{"id":2970,"date":"2014-02-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-02-10T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/vybrane-aspekty-socialni-politiky-eu\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T12:31:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:31:41","slug":"vybrane-aspekty-socialni-politiky-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/vybrane-aspekty-socialni-politiky-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vybran\u00e9 aspekty soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky EU"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Shrnut\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politika pat\u0159\u00ed do tzv. sd\u00edlen\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed EU, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na jej\u00ed podob\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty i samotn\u00e1 Unie. Role unijn\u00edch instituc\u00ed lze pova\u017eovat sp\u00ed\u0161e za koordina\u010dn\u00ed, p\u0159esto existuj\u00ed oblasti, ve kter\u00fdch mohou Rada a Evropsk\u00fd parlament na n\u00e1vrh Komise schvalovat pro \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vaznou legislativu<!--more-->, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0oblasti minim\u00e1ln\u00edch standard\u016f pro podm\u00ednky a bezpe\u010dnost na pracovi\u0161ti, rovnosti mezi mu\u017ei a \u017eenami \u010di boji proti soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu vylou\u010den\u00ed. Naopak harmonizaci pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f v\u00a0oblasti soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva nep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed stejn\u011b jako z\u00e1sahy Unie do vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch z\u00e1sad soci\u00e1ln\u00edho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost lid\u00ed mezi 15-24 lety v\u00a0EU byla v\u00a0roce 2013 23,5%, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje dvakr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed bez pr\u00e1ce ne\u017e u celkov\u00e9 populace, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00a0zem\u00edch jako \u0160pan\u011blsko a \u0158ecko dosahuje nezam\u011bstnanost p\u0159es 50%. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika se v\u00a0t\u00e9to statistice \u0159ad\u00ed pod pr\u016fm\u011br EU s\u00a019% nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, ov\u0161em v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech jako \u00dasteck\u00fd a Karlovarsk\u00fd kraj stoup\u00e1 tato hodnota a\u017e k\u00a030%.<\/li>\n<li>Na unijn\u00ed \u00farovni se ji\u017e od roku 2011 p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 akce a pl\u00e1ny na podporu zam\u011bstnanosti mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdstup\u016f je doporu\u010den\u00ed Rady o zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1ruk pro mlad\u00e9 lidi, kter\u00e9 nab\u00e1d\u00e1 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby lidem do 25 let zajistil kvalitn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di dal\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed do \u010dty\u0159 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f od ukon\u010den\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di form\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 skupiny v\u00a0Evrop\u011b po\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby se toto doporu\u010den\u00ed zm\u011bnilo v akt pro \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty z\u00e1vazn\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li>Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mobility ob\u010dan\u016f EU navrhuje Komise v\u00a0roce 2014 revidovat na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrany migruj\u00edc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Ve sv\u00e9m dokumentu se Komise dot\u00fdk\u00e1 politicky citliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed jako zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed lh\u016fty pro vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed podpor v\u00a0nezam\u011bstnanosti ze t\u0159\u00ed na \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f \u010di stanoven\u00ed odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu za zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrany migruj\u00edc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Zm\u011bnu p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed navrhuje Komise skrze \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd legislativn\u00ed proces, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee budouc\u00ed poslanci Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b budou muset o tomto n\u00e1vrhu hlasovat.<\/li>\n<li>Postoje poslaneck\u00fdch frakc\u00ed v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu v\u00a0ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky lze zjednodu\u0161en\u011b p\u0159irovnat k\u00a0pozic\u00edm politick\u00fdch stran, jak je zn\u00e1me z\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b s\u00a0t\u00edm rozd\u00edlem, \u017ee krom\u011b pravo-lev\u00e9 dimenze se jednotliv\u00e9 skupiny li\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0pohledu na ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pom\u011br pravomoc\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a unijn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Skupina Progresivn\u00ed aliance socialist\u016f a demokrat\u016f (\u010cSSD) a Zelen\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159edpokladu o sou\u010dinnosti tr\u017en\u00edch mechanism\u016f s\u00a0t\u011bmi soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi a po\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby byla Unie v\u00a0ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Sjednocen\u00e1 levice (KS\u010cM) je v\u00a0v po\u017eadavc\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00ed solidarity je\u0161t\u011b radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Evropsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 stran (KDU-\u010cSL) a liber\u00e1lov\u00e9 vn\u00edmaj\u00ed \u0161patnou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci jako d\u016fsledek nefunguj\u00edc\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, proto by se m\u011bla Unie zam\u011b\u0159it na struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed reformy ekonomicky jako celku sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na jednotliv\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity. Pro minim\u00e1ln\u00ed pravomoci Unie v\u00a0oblasti soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky a pro tr\u017en\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pak vystupuje Evropsk\u00e1 konzervativn\u00ed a reformistick\u00e1 skupina (ODS), nejkriti\u010dt\u011bji se v\u016f\u010di aktivit\u00e1m EU stav\u00ed skupina Evropa svobody a demokracie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><b>\u00davod<br \/>\n<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Jeden z\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) definov\u00e1n \u010dl\u00e1nkem 3 Smlouvy o EU je boj proti soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu vylou\u010den\u00ed a diskriminaci, podpora soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti a ochrany, rovnost \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f, mezigenera\u010dn\u00ed solidarita a ochrana pr\u00e1v d\u00edt\u011bte. Ji\u017e v\u00a0zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch se tedy objevuje explicitn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010dinnost soci\u00e1ln\u00edch princip\u016f s\u00a0t\u011bmi tr\u017en\u00edmi. Ji\u017e ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho v\u00fd\u010dtu c\u00edl\u016f EU je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politika je t\u00e9ma velmi \u0161irok\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 oblasti, proto tento podklad t\u00e9ma z\u00fa\u017e\u00ed takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, aby dok\u00e1zal poskytnout z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00ed\u017ee polo\u017een\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed ot\u00e1zek:<\/p>\n<p>1. Co mohou evrop\u0161t\u00ed poslanci ud\u011blat pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zam\u011bstnanosti v\u00a0\u00dasteck\u00e9m kraji?<\/p>\n<p>2. V\u00a0dubnu 2013 schv\u00e1lila Rada nez\u00e1vazn\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed o zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1ruk pro mlad\u00e9 lidi. M\u011bl by b\u00fdt tento akt pro \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fd?<\/p>\n<p>3. Komise m\u00e1 v\u00a0pl\u00e1nu v\u00a0roce 2014 p\u0159edlo\u017eit bal\u00edk podporuj\u00edc\u00ed mobilitu ob\u010dan\u016f EU, jeho\u017e d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm bodem je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrany a podpory pro migruj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00edky hledaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. M\u00e1 se minim\u00e1ln\u00ed doba pro vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed podpory v\u00a0nezam\u011bstnanosti v cel\u00e9 Unii zv\u00fd\u0161it ze t\u0159\u00ed na \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f? M\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vky vypl\u00e1cet st\u00e1t posledn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed aktivity zam\u011bstnance, nebo st\u00e1t, v n\u011bm\u017e m\u00e1 zam\u011bstnanec trval\u00e9 bydli\u0161t\u011b?<\/p>\n<p>V prvn\u00edm odd\u00edlu podkladu budou pops\u00e1ny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed aspekty soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky a rozd\u011blen\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a instituc\u00ed Unie. Druh\u00fd odd\u00edl pokryje vybran\u00e9 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my souvisej\u00edc\u00edch se soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politikou, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na doporu\u010den\u00ed rady o z\u00e1ruk\u00e1ch pro mlad\u00e9 lidi a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed migruj\u00edc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Posledn\u00ed odd\u00edl mapuje pozice poslaneck\u00fdch frakc\u00ed v Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky. Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b je t\u0159eba vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d maj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 frakce v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prostor ne\u017e jin\u00e9. D\u016fvod je jednoduch\u00fd, n\u011bkter\u00e9 skupiny na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiku kladou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz ne\u017e jin\u00e9, proto jsou programy zejm\u00e9na levicov\u00fdch frakc\u00ed mnohem propracovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i v tomto podkladu. Frakce jsou pak se\u0159azeny sestupn\u011b podle po\u010dt\u016f poslanc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><b>1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed aspekty soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky, rozd\u011blen\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed<br \/>\n<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva \u0159ad\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiku do tzv. sd\u00edlen\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn1\">[1]<\/a>, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na jej\u00ed podob\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty i samotn\u00e1 Unie. EU a \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se hl\u00e1s\u00ed a jsou si v\u011bdomi z\u00e1kladn\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v tak, jak jsou podeps\u00e1ny v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed chart\u011b z\u00a0roku 1961 a v\u00a0Chart\u011b Spole\u010denstv\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v pracovn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0roku 1989. C\u00edlem je podporov\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnanosti, zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edch a pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrana, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dialog, rozvoj lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a boj proti soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu vylou\u010den\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba dodat, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o politicky velmi citliv\u00e9 t\u00e9ma zasahuj\u00edc\u00ed do suverenity st\u00e1t\u016f, na co\u017e pamatuje i Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva, kter\u00e1 respektuje rozmanitost vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch zvyklost\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0oblasti smluvn\u00edch vztah\u016f, a pot\u0159ebu udr\u017eovat konkurenceschopnost hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed EU. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem unijn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky je uplatn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sady rovnosti odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed za stejnou nebo rovnocennou pr\u00e1ci. Z\u00e1sada naprost\u00e9 rovnosti v\u00a0pracovn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed absolutn\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mohou ponechat nebo zav\u00e9st opat\u0159en\u00ed poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdhody pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed profesn\u00ed \u010dinnosti m\u00e9n\u011b zastoupen\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed nebo pro p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed \u010di vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nev\u00fdhod v profesn\u00ed kari\u00e9\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Evropsk\u00fd parlament a Rada jsou zmocn\u011bni p\u0159ij\u00edmat opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0podpo\u0159e spolupr\u00e1ce mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm podn\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed za c\u00edl zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed, rozvoj v\u00fdm\u011bny informac\u00ed a osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed, podporu inova\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f a vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed. D\u00e1le mohou sm\u011brnicemi stanovit minim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavky, kter\u00e9 se uplatn\u00ed postupn\u011b s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm ke st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a technick\u00fdm p\u0159edpis\u016fm jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Lisabonsk\u00e1 smlouva naopak jednozna\u010dn\u011b konstatuje, \u017ee je vylou\u010dena harmonizace pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sm\u011brnic se Rada mus\u00ed zdr\u017eet ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00edch, finan\u010dn\u00edch a pr\u00e1vn\u00edch omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 br\u00e1n\u00ed zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a rozvoji mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnik\u016f. Unijn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy se d\u00e1le nesm\u00ed dot\u00fdkat pr\u00e1va \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f vymezovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed z\u00e1sady sv\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu soci\u00e1ln\u00edho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed a nesm\u011bj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat finan\u010dn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu tohoto syst\u00e9mu. D\u00e1le je \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm umo\u017en\u011bno zachovat \u010di zav\u00e9st p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou slu\u010diteln\u00e1 se smlouvami.<\/p>\n<p>Evropsk\u00fd parlament a Rada mohou rozhodovat \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm legislativn\u00edm postupem po konzultaci s\u00a0Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdborem a V\u00fdborem region\u016f v\u00a0t\u011bchto oblastech soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed tak, aby bylo chr\u00e1n\u011bno zdrav\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; bezpe\u010dnost pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; informov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f a konzultace s nimi<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; zapojen\u00ed osob vylou\u010den\u00fdch z trhu pracovn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; rovnost p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed mezi mu\u017ei a \u017eenami na trhu pr\u00e1ce a rovn\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed na pracovi\u0161ti<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; boj proti soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu vylou\u010den\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; modernizace syst\u00e9m\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>U politicky citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat rozhoduje Rada zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm legislativn\u00edm postupem jednomysln\u011b po konzultaci s\u00a0Evropsk\u00fdm parlamentem i ob\u011bma v\u00fdbory v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch oblastech:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrana pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; ochrana pracovn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159i skon\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed a kolektivn\u00ed obrana z\u00e1jm\u016f pracovn\u00edk\u016f a zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f v\u010detn\u011b spolurozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; podm\u00ednky zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f t\u0159et\u00edch zem\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b pob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch na \u00fazem\u00ed Unie<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>2. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my a mo\u017en\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<br \/>\n<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>2.1. Nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed je v sou\u010dasnosti jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi se st\u00e1ty EU pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed. V pr\u016fm\u011bru je nezam\u011bstnanost lid\u00ed mezi 15-24 lety zhruba dvakr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u celkov\u00e9 populace (23,5 % ku 10,9% pro EU 28 za rok 2013), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e existuj\u00ed st\u00e1ty, kde p\u0159edstavuje nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m a p\u0159i t\u00e9to souvislosti se \u010dasto hovo\u0159\u00ed o tzv. ztracen\u00e9 generaci (\u0160pan\u011blsko a \u0158ecko p\u0159es 50%, Portugalsko 38%, Slovensko 34%). \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v t\u00e9to statistice vych\u00e1z\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e, je s 19% pod pr\u016fm\u011brem EU, ale nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u celkov\u00e9 populace.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn3\">[3]<\/a> \u00dasteck\u00fd a Karlovarsk\u00fd kraj (NUTS Severoz\u00e1pad) pak hl\u00e1s\u00ed p\u0159es 28% nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch ve v\u011bku 15-24 let za rok 2012.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ji\u017e od roku 2011 se na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 akce a pl\u00e1ny, z nich\u017e nejaktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed Komise z roku 2013 se sna\u017e\u00ed zjednodu\u0161it a pod jednu st\u0159echu zahrnout opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e1 nebo diskutovan\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edve. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi stavebn\u00edmi kameny boje proti nezam\u011bstnanosti mlad\u00fdch jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn5\">[5]<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; implementace doporu\u010den\u00ed Rady o z\u00e1ruk\u00e1ch pro mlad\u00e9 lidi (Youth Guarantee -YG)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; investice do mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ESF<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu pracovat na iniciativ\u011b pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zam\u011bstnanosti mlad\u00fdch (Youth Employment Initiatuve-YEI): podpora region\u016f s nezam\u011bstnanost\u00ed mlad\u00fdch p\u0159es 25%<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; podpora mobility<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159echodu do zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu reforma pracovn\u00edch trh\u016f<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; okam\u017eit\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed podporuj\u00edc\u00ed vznik pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Doporu\u010den\u00ed Rady o zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1ruk pro mlad\u00e9 lidi<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Doporu\u010den\u00ed Rady z dubna 2013 vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby mlad\u00fdm lidem do 25 let zajistili kvalitn\u00ed nab\u00eddku zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, dal\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (programy odborn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy vedouc\u00ed k uzn\u00e1n\u00ed odborn\u00e9 kvalifikace), u\u010d\u0148ovsk\u00e9 programy nebo st\u00e1\u017ee, a to do \u010dty\u0159 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f od za\u010d\u00e1tku nezam\u011bstnanosti \u010di od ukon\u010den\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. K tomu by \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty m\u011bly doj\u00edt prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed a n\u00e1stroj\u016f<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn6\">[6]<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Budov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu zalo\u017een\u00fdch na partnerstv\u00ed<\/span>: stanoven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9m z\u00e1ruk pro mlad\u00e9 lidi, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed neomezen\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu informac\u00ed, pos\u00edlen\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed mezi zam\u011bstnavateli a mlad\u00fdmi lidmi, nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed mezi ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi a soukrom\u00fdmi poskytovateli slu\u017eeb zam\u011bstnanosti, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aktivn\u00edho zapojen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch partner\u016f na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed konzultov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di \u00fa\u010dast mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed nebo ml\u00e1de\u017enick\u00fdch organizac\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edm rozvoji syst\u00e9mu z\u00e1ruk pro mlad\u00e9 lidi<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">V\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1sah a aktivace<\/span>: vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed strategie zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na mlad\u00e9 lidi, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed personalizovan\u00e9ho poradenstv\u00ed a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed ak\u010dn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f v\u010detn\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u011b uzp\u016fsoben\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f podpory<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Podp\u016frn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed na trhu pr\u00e1ce<\/span>: mo\u017enost vr\u00e1tit se do procesu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, podpora podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a samostatn\u00e9 v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nemzdov\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f pr\u00e1ce, st\u00e1tn\u00ed podpora a c\u00edlen\u00e9 subvence na platy a nab\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly, podpora pracovn\u00ed mobility<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Vyu\u017eit\u00ed fond\u016f Unie<\/span>: pln\u00e9 a optimalizovan\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f politiky soudr\u017enosti v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm obdob\u00ed 2014\u20132020<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>2.2. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrana migruj\u00edc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f <\/b><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edstavovan\u00e1 iniciativa Komise koordinace soci\u00e1ln\u011b zabezpe\u010dovac\u00edch program\u016f (\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 revize na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (EC) NOS 883\/2004 a 987\/2009)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn7\">[7]<\/a> se zam\u011b\u0159uje detailn\u011b na dva aspekty koordinace v t\u00e9to oblasti: a) benefity spojen\u00e9 s dlouhodobou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed a b) koordinace podpory v nezam\u011bstnanosti. Komise navrhuje revidovat st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravu t\u00e9to oblasti z d\u016fvodu prohlouben\u00ed principu voln\u00e9ho pohybu osob, kter\u00fd je podle n\u00ed bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrany v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezen\u00fd. Detailn\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme pouze na koordinaci podpory v nezam\u011bstnanosti, ke kter\u00fdm Komise poskytla p\u011bt z\u00e1kladn\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem postupovat, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e stru\u010dn\u011b popisuje v\u00fdhody a pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b i nev\u00fdhody zvolen\u00e9ho postupu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je nutn\u00e9 podotknout, \u017ee tento n\u00e1vrh by m\u011bl b\u00fdt podle Komise schv\u00e1len \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm legislativn\u00edm postupem, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 pravomoci pro poslance v Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn8\">[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Podpory v nezam\u011bstnanosti nejsou obecn\u011b poskytov\u00e1ny mimo \u00fazem\u00ed bydli\u0161t\u011b (s v\u00fdjimkou p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edch a p\u0159\u00edhrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn9\">[9]<\/a>). Unijn\u00ed pravidla umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed migruj\u00edc\u00edm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm omezenou t\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed dobu ochrany, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 si mohou hledat pr\u00e1ci. Tato doba m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nav\u00fd\u0161ena o dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce, ale p\u0159esn\u00e1 aplikace tohoto ustanoven\u00ed se st\u00e1t od st\u00e1tu li\u0161\u00ed. Komise z\u00e1rove\u0148 otev\u00edr\u00e1 diskuzi o t\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed dob\u011b, kter\u00e1 podle jej\u00edho n\u00e1zoru nen\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch socioekonomick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch dostate\u010dn\u00e1. Rovn\u011b\u017e je nutno podotknout, \u017ee kv\u016fli nejasnosti pravidel se zvy\u0161uje po\u010det spor\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora.<\/p>\n<p><b>Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e Evropsk\u00e9 komise:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>1) \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 zm\u011bna<\/p>\n<p>2) Nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m koordinace podpory v nezam\u011bstnanosti p\u0159\u00edhrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f: pr\u00e1vo mo\u017enost si za\u017e\u00e1dat o benefity v m\u00edst\u011b posledn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed aktivity nebo v zemi bydli\u0161t\u011b<\/p>\n<p>3) Podpora v nezam\u011bstnanosti pro v\u0161echny pracovn\u00edky v m\u00edst\u011b posledn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed aktivity bez ohledu na m\u00edsto bydli\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>4) Prodlou\u017een\u00ed doby exportu podpory pro lidi hledaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci v jin\u00e9m ne\u017e kompetentn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u011b minim\u00e1ln\u011b na 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f (lze kombinovat s p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi)<\/p>\n<p>5) Ujasn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se hromad\u011bn\u00ed doby poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a sebe zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (lze kombinovat s p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi)<\/p>\n<h2><b>3. Postoje poslaneck\u00fdch frakc\u00ed v Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu<br \/>\n<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Frakce Evropsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 strany &#8211; EPP (KDU-\u010cSL)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Frakce Evropsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 strany vn\u00edm\u00e1 vysokou nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed jako probl\u00e9m, kter\u00e9mu je t\u0159eba \u010delit zaveden\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 pob\u00eddky, r\u016fzn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed programy a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. EPP chce pracovat na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed politiky, kter\u00e1 by poskytovala kari\u00e9rn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce pro nezam\u011bstnan\u00e9 lidi a usnadnit jejich p\u0159echod do pr\u00e1ce. D\u00e1le tak\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed pokra\u010dovat s podporou mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed hendikepovan\u00fdch, znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00fdch, mlad\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f i mlad\u00fdch podnikatel\u016f. EPP podporuje aktivity v r\u00e1mci iniciativy na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zam\u011bstnanosti mlad\u00fdch (YEI) a doporu\u010den\u00ed Rady o zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1ruk pro mlad\u00e9 lidi (YG). EPP c\u00edl\u00ed na zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed a zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed ESF a prosazuje p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f z Kohezn\u00edho fondu. Stranou pozornosti nejsou ani znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9 skupiny a hendikepovan\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed by m\u011bli b\u00fdt v\u00edce inkorporov\u00e1ni do pracovn\u00edho trhu<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn10\">[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Skupina Progresivn\u00ed aliance socialist\u016f a demokrat\u016f v\u00a0 Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu &#8211; S&amp;D <\/b>(\u010cSSD &#8211; Richard Falbr: \u010dlen EP v\u00fdboru zam\u011bstnanost a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bci)<\/p>\n<p>Socialist\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0principu, \u017ee EU nen\u00ed pouze ekonomick\u00fdm projektem, ale i politick\u00fdm a demokratick\u00fdm, kter\u00fd je zalo\u017een na solidarit\u011b, soudr\u017enosti a k\u00a0respektu k\u00a0rozd\u00edlnosti na\u0161ich kultur. Socialist\u00e9 se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed smlouvy EU, v nich\u017e se hovo\u0159\u00ed o pln\u00e9 zam\u011bstnanosti, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnosti, vym\u00fdcen\u00ed chudoby a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed exkluze. Svobody vnit\u0159n\u00edho trhu by pak nem\u011bly p\u0159evy\u0161ovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va nebo oslabovat pravomoci region\u00e1ln\u00edch a lok\u00e1ln\u00edch autorit v\u00a0poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Prosazuj\u00ed, aby na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni byly o\u0161et\u0159eny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed oblasti:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; boj proti nekal\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00ed sout\u011b\u017ei, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 negativn\u00ed dopady na pracovn\u00edky<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1ruka stejn\u00e9 mzdy a pr\u00e1v za pr\u00e1ci stejn\u00e9 hodnoty na v\u0161ech pracovi\u0161t\u00edch v\u00a0EU<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; spravedliv\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda (aspo\u0148 60% n\u00e1rodn\u00edho medi\u00e1nu ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravidla v oblasti soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a pracovn\u00edch standard\u016f<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; nov\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed strategie a lep\u0161\u00ed pom\u011br pr\u00e1ce vs. voln\u00fd \u010das<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; skute\u010dn\u00fd pokrok v r\u00e1mci z\u00e1ruk pro mlad\u00e9 (YG z\u00e1vazn\u00fd pro v\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, p\u0159esto uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee je to z\u00e1le\u017eitost p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; odstran\u011bn\u00ed bari\u00e9r voln\u00e9ho pohybu osob (zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed penz\u00ed, garance v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu ke zdravotnictv\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt voln\u00fd pohyb osob n\u00e1strojem k zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Aliance liber\u00e1l\u016f a demokrat\u016f pro Evropu &#8211; ALDE<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f do r\u016fzn\u00fdch fond\u016f pova\u017euj\u00ed liber\u00e1lov\u00e9 za kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nav\u00edc pova\u017euj\u00ed nikoliv za skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f, ale za z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed politick\u00fdch bod\u016f. Evropa by se proto m\u011bla sp\u00ed\u0161e zam\u011b\u0159it na r\u016fst ekonomiky a struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed reformy, kter\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9m d\u016fsledku pomohou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci v EU v\u00edce ne\u017e r\u016fzn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed programy. D\u016fraz by m\u011bl b\u00fdt kladen na investice do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a inovac\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u011bje k zlep\u0161en\u00ed statutu mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiku jako takovou nemaj\u00ed liber\u00e1lov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zpracovanou, proto\u017ee se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee legislativa na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni by se m\u011bla zam\u011b\u0159it pouze na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a spolupr\u00e1ci, zat\u00edmco hlavn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt ponech\u00e1na \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm. Siln\u011b naopak prosazuj\u00ed rovnost mezi mu\u017ei a \u017eenami a rovnocenn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v\u0161ech men\u0161in v\u010detn\u011b sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Skupina zelen\u00fdch\/Evropsk\u00e9 svobodn\u00e9 aliance &#8211; Greens\/EFA<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Podle t\u00e9to frakce nemohou pravidla trhu st\u00e1t v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va. Proto se Zelen\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed ochr\u00e1nit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eby mimo dosah legislativy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed liberalizace trhu. Ruku v ruce s po\u017eadavkem po siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dimenzi hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a m\u011bnov\u00e9 unie volaj\u00ed po efektivn\u00ed regulaci glob\u00e1ln\u00edho finan\u010dn\u00edho sektoru a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed transparentnosti trh\u016f. Ve sv\u00e9m dokumentu Zelen\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed Evropa<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn12\">[12]<\/a> p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed n\u011bkolik z\u00e1kladn\u00edch bod\u016f, kter\u00fdm by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v r\u00e1mci soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky v\u011bnov\u00e1na pozornost.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00a0Nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed ESF s c\u00edlem zastavit chudobu a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed exkluzi<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00a0Podpora mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed budoucnost Evropy<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Sm\u011brnice upravuj\u00edc\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem (n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed Zelen\u00ed jsou pro nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem, neexistuje v\u0161ak \u00fapln\u00e1 shoda)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00a0Boj proti bezdomovectv\u00ed jako z\u00e1kladn\u00edho n\u00e1stroje na vym\u00fdcen\u00ed chudoby<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00a0\u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by se m\u011bly zam\u011b\u0159it na spln\u011bn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek Strategie Evropa 2020 (75% lid\u00ed mezi 20-64 lety bude zam\u011bstnan\u00e1, 20 mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed se posune z p\u00e1sma chudoby, nezam\u011bstnanost absolvent\u016f bude max. 10%)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00a0Doc\u00edlit rovnosti mezi mu\u017ei a \u017eenami (nap\u0159. \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u017eena nen\u00ed bank\u00e9\u0159kou v ECB)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00a0Pos\u00edlen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dimenze ekonomiky jako kooperativn\u00ed byznys, fair trade, lok\u00e1ln\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Evropsk\u00e1 konzervativn\u00ed a reformn\u00ed skupina &#8211; ECR <\/b>(ODS \u2013 Milan Cabrnoch: \u010dlen EP v\u00fdboru zam\u011bstnanost a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bci)<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm v\u00fdchodiskem Evropsk\u00e9 konzervativn\u00ed a reformn\u00ed skupiny je voln\u00e1 sout\u011b\u017e s\u00a0minimem regulac\u00ed, proto\u017ee pouze byznys vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, nikoli pl\u00e1ny a aktivity EU. Proto tak\u00e9 odm\u00edtaj\u00ed politiku gest a opat\u0159en\u00ed na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni, kter\u00e9 selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din nezam\u011bstnanosti. Boj proti nezam\u011bstnanosti mlad\u00fdch pova\u017euj\u00ed za okam\u017eit\u00fd c\u00edl, kter\u00fd je dosa\u017eiteln\u00fd zaveden\u00edm struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch reforem zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch sout\u011b\u017e, sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm ceny pr\u00e1ce a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm produktivity. Z pohledu konzervativc\u016f to vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 skoncovat s nadm\u011brn\u00fdmi regulacemi trhu. Proto\u017ee podle jejich n\u00e1zoru pouze byznys m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it nov\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta, podporuj\u00ed z\u00e1jmy mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch firem, k nim\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad pat\u0159\u00ed minimalizace zdravotnick\u00fdch a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch regulac\u00ed. Regulace by nem\u011bly omezovat byznys, a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Legislativa t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se zam\u011bstnanosti m\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161ena na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni a ka\u017ed\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 iniciativa mus\u00ed respektovat z\u00e1sady subsidiarity a proporcionality. C\u00edlem EU by m\u011blo b\u00fdt dokon\u010den\u00ed a fungov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho trhu, kter\u00fd lidem poskytuje p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost naj\u00edt si pr\u00e1ci<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn13\">[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Konfederace evropsk\u00e9 sjednocen\u00e9 levice a seversk\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 levice &#8211; GUE\/NGL <\/b>(KS\u010cM)<b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Podle p\u0159edstav levice by m\u011bl b\u00fdt zastaral\u00fd pakt r\u016fstu a stability nahrazen nov\u00fdm paktem soci\u00e1ln\u00ed solidarity pro zam\u011bstnanost a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Vymezuje se rovn\u011b\u017e v\u016f\u010di p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu diskursu rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti, jeho\u017e opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm se podle n\u00ed d\u00e1 vy\u0159e\u0161it nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch. Pen\u00edze by se tak m\u011bly p\u0159esunout do environment\u00e1ln\u011b, soci\u00e1ln\u011b a ekonomicky udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje, jeho\u017e pod\u00edl by m\u011bl b\u00fdt 1% HDP. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by se m\u011bl vytvo\u0159it protikrizov\u00fd pl\u00e1n respektuj\u00edc\u00ed principy rovnosti mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een a ekologick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed udr\u017eitelnosti. Podle NUE\/GNL by se m\u011blo v\u00edce bojovat proti chudob\u011b, \u010demu\u017e by m\u011blo p\u0159isp\u011bt zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu pro v\u0161echny a ukon\u010den\u00ed flexibilizace pracovn\u00edch trh\u016f. Z\u00e1stupci GUE\/NGL z\u00e1rove\u0148 volaj\u00ed po z\u00e1vazn\u00e9m stanoven\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed chudoby o polovinu, omezen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed exkluze a ukon\u010den\u00ed d\u011btsk\u00e9 chudoby a bezdomovectv\u00ed. Krom\u011b ob\u010dan\u016f pamatuj\u00ed i na imigranty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinou na trhu pr\u00e1ce<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn14\">[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Evropa svobody a demokracie &#8211; EFD<\/b><\/p>\n<p>EFD jako euroskeptick\u00e1 skupina odm\u00edt\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni a p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz skrz r\u016fzn\u00e9 fondy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 poukazuje, \u017ee za vysokou nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b EU. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami je ekonomick\u00e1 migrace uvnit\u0159 EU v r\u00e1mci voln\u00e9ho pohybu osob i p\u0159ist\u011bhovalectv\u00ed ze zem\u00ed mimo Unii. Pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zam\u011bstnanosti je d\u00e1le t\u0159eba chr\u00e1nit vlastn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zaveden\u00ed cel a kv\u00f3t na zbo\u017e\u00ed poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed mimo Evropu. U EFD je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee se sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e o koherentn\u00ed pohled skupiny jako celku jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159edstavy jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu<a title=\"\" href=\"#_edn15\">[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref1\">[1]<\/a> \u010cl\u00e1nek 4 Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref2\">[2]<\/a> \u010cl\u00e1nek 151-161 Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref3\">[3]<\/a> Eurostat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref4\">[4]<\/a> Eurostat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref5\">[5]<\/a> Komise, \u201eYouth Employment\u201c, Web Komise, <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/social\/main.jsp?catId=1036&amp;langId=en\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/social\/main.jsp?catId=1036&amp;langId=en<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 9. 2. 2014<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref6\">[6]<\/a> Text pln\u00e9ho doporu\u010den\u00ed Rady zde: <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2013:120:0001:0006:CS:PDF\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2013:120:0001:0006:CS:PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref7\">[7]<\/a> Pln\u00fd text iniciativy Komise zde: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/smart-regulation\/impact\/planned_ia\/docs\/2013_empl_003_coordination_social_security_systems_en.pdf<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref8\">[8]<\/a> Podle Komise se revize na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00ed hlavou IV SFEU o voln\u00e9m pohybu osob, slu\u017eeb a kapit\u00e1lu, nikoli hlavou X SFEU o soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref9\">[9]<\/a> Obecn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e1 definice statutu p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edho (cross-border) pracovn\u00edka neexistuje. P\u0159\u00edhrani\u010dn\u00ed pracovn\u00edk je zam\u011bstnanec pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v jin\u00e9 zemi ne\u017e je st\u00e1t trval\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b, podm\u00ednkou je, \u017ee se aspo\u0148 jednou t\u00fddn\u011b vrac\u00ed do sv\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref10\">[10]<\/a> EPP group, \u201eFighting Youth unemployment and social exclusion\u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eppgroup.eu\/cs\/topic\/Fighting-youth-unemployment-and--social-exclusion\">https:\/\/www.eppgroup.eu\/cs\/topic\/Fighting-youth-unemployment-and&#8211;social-exclusion<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 9. 2. 2014.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref11\">[11]<\/a> S&amp;D Group, \u201eA more soci\u00e1ly just Europe\u201c, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu\/policies\/more-socially-just-europe\">https:\/\/www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu\/policies\/more-socially-just-europe<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 9. 2. 2014.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref12\">[12]<\/a>Greens\/EFA, \u201eGreen Social Europe\u201c, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greens-efa.eu\/fileadmin\/dam\/Documents\/Publications\/Green_Social_Europe.pdf\">https:\/\/www.greens-efa.eu\/fileadmin\/dam\/Documents\/Publications\/Green_Social_Europe.pdf<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 9. 2. 2014.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref13\">[13]<\/a> ECR Group, \u201eEMPL \u2013 Employment and Social Affairs\u201c, <a href=\"https:\/\/ecrgroup.eu\/policy\/empl-employment-and-social-affairs\/\">https:\/\/ecrgroup.eu\/policy\/empl-employment-and-social-affairs\/<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 9. 2. 2014.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref14\">[14]<\/a> GUEN\/NGL, Economic and Social Crisis: For solutions rooted in solidarity and justice, <a href=\"https:\/\/guengl.eu\/uploads\/publications-documents\/Financial_EN.pdf\">https:\/\/guengl.eu\/uploads\/publications-documents\/Financial_EN.pdf<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 9. 2. 2014; \u201eRe-launching the fight against poverty and scoial exclusion,<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/guengl.eu\/uploads\/publications-documents\/leaflet-poverty-EN-web.pdf\">https:\/\/guengl.eu\/uploads\/publications-documents\/leaflet-poverty-EN-web.pdf<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 9. 2. 2014; \u201eWho we are, who we work for,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guengl.eu\/uploads\/publications-documents\/Web_2.pdf\">https:\/\/www.guengl.eu\/uploads\/publications-documents\/Web_2.pdf<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 9. 2. 2014.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ednref15\">[15]<\/a> EFD Group, \u201eEmployment: Claudio Morganti pleads for a european reindustralization plan, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.efdgroup.eu\/newsroom\/opinions\/item\/employment-claudio-morganti-pleads-for-a-european-reindustrialization-plan.html?category_id=21\">https:\/\/www.efdgroup.eu\/newsroom\/opinions\/item\/employment-claudio-morganti-pleads-for-a-european-reindustrialization-plan.html?category_id=21<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 9. 2. 2014; \u201eWelfare state and jobs threatened by free movement within Europe Gerard Batten&#8217;s analysis, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.efdgroup.eu\/newsroom\/opinions\/item\/welfare-state-and-jobs-threatened-by-free-movement-within-europe-gerard-batten-s-analysis.html?category_id=21\">https:\/\/www.efdgroup.eu\/newsroom\/opinions\/item\/welfare-state-and-jobs-threatened-by-free-movement-within-europe-gerard-batten-s-analysis.html?category_id=21<\/a>, zhl\u00e9dnuto 9. 2. 2014.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shrnut\u00ed Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politika pat\u0159\u00ed do tzv. sd\u00edlen\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed EU, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na jej\u00ed podob\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty i samotn\u00e1 Unie. Role unijn\u00edch instituc\u00ed lze pova\u017eovat sp\u00ed\u0161e za koordina\u010dn\u00ed, p\u0159esto existuj\u00ed oblasti, ve kter\u00fdch mohou Rada a Evropsk\u00fd parlament na n\u00e1vrh Komise schvalovat pro \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vaznou legislativu<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-releases"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vybran\u00e9 aspekty soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky EU - European Values Center for Security Policy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/europeanvalues.cz\/cs\/vybrane-aspekty-socialni-politiky-eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vybran\u00e9 aspekty soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky EU - European Values Center for Security Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shrnut\u00ed Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politika pat\u0159\u00ed do tzv. sd\u00edlen\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed EU, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na jej\u00ed podob\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty i samotn\u00e1 Unie. 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