Evropu cesta zp\u00e1tky z\u00a0cesty tranzice na n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkovou ekonomiku.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn18\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">S&amp;D chce, aby v\u0161echny evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b splnily sv\u00e9 c\u00edle ze strategie 2020 a aby implementovaly ve\u0161ker\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy z\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti, jakmile se stanou pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fdmi. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na p\u0159edpisy ohledn\u011b energetick\u00e9 efektivity, lep\u0161\u00edch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch standard\u016f pro budovy, eco-designu, chytr\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed odpadn\u00edho tepla z\u00a0elektr\u00e1ren a pravidel na energetick\u00e9 ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f a slu\u017eeb. Nav\u00edc pat\u0159\u00ed frakce k\u00a0hlavn\u00edm inici\u00e1tor\u016fm z\u00e1vazn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f pro rok 2030, kdy skupina cht\u011bla posunout z\u00e1vazn\u00fd c\u00edl a\u017e ku 45 % z\u00e1stupu obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie (OZE) v\u00a0energetick\u00e9m mixu.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn19\">[19]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dobudov\u00e1n\u00ed transevropsk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed pova\u017euje S&amp;D za prioritu v\u00a0oblasti diskuze o spole\u010dn\u00e9m energetick\u00e9m trhu, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 p\u0159in\u00e9st v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed stabilitu dod\u00e1vek za ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ceny.\u00a0 OZE maj\u00ed b\u00fdt podle frakce ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto syst\u00e9mu, proto\u017ee jsou podle S&amp;D spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed investic kl\u00ed\u010dovou slo\u017ekou pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. <a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn20\">[20]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Aliance liber\u00e1l\u016f a demokrat\u016f pro Evropu \u2013 ALDE<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Syst\u00e9m EU ETS je podle Aliance v\u00fdborn\u00fd projekt svou povahou, ale je t\u0159eba ho reformovat. Podle ALDE by do syst\u00e9mu m\u011bly b\u00fdt za\u0159azeny i sektory nyn\u00ed mimo ETS sch\u00e9ma. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci celkov\u00e9ho limitu na budouc\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 emise by m\u011bl EU ETS dostat p\u0159ednost v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m sektoru p\u0159ed jak\u00fdmkoliv jin\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem \u00fapravy emis\u00ed. <a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn21\">[21]<\/a><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podle ALDE by EU m\u011bla sm\u011b\u0159ovat k\u00a0n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00e9 energetice, alokace prost\u0159edk\u016f by m\u011bla b\u00fdt prim\u00e1rn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed trh\u016f, aby ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed doch\u00e1zelo co nej\u00fa\u010deln\u011bji. Pl\u00e1n Komise na a\u017e 95% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed do roku 2050 by m\u011bl b\u00fdt implementov\u00e1n, ustanoven\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f pro rok 2020 bez ustanoven\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f pro dal\u0161\u00ed roky by bylo kontraproduktivn\u00ed, proto je ALDE pro z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 c\u00edle i pro dal\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn22\">[22]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ALDE vol\u00e1 po spole\u010dn\u00fdch regulac\u00edch energetick\u00e9ho trhu, celoevropsk\u00fd market coupling (tedy propojen\u00ed energetick\u00fdch trh\u016f), propojen\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed, syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch operac\u00ed a vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edch trh\u016f. Podle ALDE je t\u0159eba rovn\u011b\u017e decentralizace v\u00fdroby energi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 umo\u017en\u00ed zapojit OZE do struktury, nicm\u00e9n\u011b i podpora velk\u00fdch OZE projekt\u016f typu DEZERTEC. <a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn23\">[23]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Skupina zelen\u00fdch\/Evropsk\u00e9 svobodn\u00e9 aliance \u2013 Greens\/EFA<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dle Greens\/EFA nen\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 spol\u00e9hat na trh, jsou pot\u0159eba tvrd\u0161\u00ed regulace. Greens\/EFA prosazuje z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 c\u00edle pro redukci emis\u00ed do roku 2030. Frakce cht\u011bla a\u017e 60% redukci, schv\u00e1lena byla nakonec 40% varianta. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9to redukce by z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u011blo b\u00fdt i opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energie v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a nem\u011blo by ani doch\u00e1zet k\u00a0rozvoji t\u011b\u017eby b\u0159idli\u010dn\u00e9ho plynu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vzhledem k\u00a0obecn\u00e9mu postoji Greens\/EFA k\u00a0OZE (tedy jejich maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed do energetick\u00e9ho mixu dan\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu) je t\u0159eba podle frakce celoevropsky p\u0159izp\u016fsobit energetick\u00fd trh na jejich za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed. To vy\u017eaduje masivn\u00ed propojen\u00ed trhu vzhledem k\u00a0nutnosti vyrovn\u00e1vat nest\u00e1l\u00e9 v\u00fdkony OZE, prosazovat decentralizaci v\u00fdrobn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, energetick\u00e9 \u00faspory, dotace na podporu OZE apod.<\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Evropsk\u00e1 konzervativn\u00ed a reformn\u00ed skupina \u2013 ECR<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podle ECR m\u011bl sou\u010dasn\u00fd syst\u00e9m EU ETS negativn\u00ed dopad na ceny energi\u00ed a zabr\u00e1nil nov\u00fdm investic\u00edm do energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. Proto je t\u0159eba syst\u00e9m zcela opustit nebo v\u00fdrazn\u011b reformovat a to nikoliv stylem \u201ejedno sch\u00e9ma padne v\u0161em\u201c. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f ECR toti\u017e EU v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nem\u00e1 \u201eenergetickou politiku\u201c ale pouze \u201eklimatickou politiku\u201c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ECR je proti dal\u0161\u00edmu navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed za rok 2020, byla i proti n\u00e1vrhu Komise na nov\u00e9 c\u00edle pro rok 2030. Volba energetick\u00e9ho mixu by m\u011bla z\u016fstat v\u00a0rukou \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee cht\u011bj\u00ed rozv\u00edjet svou jadernou energetiku. Podle ECR EU opakuje sv\u00e9 star\u00e9 chyby, kdy\u017e chce pokra\u010dovat i nad\u00e1le sm\u011brem ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00edlu uhl\u00edku na pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b a \u201ekr\u00e1\u010d\u00ed cestou, kterou nikdo jin\u00fd ve sv\u011bt\u011b nechce napodobit.\u201c<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn24\">[24]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ECR v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed liberalizace energetick\u00fdch trh\u016f je cesta pr\u00e1vn\u00edm sm\u011brem, kter\u00e1 povede k\u00a0otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a transparentn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm trh\u016fm, kter\u00e9 zajist\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ceny energi\u00ed. N\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba energie je pozitivn\u00edm aspektem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee tato v\u00fdroba vznik\u00e1 na tr\u017en\u00edch principech.<\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Konfederace evropsk\u00e9 sjednocen\u00e9 levice a seversk\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 levice \u2013 GUE\/NGL<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">GUE\/NGL podporuje z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 c\u00edle redukce sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f alespo\u0148 o 60 %, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 c\u00edle na 45% pod\u00edl OZE a 40 % energetick\u00e9 \u00faspory do roku 2030. Podle frakce je sou\u010dasn\u00e1 debata o energetick\u00e9 politice EU vedena zejm\u00e9na velk\u00fdmi korporacemi, kter\u00e9 do debaty prom\u00edtaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy. Podle frakce by se m\u011bly v\u0161echny rozvinut\u00e9 c\u00edle zav\u00e1zat ke spln\u011bn\u00ed st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9ho c\u00edle spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edho ve vynalo\u017een\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161\u00ed 60 mld. USD v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 2013-15 a k\u00a0p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu pro spln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vazku vynalo\u017eit 100mld. USD ro\u010dn\u011b do roku 2020 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn25\">[25]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Evropa svobody a demokracie \u2013 EFD<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Obecn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup frakce k\u00a0energeticko-klimatick\u00e9 politice EU nejl\u00e9pe vystihuje v\u00fdrok odborn\u00edk\u016f EFD na v\u00a0oblasti energetiky: \u201ePolitika EU 2020 je kompletn\u011b \u0161patn\u011b. Jak premisou, tak proveden\u00edm.\u201c Skupina nesouhlas\u00ed s\u00a0backloadingem emisn\u00edch povolenek (st\u00e1hnut\u00edm 900 mil. povolenek z\u00a0trhu).<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn26\">[26]<\/a> EFD skupina dokonce zpochyb\u0148uje vliv glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed jako celku a proto i jejich postoj k\u00a0syst\u00e9mu EU ETS jako takov\u00e9mu je skeptick\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podle skupiny jsou evrop\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 nucen\u00ed ob\u011btovat sv\u00e9 blaho pro energeticko-klimatickou politiku EU. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout nov\u00fdch v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f v\u00a0oblasti sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed do roku 2030 a 2050, byly by podle skupiny t\u0159eba masivn\u00ed investice, kter\u00e9 by nebyly mnohdy tr\u017en\u011b p\u0159irozen\u00e9, ale byly by vynucen\u00e9. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 strany jsou napln\u011bni dojmem, \u017ee EU se v\u00a0oblasti ochrany klimatu \u201esna\u017e\u00ed b\u00fdt svat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e s\u00e1m pape\u017e\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Jitka Hofbauerov\u00e1 a Marek Hrdina<\/em><\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref1\">[1]<\/a> European Commission, \u201cMission statement of DG Energy\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/dgs\/energy\/mission_en.htm\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/dgs\/energy\/mission_en.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref2\">[2]<\/a> White Paper of European Commision: An Energy Policy for The European Union. <a href=\"https:\/\/europa.eu\/documentation\/official-docs\/white-papers\/pdf\/energy_white_paper_com_95_682.pdf\">https:\/\/europa.eu\/documentation\/official-docs\/white-papers\/pdf\/energy_white_paper_com_95_682.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/energy\/green-paper-energy\/doc\/2006_03_08_gp_document_cs.pdf\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/energy\/green-paper-energy\/doc\/2006_03_08_gp_document_cs.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref4\">[4]<\/a> T\u0159et\u00ed liberaliza\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek mj. navrhoval tzv. vlastnick\u00fd unbundling, je\u017e sjednotil nastaven\u00ed vztah\u016f mezi v\u00fdrobou a p\u0159epravou energie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref5\">[5]<\/a> \u010cl\u00e1nek 4 Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref6\">[6]<\/a> \u010cl\u00e1nek 11 Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref7\">[7]<\/a> \u010cl\u00e1nek 194 Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref8\">[8]<\/a> \u010cl\u00e1nek 192 odst. 2 p\u00edsm. c) Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref9\">[9]<\/a> Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 170 a 171 Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref10\">[10]<\/a> \u010cl\u00e1nek 171 Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref11\">[11]<\/a> \u010cl\u00e1nek 172 Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref12\">[12]<\/a> Projekt ELENA (European Local ENergy Assistance) je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed banky na podporu c\u00edl\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie v\u00a0oblasti klimatick\u00e9 a energetick\u00e9 politiky. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eib.europa.eu\/products\/elena\/index.htm?lang=en&amp;\">https:\/\/www.eib.europa.eu\/products\/elena\/index.htm?lang=en&amp;<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 20. 2. 2014<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref13\">[13]<\/a> Evropsk\u00e1 komise, \u201eEnergy Economic Developments in Europe\u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/economy_finance\/publications\/european_economy\/2014\/pdf\/ee1_en.pdf\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/economy_finance\/publications\/european_economy\/2014\/pdf\/ee1_en.pdf<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 20. 2. 2014<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref14\">[14]<\/a> Pro \u010ceskou republiku byl stanoven z\u00e1vazn\u00fd c\u00edl pod\u00edlu energie z\u00a0obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f na hrub\u00e9 kone\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b energie ve v\u00fd\u0161i 13% v\u00a0roce 2020 a z\u00e1vazn\u00fd c\u00edl pod\u00edlu energie z\u00a0obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f ve v\u0161ech druz\u00edch dopravy na hrub\u00e9 kone\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b energie v\u00a0doprav\u011b ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10% v\u00a0roce 2020.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref15\">[15]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eppgroup.eu\/press-release\/Backloading-bad-for-jobs-and-energy-bills\">https:\/\/www.eppgroup.eu\/press-release\/Backloading-bad-for-jobs-and-energy-bills<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref16\">[16]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eppgroup.eu\/cs\/press-release\/EU-climate-policy-must-not-become-%27anti-industry-policy%27\">https:\/\/www.eppgroup.eu\/cs\/press-release\/EU-climate-policy-must-not-become-%27anti-industry-policy%27<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref17\">[17]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eppgroup.eu\/news\/Completing-the-internal-energy-market%3A-nothing-but-benefits\">https:\/\/www.eppgroup.eu\/news\/Completing-the-internal-energy-market%3A-nothing-but-benefits<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref18\">[18]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu\/newsroom\/sds-welcome-deal-save-eus-emission-trading-system-ets\">https:\/\/www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu\/newsroom\/sds-welcome-deal-save-eus-emission-trading-system-ets<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref19\">[19]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu\/policies\/energy-taking-care-planet-and-citizen\">https:\/\/www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu\/policies\/energy-taking-care-planet-and-citizen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref20\">[20]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu\/newsroom\/led-sds-parliament-calls-binding-renewable-energy-target-2030#1\">https:\/\/www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu\/newsroom\/led-sds-parliament-calls-binding-renewable-energy-target-2030#1<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref21\">[21]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/policycenter.eldr.eu\/UserFiles\/Files\/Theme%20Resolution.%20Energy%20Transition%20-%20A%20Liberal%20Perspective.pdf\">https:\/\/policycenter.eldr.eu\/UserFiles\/Files\/Theme%20Resolution.%20Energy%20Transition%20-%20A%20Liberal%20Perspective.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref22\">[22]<\/a> Ibidem<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref23\">[23]<\/a> Ibidem<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref24\">[24]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/ecrgroup.eu\/news\/szymanski-european-left-is-repeating-old-errors-concerning-eu-climate-policy\/\">https:\/\/ecrgroup.eu\/news\/szymanski-european-left-is-repeating-old-errors-concerning-eu-climate-policy\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref25\">[25]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/guengl.eu\/uploads\/publications-documents\/leaflet-climat-change-CS-web.pdf\">https:\/\/guengl.eu\/uploads\/publications-documents\/leaflet-climat-change-CS-web.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref26\">[26]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.argusmedia.com\/pages\/NewsBody.aspx?id=887733&amp;menu=yes\">https:\/\/www.argusmedia.com\/pages\/NewsBody.aspx?id=887733&amp;menu=yes<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Podklad ve form\u00e1tu .pdf ke sta\u017een\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.evropskehodnoty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/ener.pdf\">ZDE<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shrnut\u00ed Energetick\u00e1 politika pat\u0159\u00ed do tzv. sd\u00edlen\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) a na jej\u00ed podob\u011b se tedy pod\u00edlej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty i samotn\u00e1 EU. Role unijn\u00edch instituc\u00ed je tak p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b koordina\u010dn\u00ed, p\u0159esto existuj\u00ed oblasti, ve kter\u00fdch mohou Rada EU a Evropsk\u00fd parlament (EP) na n\u00e1vrh Komise schvalovat pro \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vaznou legislativu.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-releases"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vybran\u00e9 aspekty energetick\u00e9 politiky EU - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/vybrane-aspekty-energeticke-politiky-eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vybran\u00e9 aspekty energetick\u00e9 politiky EU - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shrnut\u00ed Energetick\u00e1 politika pat\u0159\u00ed do tzv. sd\u00edlen\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) a na jej\u00ed podob\u011b se tedy pod\u00edlej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty i samotn\u00e1 EU. 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